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The mood of a piece of writing is its general atmosphere of a piece of writing. The feelings the work evokes in the reader. Every aspect of a piece of writing can influence its mood, from the setting and the imagery to the author's word choice and tone. For instance, a story that begins with, "It was a dark and stormy night" will probably have an overall dark or suspenseful mood.

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The mood of this story is of dread, fright and foreboding. When Victor Frankenstein is telling the story, he reflects on the events that have happened. This allows him to over exaggerate and add dread to the story when he repeats it. Also, he is able to add ominous foreboding as he already knows what happens. The first person perspective from Victor Frankenstein, allows the narrator to reflect on past events and learn from them. At the beginning of the novel the mood originates with a fairly happy and cheerful theme. This quickly changes however, when the monster comes to life. The gothic theme overthrows the mood into a dark and somewhat depressing tone for the rest of the novel.

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The narrative in Frankenstein shifts from; Robert Walton, to Victor Frankenstein, to the monster and finally back to Walton. With each shift of perspective, the reader gains new information about both the facts of the story and the personalities of the respective narrators. Each narrator adds pieces of information that only he knows. This new information answers questions the readers might have and expands on topics. For example, Robert Walton explains the circumstances of Victor’s final days while Victor explains his creation of the monster. The monster explains his turn to evil. The differences in perspective between the narrators are sometimes blunt, especially since Victor and the monster stand in opposition to each other for much of the novel. We learn that, from Victor’s point of view, the monster is nothing but a hideous and evil creature. However when there is a shift in perspective we learn from the monster’s account that he is a thinking, feeling and emotional being. The recounting of the murder of William Frankenstein is a prime example of the impact of perspective. Victor’s description, after reading the letter from his father, is filled with emotion and focuses on the absolute evil of the murder. However, the monster’s version of the events focuses on the emotional circumstances surrounding it. Even if one cannot sympathize with the monster, one can at least understand his actions. This kind of dual narration creates a complicated narrative structure that Shelley's writing style.

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Pathetic fallacy is a literary device that attributes human qualities and emotions to inanimate objects or nature. Mary Shelley creates a very dramatic atmosphere by using pathetic fallacy to set the mood of her novel. The weather demonstrates pathetic fallacy at many points throughout the novel. For example in chapter 5, when the creature awakens the weather is described as, "It was on a dreary night of November." This sets a sad and somewhat depressing mood for the characters in the novel. In chapter 9 after the execution of Justine, Victor becomes angry with this outcome and travels to Alpine Valley. The Valley is described as beautiful in most parts, and not so beautiful in others. This reflects on Victor Frankenstein, himself as he receives some relief, however, continues to battle with his guilt and grief. In conclusion there are many examples of pathetic fallacy in the novel Frankenstein which help link the natural occurences and the mood throughout the novel.

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Many allusions are made in the novel, Frankenstein. These include but are not limited to; The Divine Comedy, The Vicar of Wakefield, Orlando Furioso, Paradise Lost, and Rime of the Ancient Mariner. For example she alludes to Rime of the Ancient Mariner when establishing a parallel between the main character in the Rime of the Ancient Mariner and Victor Frankenstein. The main character felt that it was necessary to tell others his story and to continue the legend, as did Frankenstein by explaining himself to Robert Walton. Shelley also alludes to the story of Prometheus in the title of her book. The Greek mythological figure Prometheus created man, and was punished eternally for it. This greatly alludes to the pain and suffering Frankenstein would have to endure as the myth of Prometheus resolves around his suffering.

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Mary Shelley's descriptive writing allows imagery to play a large role  in the novel, Frankenstein. Imagery appears when writing appeals to our senses. One example of imagery in the novel is when Robert Walton meets Victor Frankenstein. Victor Frankenstein tells his story with much depth and description. To narrate this story Mary Shelley used vivid descriptive language. She mentions "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner" which is filled with imagery. The tale illustrates a doomed ship stuck in the ice. Walton originally writes to his sister, Margaret with words of hope as he becomes slightly concerned with the amount of ice around his ship. He writes, "I am...in good spirits: my men are bold and apparently firm of purpose, nor do the floating sheets of ice that continually pass us...appear to dismay them." This descriptive language is used to help the readers invision the ice surounding the ship as it heads north. Another example of imagery is the description of the monster at the begining of the novel. The description, although not extremly lengthy gives out enough information for the reader to imagine a similar creature. "His limbs were in proportion, and I had selected his features as beautiful. Beautiful! Great God! His yellow skin scarcely covered the work of muscles and arteries beneath; his hair was of a lustrous black, and flowing; his teeth of a pearly whiteness; but these luxuriances only formed a more horrid contrast with his watery eyes, that seemed almost of the same colour as the dun-white sockets in which they were set, his shrivelled complexion and straight black lips."

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In the novel Frankenstein, both Victor Frankenstein and Robert Walton are driven by curiosity to explore new possibilities. However, these harmless curiosities quickly turn into obsessions, leading to danger for the two. The monster that Victor creates leads to many deaths of innocent people, while Walton nearly leads his crew members to death, but luckily turns around. These curiosities relate to the Adam creation story. Adam when placed in Eden, has his curiosity overthrow him. Even though he was not allowed to try the forbidden fruit his wonder about its effects took over his actions. He sinfully ate the fruit and therefore was cursed for his disobedience. Like Adam, Victor and Walton suffor a cost of their curiosity. Even the monster who curiously reads many books comes into danger when he takes Paradise Lost as historical fact. After reading about what a monster is in Paradise Lost, the creature himself is left believing he is a monster as well. This possibly being a large reason for the monster's existential anguish and need for vengeance. Overall, Robert Walton, Victor Frankenstein and the monster all struggle with containing their curiosity.

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The Albatross is introduced into the novel by Robert Walton when he refers to, "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner" in one of his letters. "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner" speaks of the story of s mariner who has returned from a long sea voyage. During his voyage, the mariner shot and killed an albatross. They thought this would bring the crew good look, but instead the crew members lose their lives. The mariner is forced to witness his crew members deaths and forever lives with the guilt of killing the albatross. In the fourth letter, Frankenstein begins to share his tale with Robert Walton. He says, "Do you share my madness? Have you drunk also of the intoxicating draught?" This drought the he speaks of refers to the burden that Frankenstein must carry for the rest of his life. The albatross symbolizes the guilt and grief Frankenstein has for creating something which has killed and continues to kill innocent lives. He is stuck in the drought of the Albatross until his death. He can wish for absolution, but for Frankenstein, a cure will never come.

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The novel of Frankenstein takes the readers throughout Europe. Not only do the characters travel to many new locations during the story, but Mary Shelley herself has been to many of these locations. The story begins with Robert Walton beginning his journey to undiscovered land. This takes place in St. Petersburg, Russia. Walton’s plan is to travel to Archangel to hire a ship and sailors to come to the North Pole with him. When Victor is introduced in the novel we learn he was born in Naples, Italy. However, soon after his family moved to Geneva, Switzerland where he was raised. At a young age he met his best friend, Henry Clerval. The Frankenstein family then moved to Bellerive, Switzerland where Victor and his family had a house for a while. At this location Victor witnessed a tree get struck by lightning which sparked his curiosity in science. At the age of 17, Victor’s parents decided that he should attend University. He left to the University of Ingolstadt after the delay from his mother's death. After  Victor learned about the death of his younger brother, William., he travels to Chamounix, France to forget his sorrows. His tranquillity is quickly ruined by the unexpected viewing of the monster. After agreeing to the monster's request of the creation of a female, Victor goes on a journey to England in order to build the second monster. He meets up with Henry and the two arrive in London, England to obtain the necessary information to complete what Victor promised the monster. To relieve some stress Henry and Victor stop in Windsor, England to spend a few days in the beautiful forest. Victor and Henry then decide to head to Perth together. However, Victor decides he doesn't want accompaniment and prefers to separate from Henry to continue his mission. Victor continues to travel to the most remote parts of the Orkney Islands. He discovers a hut and takes over to begin working on the second monster. Victor’s choice to destroy the second monster infuriates the monster. Victor abandoned his experiment and floated to Ireland where he finds Henry killed by the monster. Paris, France Victor and his father take rest on their return to Geneva. Lake Como, Italy Frankenstein discovers his beloved Elizabeth murdered by the monster. Finally, Victor chases the monster passed Russia to the North Pole.

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"A Vindication to the Rights of Women" - Mary Wollstonecraft

"Rime of the Ancient Mariner" - Samuel Coleridge

"The Sorrows of Young Werther" -Johann Wolfgang

"Paradise Lost" - John Milton

"Enquiry Concerning Political Justice" - William Godwin

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Mary Wollstonecraft

Mary Wollstonecraft grew up in a financially unstable home dominated by domestic abuse. She was constantly denied the right to further education and decided to support herself as a professional writer of political and philosophical issues. She fought for women's rights and was therefore described as a feminist. The absence of a strong women in the story Frankenstein, suggests that Mary Shelley felt the absence of a feminine role-model and mother-figure. For example, Elizabeth is orphaned, Justine lacks the ability to communicate without the help of a dominant male and Caroline Beaufort dies of scarlet fever because she is motherly and continues to take care of her daughter, Elizabeth with the acknowledgment of her sickness.

William Godwin

William Godwin was born into a family of religious members of a non-established church. He earned a living as a writer and produced many historical and educational works. William Godwin provided Mary Shelley with much education. He attempt to deliver to her a "higher intellectual experience" than most women in that time period. Many of the characters in the novel Frankenstein have similar traits to Shelley and her father. A thirst for knowledge and the conduction of scientific experiments. Frankenstein's desire to learn and determination to create life, the monsters immediate ability to acquire information and analyze situations shows the importance of education to Mary Shelley.

Dr. Darwin

Doctor Darwin (grandfather of the well known Charles Darwin) was a natural philosopher, physiologist, inventor and poet. Darwin became famous after his work on the theory of evolution. He created a method that DNA itself can move, from something lifeless. After listening to discussions of Dr. Darwin amongst the writers in Geneva, Mary Shelley was inspired and interested in this new science.

Percy Bysshe Shelley

Percy Bysshe Shelley was the husband of Mary Shelley. He was one of the major English Romantic poets. He passed away July 8th, 1822. Originally, Mary Shelley had the intent of writing a short story, but her husband persuaded her to write a full-length novel. Percy Shelley wrote the preface for the original novel. After the immediate success of the novel Shelley printed more copies, revealing her name as the author. Percy Shelley's constant support and encouragement inspired Mary Shelley to believe in herself and her capability.

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Creator of the monster and the protagonist of the story

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Mary Shelley's 'Frankenstein': Character Analysis of Dr Frankenstein

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Victor Frankenstien's creation/ form of life

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Mary Shelley's Frankenstein - Character Analysis of The Creature

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Beware, for I am fearless and therefore powerful. 

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Beware, for I am fearless and therefore powerful. 

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- Mary Shelley

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Everywhere I see bliss, from which I alone am irrevocably excluded. 

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Everywhere I see bliss, from which I alone am irrevocably excluded. 

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- Mary Shelley

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In the novel Frankenstein, written by Mary Shelley, there are many similar characteristics between Victor Frankenstein and the monster, sufficient enough for them to be represented as doppelganger's. When in need of relief and comfort Frankenstein and the monster look to nature to aide with this. Not only do the two find appeasement with nature but it also brings them happiness. For example when Frankenstein becomes overwhelmed after discovering the death of his younger brother, William, he travels to the summit of Montanvert, hoping to view a pure and eternal nature scene to fill his spirits. The monster when living in the lean-to of the cottage expresses his happiness for nature when he says "my spirits were elevated by the enchanting appearance of nature"(pg 114). Not only do the doppelgangers show their similarities through nature, but also through their loneliness. Victor Frankenstein demonstrates loneliness through scientific curiosity and excluding himself from basic knowledge. By discovering the ability to create a form of life goes against many proper beliefs at this time. This leaves him misunderstood and unable to tell others about his "success". The monster, being the only living creature of his kind, feels isolated and alone. The constant refusal he receives from villagers leaves him friendless and with the feeling that there is something wrong with him. For example, when the De Lacey's unknowingly house the monster, the monster feels a connection with them and imagines them as kind and harmless. However, when he attempts to speak with them, immediate rejection transpires. This reaction leaves the monster again feeling isolated and alone. Frankenstein and the monster display their doppelganger traits through their intelligence. The monster expresses how truly intelligent he is by his active learning skills. By monitoring the Delacey family he almost immediately begins to speak and read. This ability most likely unachievable by a "regular" human. The monster not only learns how to read the novels, Paradise Lost, and Plutarch's Lives of Illustrious Greeks and Romans, but he also develops the ability to analyze these texts and discover the true meaning behind them. Victor Frankenstein also discloses his intelligence by merely the success and creating a life form. Not only creating life, but creating the most intelligent, strongest and indestructible form of life on the planet. This alone proves the extreme intelligence of Victor Frankenstein. In conclusion, the monster and Frankenstein have strong bonds between nature, loneliness and intelligence. These similar traits let the readers see that the monster and Frankenstein seem like a ghostly double and doppelgangers.

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If I cannot inspire love, I will cause fear!

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If I cannot inspire love, I will cause fear!

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- Mary Shelley

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Disillusionment is a continuous theme throughout the entire novel of Frankenstein. Victor Frankenstein is clearly disillusioned by his action of making the monster. While he initially imagined putting together stitched together corpses to be a magnificent breakthrough, it actually turned out to be a hideous monster. The monster too is disillusioned by blindly believing in humanity's goodness. Although the De Lacey's seem harmless and friendly this perception is quickly crushed. His hope for acceptance is immediately destroyed by the rejection he constantly receives from random villagers and the De Lacey's themselves. When Elizabeth hears of Justine Moritz's confession, she is instantly disillusioned, as she was firm in believing in Justine's innocence. However, when Elizabeth hears Justine's explanation that the confession is false, her faith in her is restored. Out of all of the characters who face disillusionment, the only character who faces it is, Elizabeth.

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In the novel Frankenstein the lake symbolizes a trap as well as a place of relief. Mary Shelley's husband died after drowning in a boating accident. This may have been her inspiration to include a drowning incident in the novel. A young child is struggling to swim in a lake during the story. Frankenstein saves her but he sadly does not got recognition or thanks for this gesture. Instead he gets shot at from the aftehr of this child. These two examples show the lake a s a trap. A place with issues occur and can not be resolved. This being said, Victor Frankenstein also seeks relief when around lakes. At one point in the novel he takes a boat and paddles out into the open water. The calming waters and nature around him somewhat comforts him for this short period of time. Therefore, the lake can symbolize peace and ambush.

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In Frankenstein, fire and light symbolizes enlightenment and discovery. Although the novel seems to be set in a natural dark world, Walton, Victor and the monster are all affected by light at some point. Robert Walton tells his sister that he is heading to a "country of eternal life" where "the sun is always visible". Victor Frankenstein views light as "a sudden light.. so brilliant and wondrous." Light soon becomes negative when we learn that the monster's first sensation of light is, "light pressed upon [his] nerves" The light allows people to see how hideous he is which infuriates him. Fire then symbolizes good, so quickly changed to bad. The warmth and comfort the monster feels from the fire overjoys him, until he is burned and feels the pain it can cause. HE then uses it to burn down the cottage in rage. Therefore, light and fire symbolize duel meanings. Strength, power and danger.

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In the novel Frankenstein the locket is a necklace with a photo of Caroline Beaufort, Victor and William Frankenstein's mother. This piece of jewelry at the beginning symbolizes something beautiful and cherished. However, it quickly turns into something negative and the cause of death. Innocent William when in possession of the locket appreciates it and it symbolizes love. However, when the monster takes it and places it in Justine's dress it immediately becomes a negative object which eventually is one of the reasons Justine is accused and murdered. Something so simple and beautiful can become something disastrous and unwanted.

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Victor Frankensteins father

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Wrongly executed for the murder of young William Frankenstein

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Lived with and adopted by Frankenstein's family, married Victor Frankenstein

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Explorer who meets Frankenstein on the Artic Ice

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Frankenstein's bestfriend

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Switzerland
Mary Shelley spent a holiday in Lake Geneva, Switzerland, with poets Lord Byron and Percy Bysshe Shelley (her future husband). The wet, ungenial summer, and incessant rain forced the authors to stay inside and write. They entertained themselves by reading from a book of ghost stories. Afterwards, Lord Byron set a challenge. He challenged the authors to write their own ghost story and a winner would be selected. The mere prompt of creating a ghost story inspired Shelley to focus on a more gothic and dark theme.

Tragedy
Mary Shelley's life was peppered with tragedy. Shelley's mother, Mary Wollstonecraft passed away 10 days after her birth. Shelley suffered the losses of her three children at a very young age. She then went on to learn about the suicide her sister had committed at the age of 22. Shelley goes on to be childless for the next "five hateful months" of her life, until her only surviving child is born, Percy Florence. Finally, Mary Shelley's husband, Percy Shelley drowns in a boating accident at the age of 29. Not only is it the familiarity Shelley has with death the inspiration of Frankenstein, but also it is the desire to bring back her loved ones that she expresses in the novel. Shelley's description of the monster awakening reads more like a wish, than a realty. "He sleeps; but he is awakened; he opens his eyes; behold".

Castle Frankenstien

The 13th-century, Castle Frankenstein located in the Odenwald Mountains. It is said that the castle was a place where reviving corpses was a constant experiment. Johann Dippel claimed to have discovered an “elixir of life.” He worked with oils and potions collected from animal flesh and bones. Some believe this tale was part of the inspiration for Mary Shelley’s creation of Frankenstein. However, it is unclear whether Shelley knew about the Castle Frankenstein.

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"Frankenstein" | Characters: Overview Analysis | 60second Recap®

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Injustice is another obvious theme in the novel as seen by the constant rejection of the creature by Victor Frankenstein The monster is a clear example, but over the course of the novel the monster shows he is not blameless or completely innocent. He is guilty of several murders and purposely framing an innocent women (Justine). This rejection might reflect the Gowin view, that social institutions are by nature, unjust. When introduced to the history of the De Lacey family in the novel, injustice is also relevant.  The De Lacey father and sister are unjustly punished for the actions of Felix. Safie's father acts unjustly toward Felix, and the De Laceys as well. Another example of injustices is Victor Frankenstein individually. Victor compounds his scientific hubris with the error of injustice. He rejects the Monster rather than accepting responsibility for him. In conclusion there are many examples of injustice throughout the novel. None of them being completely resolved.