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Time is how events in the past, present, and future affect the story.

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In this short story, it allows the average man or woman to time travel and have experiences which were thought to be impossible. Eckels, a devoted hunter, pays $10,000 to travel back to the prehistoric age to hunt and kill a dinosaur. This story takes many twists and turns. The time travel company only allows certain animals to be killed, so it does not affect change in the future, along with having everyone stay on a path to avoid altering the future. Ray Bradbury does an excellent job of using time in this story from the beginning to the end.

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Ray Bradbury uses the writing element of time in this science fiction story with the use of a time machine. The time machine allows Eckels to alter the future because of what he did in the past. Travis tells Eckels before they time travel, "We don't want to change the Future. We don't belong in the Past" (n.p.). This statement shows how time can be effected by the time machine. Later in the story, it proves that the time machine is risky business because it altered the future.

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The presence of the past and present in this story story shows how time is used. When Eckels arrives in the future and is on the path he states, "The things we worried about for months, a lifetime, not even born or thought of yet" (n.p). Eckels shows through these words that he has traveled sixty million years to hunt a dinosaur, and it is strange for him to think nothing what he has worried about in the future matters at the time because it does not exist.

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Towards the end of the story, Eckels steps off the path no one is supposed to because it could alter things in the future. When Eckels returns to the present he notices the sign for time travel is not the same. He trembles as he looks at the bottom of his shoes and notices a butterfly. Eckels states, "Killing one butterfly couldn't be that important! Could it?" (n.p.). Eckels realizes he changed the whole future because he stepped off the path and killed a butterfly. Bradbury does a wonderful job using time to explain the full effect of time travel and what it can do to the world.

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Bradbury, Ray. "A Sound of Thunder." Collier's. 28 June 1952. Print

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Foreshadowing is the implication of a future event.

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This short story starts with Lyman talking about a red convertible him and his brother, Henry, bought together. From there it goes into the story with the red convertible, Henry, and Lyman. Throughout the story there are many subtle hints about what happens to the brothers and the car. Louise Erdrich does a nice job of using foreshadowing to help show what happens to the brothers.

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In the beginning of the story, Lyman mentions how him and his brother own the red convertible until something happens with his brother. Lyman states, "We owned it until his boots filled with water on a windy night and he bought out my share" (1). This statement implies what happens later on in the story when Henry drowns in a river. This gives the reader hints about what could happen in the future, but it is not clear until the event happens.

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Henry and Lyman go on a trip with their red convertible. Along the way they pick on a girl and bring her to Alaska. The day before they left the girl showed them both her hair. It was so long it touched the floor, even when she was standing on a chair. Henry immediately told her to get on his shoulders. Once she was on he states, "I always wondered what it was like to have long pretty hair" (3). This paragraph happens right before Henry has to leave for the war and it shows how Henry's personality is light and funny. It does this to show the change Henry has from before the war and after.

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After the war, Lyman's sister, Bonita, made Lyman and Henry take a picture in front of the red convertible together. Lyman said he never looks at the picture anymore because he notices Henry has changed. He states, "I don't know what it was, but his smile had changed, or maybe it was gone" (6). This picture shows how Henry has changed and it helps imply what Henry ends up doing at the end of the story.

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Erdrich, Louise.  Love Medicine.  “The Red Convertible.” New York: Harper Collins, 2016. Print.

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Society is the way people live in a community or something similar, such as a group.

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Frederick Douglass was an American slave who told the story of his life. Through the preface, letter, and chapter 1 it is found how much society plays a role in his life and in the lives of all slaves. The story talks about his life he lived, along with his mother and a few others who were close.

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In the beginning of chapter 1, Frederick Douglass talks about his mother and father. His mother was a colored slave while his father was a white man. Even though his father was a white man, it did not matter because Douglass had colored in him. Douglass states, "The opinion was also whispered that my master was my father; but of the correctness of this opinion, I know nothing; the means of knowing was withheld from me" (2). This statement shows even though the white man could have been Douglass's slave it did not change how Douglass was treated. Society allows the white man to sleep with colored women and have no consequences, but could gain another slave.

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During this time mothers and their children were separated before the child turned one. Their is not a sure answer as to why mothers were split from their children, but Douglass says, "For what this separation is done, I do not know, unless it be to hinder the development of the child's affection toward its mother, and to blunt and destroy the natural affection of the mother for the child" (2). The slave owners control the lives of the slaves and allow this to happen between mothers and children. Society plays a role in why this was okay, because the white man was superior and owned the colored slaves.

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Slave holders were able to treat their slaves however they felt necessary. Douglass describes one particular beating which happened several times to his own aunt. Douglass states, "He would at times seem to take great pleasure in whipping a slave" (5). The master did this several times to Douglass's aunt. Douglass describes how her back would be full of blood and how she screamed out in pain. During this time society allowed slave owners to do things, such as whipping their slaves.

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Douglass, Frederick, 1818-1895. Narrative Of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. Boston:  Bedford/St. Martin's, 2003. Print.

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The passing down of customs and beliefs from generation to generation.

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Shirley Jackson writes about a tradition which a village of 300 people go through each year. The story goes over what the lottery is, which is the act of someone in the village getting stoned. Tradition plays a large role in this short story from the beginning to the end.

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In the beginning of the short story, people in the village gathered in the square for the lottery. A box was carried by Mr. Summers. The box contained papers which Mr. Summers stirred. The box itself is a tradition and has been used since the original paraphernalia for the lottery was lost. "Mr. Summers spoke frequently to the villagers about making a new box, but no one liked to upset even as much tradition as was represented by the black box" (1). This statement shows how much the villagers valued tradition and did not want to change part of the lottery by getting a new box.

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Mr. Adams brings up to Old Man Warner about getting rid of the lottery. He says other villages have gotten rid of this tradition. Old Man Warner says, "Pack of crazy fools. Listening to the young folks, nothing's good enough for them. There's always been a lottery" (4) This text shows that the older generations want to continue the tradition of the lottery more so than the younger generations.

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The lottery is a tradition which stoning takes place. At the end of the story the reader finds out the one person why got drawn to be stoned. Tessie Hutchinson was the unlucky one to get stoned. "Tessie Hutchinson was in the center of a cleared space by now, and she held her hands out desperately as the villagers moved in on her" (8). Soon after stones started hitting Tessie and the story ended. The story went through the whole process of the tradition, the lottery, from the gathering of villagers to the stoning at the end.

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Jackson, Shirley. The Lottery and Other Stories.  “The Lottery.” New York: Farrar, 1991.  Print.

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The element of time works well in science fiction because it is how events in the past, present, and future affect the story. It works especially well because in many of the short stories our class read involved time travel. Time travel is science fiction and time plays an important role in traveling through time. All of this helps support why the writing element time works well in writing science fiction.

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Foreshadowing is a writing element which works well with any form of writing. It is a style that allows implications to be made about future events in a story. This allows the reader to be engaged in the story. It is a writing element which works well for the stories our class has read. The majority of the stories included some form of foreshadowing to help indicate events which may happen in the story.

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Society is a writing element used in many different writing forms. Society is the way people live. this applies well to the story of Frederick Douglass, along with other stories our class has read such as The Lottery. This element is used to help explain relations is a community or something similar. It is easy to use this writing element when writing about a group of people, like in these two stories. It helps explain what is going on with the people in a group of people.

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Tradition is when writers use the idea of passing down customs and beliefs from generation to generation. This element of writing can be used in any forms of writing. Depending on if a tradition is real or not makes the difference. In science fiction, writers can make up traditions which happen within a group of people, like in The Lottery. This works well when the story is based off of a belief like the one the villagers have in The Lottery.