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"It had a simple smell, the sea, but at that same time it smelled immense and unique so much that Grenouille hesitated to dissect the odors into fishy, salty, watery, seaweed, fresh-airy and so on." (37)

Here, Suskind uses olfactory imagery to illustrate the vastness of the smell being described. He creates a smell in your mind that represents a variety of scents one would find in and around the ocean.

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"...Grenouille, the solitary tick, the abomination, Grenouille the Monster, who had never felt love and would never be able to inspire it..."

This metaphor compares Grenouille to a tick. This is because a tick is an inconspicuous creature that obtains its power by sucking it out of others, quite similar to the actions of Grenouille.

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"The blend of odors was almost unbearable, as if each musician in a thousand-member orchestra were playing a different melody at fortissimo."

This simile compares the unbearableness of the combination of odors to that of a massive orchestra whose members are out of sync with one another.

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“These were virtuoso odours, executed as wonderful little trifles that of course no one but he could admire or would ever take note of."

pos: noun
def: a person who is highly skilled at something

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“As he began to withdraw from them, it became clear to Grenouille for the first time that for eighteen years their compacted human effluvium had oppressed him like air heavy with an imminent thunderstorm.”

POS: noun
Def: an unpleasant or harmful odor, secretion, or discharge

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“He had escaped the abhorrent taint! He was truly completely alone! He was the only human being in the world!”

POS: adj
Definition: inspiring disgust and loathing; repugnant

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"Can I mix it for you, maître, can I mix it, can I?" (Suskind 75)

Maître
noun

1. master

2. teacher

3. lord

4. professor

5. schoolteacher

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"He helped bear the patient up the narrow stairway with his own hands, despite his unmuterable  disgust at pustules and festering boils." (Suskind 102)

Pustule
noun

1. a small blister or pimple on the skin containing pus.

2. a small raised spot or rounded swelling, especially one on a plant resulting from fungal infection.

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"A cupboard rubbed with musk, a piece of leather drenched in namon oil, a glob of ambergris, a cedar chest—they all posess virtually enternal olfactory life." (Suskind 193)

Ambergris
noun

1. a waxy substance that originates as a secretion in the intestines of the sperm whale, found floating in tropical seas and used in perfume manufacture.

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"The stench of sulfur rose from the chimmeys, the stench of caustic lyes from the tanneries, and from the slaughterhouses came the stench of congealed blood." (Suskind 3)

Caustic
adjective

1. able to burn or corrode organic tissue by chemical action.

2. sarcastic in a scathing and bitter way.

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"The streets stank of manure, the courtyards of urine, the stairwells stank of moldering wood and rat droppings.." (Suskind 3)

molder

verb

1. slowly decay or disintegrate, especially because of neglect.

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(Pg.105)
enfleurage à chaud = hot enfleurage

enfleurage à froid = cold enfleurage

enfleurage à I’huile = oil enfleurage

enfleurage: the extraction of essential oils and perfumes from flowers using odorless animal or vegetable fats.

(Cannot attach audio file of pronunciation so here is a link to a website where you can have them pronounce French words)
https://translate.yandex.com/?lang=fr-en&text=enfleurage%20à%20froid

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Article on the social classes in 18th century France —> https://socialsciences.mcmaster.ca/econ/ugcm/3ll3/see/18thCentury.pdf

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Some useful info on disease and hygiene in 18th century France —> https://cdnhistorybits.wordpress.com/2016/05/31/disease-hygiene-new-france/

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http://www.frockflicks.com/the-gross-18th-century/

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https://www.dw.com/en/france-personal-hygiene-as-a-luxury-good/av-17350311

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The Hôtel-Dieu de Paris (French pronunciation: ​[otɛl djø də paʁi]) founded by Saint Landry in 651 AD is the oldest hospital in the city of Paris, France, and is the most central of the Assistance publique - hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) hospitals.

"For eight hundred years the dead had been brought here from the Hotel-Dieu and from the surrounding parish churches, for eight hundred years, day in, day out, corpses by the dozens had been carted here and tossed into long ditches, stacked bone upon bone for eight hundred years in the tombs and charnel houses" (4).

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The Holy Innocents' Cemetery (French: Cimetière des Saints-Innocents or Cimetière des Innocents) is a defunct cemetery in Paris that was used from the Middle Ages until the late 18th century. It was the oldest and largest cemetery in Paris and had often been used for mass graves. It was closed because of overuse in 1780, and in 1786 the remaining corpses were exhumed and transported to the unused subterranean quarries near Montparnasse known as the Catacombs. The place Joachim-du-Bellay in the Les Halles district now covers the site of the cemetery.

This is the place next to where Grenouille was born.

"And of course the stench was foulest in Paris, for Paris was the largest city of France. And in turn there was a spot in Paris under the sway of a particularly fiendish stench: between the rue aux Fers and the rue de la Ferronnerie, the Cimetiere des Innocents to be exact" (4).

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Thurible - a container in which incense is burned, typically during a religious ceremony (noun)

“Inside the cathedral the air was still filled with incense billowing up in cold clouds from two thuribles at each side of the altar [...]” (Suskind 154).

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“Meanwhile war raged in the in the world outside, a world war. Men fought in Silesia and Saxony, in Hanover and the Low Countries, in Bohemia and Pomerania. [...] The war robbed a million people of their lives, France of its colonial empire, and all the warring nations of so much money that they finally decided, with heavy hearts, to end it” (Suskind 132).

This quote embodies the Anglo-French war, and the implications that came of the conflict, which is obviously specific to the 18th century. (1778-1783)

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Foreshadowing - “He now knew what he was capable of. Thanks to his own genius, with a minimum of contrivance he had imitated the odor of human beings and at one stroke had matched it so well that even a child had been deceived” (Suskind 154).

I perceived this as foreshadowing because this section gave me the feeling that Grenouille was going to make an even better scent to blend in better with humans, despite being a human himself. Much like serial killers in reality, the most ones who are able to blend in with society are the ones that get away with their crimes for much longer.

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https://www.byrdie.com/perfume-facts

Thought I would include something about perfume because who doesn’t like fun facts …

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Sublime - of such excellence, grandeur, or beauty as to inspire great admiration or awe (adj)

“The heat kindled by rage--the enemy of sublime scents--had fled, the pack of demons was annihilated”(Suskind 125).

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“‘It is not that I do not smell, for everything smells. It is, rather, that I cannot smell that I smell, because I have smelled myself day in day out since my birth, and my nose is therefore dulled against my own smell’” (Suskind 135).

This quote struck me because I had never acknowledged this truth, but it makes perfect sense as to why we can’t smell ourselves. It was almost like an aha moment for me, despite having subconsciously known it to be true.

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Why was Grenouille so afraid of the fact that he couldn’t smell his own odor/ did not have one? I thought he knew this about himself, and therefore despised other humans for this flaw that he did not possess. Was this insecurity part of what made him human, and therefore led to his suicide at the end of the novel?

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“Wherever you looked, hectic excitement. People reading books, even women.

Why was it so weird for women to be reading books? Were women not offered the same educational opportunities as men? It is evident that the book was supposed to be set in the 18th century, when gender roles were more pronounced than ever.

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“And yet, just as a musically gifted child burns to see an orchestra up close or to climb into the church choir where the organ keyboard lies hidden, Grenouille burned to see a perfumery from the inside; and when he had heard that leather was to be delivered to Baldini, he had done all he could to make sure he would be the one to deliver it”(Suskind 68).

SIMILE

This allows the reader to realize the intensity of Grenouille's yearning and hints at his future murders regarding his inability/desire to restrain his urges.

“He was touched by the way this worktable looked: everything lay ready, the glass basin for the perfume bath, the glass plate for drying, the mortars for mixing the tincture, pestle and spatula, brush and parer and shears. It was as if these things were only sleeping because it was dark and would come to life in the morning” (Suskind 70).

PERSONIFICATION

By describing the inanimate objects as living things, it allows the reader to step into Grenouille's shoes and experience his fascination with Baldini and the line of work he was in.

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Me when I read that Baldini and his entire livelihood hurtled into the river in the span of one page

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Obsequious - obedient or attentive to an excessive or servile degree (adj)

“For the first time in years, there was an easing in his back of the subordinate’s cramp that had tensed his neck and given an increasingly obsequious hunch to his shoulders”(Suskind 66),

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“The second rule is: perfume lives in time; it has its youth, its maturity, and its old age. And only if it gives off a scent equally as pleasant at all three different stages of its life, can it be called successful” (Suskind 62).

This quote struck me because I had never thought of perfume critiquing being so complex and tedious. It was just a very new concept to me, but it made perfect sense at the same time.

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I still don’t understand how Baldini, his wife, and an entire building randomly got swept off into the river… What was the point of this? When I read this, I didn’t fully process it, so I had to read it once more. Does this hold some sort of foreshadowing characteristic, hinting at Grenouille’s tendency to cause misfortune… bad auras.

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“[...] the city of Paris set off fireworks at the Pont-Royal. [...] They had mounted golden sunwheels on the masts of the ships” (Suskind 37).

These things were put on in honor of the anniversary of the king’s coronation. You wouldn’t hear that in present day Paris, as there is a prime minister and both junior and senior ministers that govern France. Through a culture’s literature, we are able to make connections as to how their society works, such as what they value, what they eat, what is popular there, etc.

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“He fashioned grotesqueries, only to destroy them again immediately, like a child playing with blocks---inventive and destructive, with no apparent norms for his creativity” (Suskind 37).

(Simile)
Grenouille is greedy in the sense that all he aspires is to possess all the scents possible. He continues this cycle of creation and destruction of new scents with the basic smells he's been presented, much like a child plays with blocks.

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Me when Grenouille murdered that young girl because he was intoxicated by her scent….

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Olfactory - relating to the sense of smell (adj)

“Days later he was still completely fuddled by the intense olfactory experience, and whenever the memory of it rose up too powerfully within him he would mutter imploringly, over and over, ‘wood’, ‘wood’” (Suskind 25).

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“Every other woman would have kicked this monstrous child out. But not Madame Gaillard. She could not smell that he did not smell, and she expected no stirrings from his soul, because her own soul was sealed tight” (Suskind 22).

This quote struck me because it appears to be two very troubled and disturbed characters in each other’s presence, which made me feel very uncomfortable. This woman that was in charge of all these orphans, was in fact just like the child that made all the kids feel uneasiness.

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Questions...please identify the chapter, page #, or excerpt that sparked your question

“She was so frozen with terror at the sight of him that he had plenty of time to put his hands to her throat. She did not attempt to cry out, did not budge, did not make the least motion to defend herself” (Suskind 42).

Why didn’t this girl scream out or do anything to get out of this situation. Before he strangled her, he was just a boy standing in front of her. What made grenouille so terrifying to the point of “paralysis”?

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Did Grenouille’s heightened scent result in a sense of insanity similar to that which historically intellectual geniuses have encountered? Would you consider scent to have equal effects on a person just as intellect.

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What roles do Grenouille’s  sense of humanity tie deeper into his childhood and the neglect he felt as a child. If he was loved would he have been different?

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The Age of Enlightenment is the historical setting of the book. Some consider Descartes' 1637 statement "I think, therefore I am" to have sparked the period.

Descartes himself was a French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist. The French origin of the period adds a cultural nuance to the book.

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Countries

Below are the 15 countries that exported the highest dollar value worth of perfumes during 2017:

1. France: US$4.8 billion (26.8% of total exported perfumes)

2. Germany: $1.79 billion (10%)

3. Spain: $1.78 billion (9.9%)

4. United States: $1.76 billion (9.8%)

5. Italy: $1.2 billion (6.7%)

6. Singapore: $987.2 million (5.5%)

7. Netherlands: $865.2 million (4.8%)

8. United Kingdom: $822.9 million (4.6%)

9. Belgium: $549.2 million (3.1%)

10. Poland: $438.6 million (2.4%)

11. Switzerland: $324.3 million (1.8%)

12. Hong Kong: $229.2 million (1.3%)

13. China: $220.1 million (1.2%)

14. Czech Republic: $219.6 million (1.2%)

15. United Arab Emirates: $197.8 million (1.1%)

The listed 15 countries shipped 90.3% of global perfumes exports in 2017 by value.

Among the above countries, the fastest-growing perfumes exporters since 2013 were: China (up 99.7%), Czech Republic (up 75%), Netherlands (up 50.9%) and Singapore (up 22.3%).

Five countries posted declines in their exported perfumes sales namely United Arab Emirates (down -76.5%), Germany (down -23.6%), United Kingdom (down -17.7%), United States (down -4.5%) and France (down -2.8%).

Advantages

The following countries posted the highest positive net exports for perfumes during 2017. Investopedia defines net exports as the value of a country's total exports minus the value of its total imports. Thus, the statistics below present the surplus between the value of each country's exported perfumes and its import purchases for that same commodity.

1. France: US$4.3 billion (net export surplus down -3.6% since 2013)

2. Spain: $1 billion (up 6.8%)

3. Italy: $691.8 million (up 7.5%)

4. Singapore: $168.7 million (up 8.7%)

5. Switzerland: $109.9 million (up 159.6%)

6. Poland: $87.9 million (down -17.3%)

7. India: $67 million (down -16.2%)

8. Colombia: $61.2 million (down -27.2%)

9. Lebanon: $8.8 million (reversing an -$855,000 deficit)

10. Barbados: $4.3 million (reversing a -$559,000 deficit)

11. Latvia: $1.9 million (reversing a -$8.8 million deficit)

France has the highest surplus in the international trade of perfumes. In turn, this positive cashflow confirms France's strong competitive advantage for this specific product category.

Opportunities

The following countries posted the highest negative net exports for perfumes during 2017. Investopedia defines net exports as the value of a country's total exports minus the value of its total imports. Thus, the statistics below present the deficit between the value of each country's imported perfumes purchases and its exports for that same commodity.

1. United States: -US$613.7 million (net export deficit up 149.4% since 2013)

2. United Arab Emirates: -$586 million (up 659.1%)

3. Russia: -$474.3 million (down -34.3%)

4. United Kingdom: -$297.9 million (up 1,169%)

5. Australia: -$292 million (down -12.6%)

6. Saudi Arabia: -$259.9 million (down -37.2%)

7. Hong Kong: -$248.3 million (up 17%)

8. Chile: -$243.1 million (up 18.2%)

9. Panama: -$240.3 million (reversing a $178.7 million surplus)

10. Japan: -$230.2 million (up 10.7%)

11. Canada: -$210 million (down -5.6%)

12. South Korea: -$157.5 million (up 39.7%)

13. Austria: -$135.9 million (down -23.2%)

14. Czech Republic: -$128.9 million (down -1.9%)

15. Mexico: -$126.4 million (up 47%)

The United States of America incurred the highest deficit in the international trade of perfumes. In turn, this negative cashflow highlights America's strong competitive disadvantage for this specific product category but also signals opportunities for perfumes-supplying countries that help satisfy the powerful demand.

Companies

According to Wikipedia, the following suppliers are the 20 biggest companies participating in the cosmetics industry. These firms sell perfumes on international markets.

Procter & Gamble (United States)

L'Oréal (France)

Unilever (United Kingdom)

Avon (United States)

Beiersdorf (Germany)

Estee Lauder (United States)

Shiseido (Japan)

Kao (Japan)

Johnson & Johnson (United States)

Henkel (Germany)

LVMH (France)

Coty (France)

Chanel (France)

Limited Brands (United States)

Mary Kay (United States)

Yves Roche (France)

Natur (Brazil)

Altico (United States)

Kose (Japan)

Oriflame (Sweden)

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Below are the 15 countries that exported the highest dollar value worth of perfumes during 2017: France: US$4.8 billion (26.8% of total exported perfumes) Germany: $1.79 billion (10%) Spain: $1.78 billion (9.9%) United States: $1.76 billion (9.8%) Italy: $1.2 billion (6.7%) Singapore: $987.2 million (5.5%) Netherlands: $865.2 million (4.8%) United Kingdom: $822.9 million (4.6%) Belgium: $549.2 million (3.1%) Poland: $438.6 million (2.4%) Switzerland: $324.3 million (1.8%) Hong Kong: $229.2 million (1.3%) China: $220.1 million (1.2%) Czech Republic: $219.6 million (1.2%) United Arab Emirates: $197.8 million (1.1%) The listed 15 countries shipped 90.3% of global perfumes exports in 2017 by value.

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"Man's misfortune stems from the fact that he does not want to stay in the room where he belongs. Pascal said that. And Pascal was a great man, a Frangipani of the intellect, a real craftsman, so to speak, and no one wants one of those anymore" (55).

Blaise Pascal (French: [blɛz paskal]; 19 June 1623 – 19 August 1662) was a French mathematician, physicist, inventor, writer and Catholic theologian. He was a child prodigy who was educated by his father, a tax collector in Rouen. Pascal's earliest work was in the natural and applied sciences where he made important contributions to the study of fluids, and clarified the concepts of pressure and vacuum by generalising the work of Evangelista Torricelli. Pascal also wrote in defence of the scientific method.

France has been the center of science for centuries, and by alluding to one of its many luminaries, Suskind aims to create a sense of French culture, which enhances the book's setting.

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"... [he] looks just like one of those unapproachable, incomprehensible, willful little prehuman creatures, who in their ostensible innocence think only of themselves... if one let them pursue their megalomaniacal ways and did not apply the strictest pedagogical principles to guide them to a disciplined, self-controlled, fully human existence" (81). 

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"... [he] looks just like one of those unapproachable, incomprehensible, willful little prehuman creatures, who in their ostensible innocence think only of themselves... if one let them pursue their megalomaniacal ways and did not apply the strictest pedagogical principles to guide them to a disciplined, self-controlled, fully human existence" (81). 

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This passage as a whole highlights the novel's general portrayal of children as subhuman, or in this case, pre-human. By casting children as less than human, growing up and coming of age logically entails becoming truly human. In particular, the thoughts Baldini experiences about children here call Grenouille's later “coming of age” into question. While Grenouille does live to the age of 25, he remains selfish, willful, and is a menace to society until his death. By comparing Grenouille's character traits as an adult to what the novel posits constitutes adulthood, the reader is asked to question whether or not Grenouille truly comes of age, or if he remains a child (or some other non-human entity) in an adult's body.

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", ... if one let them pursue their megalomaniacal ways and did not apply the strictest pedagogical principles to guide them to a disciplined, self-controlled, fully human existence" (81).

megalomania

NOUN

1. Obsession with the exercise of power.

1. Delusion about one's own power or importance (typically as a symptom of manic or paranoid disorder).Example sentences

Pronunciation

megalomania/ˌmɛɡ(ə)lə(ʊ)ˈmeɪnɪə/

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"And therefore what he was now called upon to witness-first with derisive hauteur, then with dismay, and finally with helpless astonishment-seemed to him nothing less than a miracle" (79).

NOUN
Proud haughtiness of manner.

Origin

French, from haut ‘high’.

Pronunciation

hauteur/əʊˈtəː/

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How does the French culture of Grenouille's time treat unwanted children and young apprentices? How does this affect how Grenouille grows up and how he views himself?

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Top 10 Most Expensive Perfumes In The World:

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Top 10 Most Expensive Perfumes In The World:

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What is the most expensive perfume in 2018? It's a DKNY Golden Delicious Million Dollar Fragrance Bottle worth one million dollars. Much of the price though is not about what's inside the bottle, but the bottle itself, a cornucopia of gems from the famed jeweler Martin Katz. The perfume tops our list for this year's most expensive perfume, which are:

1. DKNY Golden Delicious Million Dollar Fragrance Bottle - $1 million

2. Clive Christian No. 1 Imperial Majesty Perfume - $12,721.89 per ounce

3. Baccarat Les Larmes Sacrees de Thebes - $6,800 per ounce

4. Chanel Grand Extrait - $4,200 per ounce

5. Clive Christian No. 1 - $2,150 per ounce

6. Hermès 24 Faubourg - $1,500 per ounce

7. Caron Poivre - $1,000 per ounce

8. Joy by Jean Patou - $850 per ounce

9. JAR Bolt of Lightning - $765 per ounce

10. Annick Goutal Eau d'Hadrien - $441.18 per ounce

Everybody wants to smell good to create a great impression on others. For this reason, the global fragrance, antiperspirant, and deodorant market is expected to top $72.7 billion in 2018. Why are people willing to spend huge sums of money on expensive perfumes? Instyle.com quotes an aromatherapy expert who says that fragrances can change our physical and emotional state. Refreshing perfumes stimulate our olfactory nerve as well as areas of the brain that control our emotions and memories.

Now let's look at why some perfumes are so expensive. Some of them cost up to several thousand dollars. There are three main reasons that drive up the prices of the most expensive perfumes. These are: rare ingredients, marketing costs, and packaging expenses.

Let's start with rare ingredients. Many perfumes are made from the musk secreted by a rare animal, or oils obtained from a tree, root, or flower petal. On the other hand, some scents are cheap because they are manufactured using synthetic ingredients created in a lab.

Take the example of Joy perfume by Jean Patou. This scent ranks among the most expensive perfumes because it takes 28 dozen roses and 10,600 jasmine flowers to make a single bottle. The maker derives just 1/25 ounce of oil from 8,000 jasmine flowers. Other rare ingredients included in this perfume include orris, ambergris from sperm whales, oud, and Bulgarian Rose.

The second element that drives up the prices of the most expensive perfumes is marketing and hard-sell. Perfume makers spend a lot of money on ad campaigns and celebrity endorsers. The customer ends up paying for these expenses. The irony is that you may be shelling out for a fragrance that the celebrity promoter may not even be using in real life.

Another strategy used by top perfume brands is to market their product like a fine wine or art. They put only a limited amount of bottles in the market and this exclusivity generates buzz and interest. There are many rich buyers who are willing to shell out an astronomical amount to earn the bragging rights for owning an exclusive bottle of a top perfume brand.

Finally, packaging also plays a big role in the high prices. Some perfume brands package their product in fine and expensive Baccarat crystal bottles. Others place solid gold bobs and bits or diamonds in the bottles and this also boosts up the final price.

Now that you have learnt about the attraction of perfumes and the reasons for the high cost of top brands, let's get down to the brass tacks and look at the top 10 most expensive perfumes in 2018:

10. Annick Goutal Eau d'Hadrien - $441.18 per ounce

This fragrance was launched in 1981 and continues to be popular today. Its ingredients are a blend of citrus splashes, herbal and sweet, basil, and ylang-ylang. This scent is ideal for evening wear. The bottle is designed attractively in a unique shape. The product is a joint effort by two top companies, Francis Camail and Annick Goutal, and it is still creating waves decades after its introduction.

9. JAR Bolt of Lightning - $765 per ounce

This is a floral scent for women that was launched in 2001. Its ingredients include green notes, freshly cut tuberose, and oriental flowers packaged in a beautiful hand cut bottle that can light up any vanity or dresser. JAR stands for Joel A. Rosenthal, a jeweler, who is the brainchild behind this item.

8. Joy by Jean Patou - $850 per ounce

Jean Patou is a top brand in the perfume industry. He made Joy doubly explosive by adding two times the amount of ingredients which include 10,000 Grasse jasmine flowers, tuberose, ylang-ylang, Bulgarian rose, and 28 dozen roses. The jasmine flowers are harvested in a period of two weeks in summer in the town of Grasse, France. One of the main reasons for its high price is that only 50 limited edition bottles of Joy are made each year.

Joy has an interesting history. It was originally created by Henri Almeras who collaborated with Jean Patou in 1929 to produce this awesome fragrance. The scent has the power to remove depression and make the wearer feel lively and joyful. No wonder, it continues to be sought after even today.

7. Caron Poivre - $1,000 per ounce

This unique fragrance was created in 1954 to commemorate 50 years of fragrance production by Caron. It is an intriguing scent that combines a spicy peppery smell (poivre means pepper in French) with a woody base and rich floral heart. The result is a brave, strong, and bracing unisex perfume that is delightfully packaged in an appealing handcrafted Baccarat bottle embellished with a luxurious white gold collar and crystal.

6. Hermès 24 Faubourg - $1,500 per ounce

The high price of this perfume is because only 1,000 exclusive bottles have been created. The unforgettable fragrance is the result of the combination of iris, sandalwood, ambergris, vanilla, ylang-ylang, patchouli, tiare flower, jasmine, and orange blossom ingredients. These ingredients combine to create a long-lasting, soothing scent that elevates the mood. The perfume gets its name from the address of Hermes' flagship store in Paris. It was created by Bernard Bourjois and Maurice Roucel, and packaged in elegant 1-oz St. Louis crystal bottles.

5. Clive Christian No. 1 - $2,150 per ounce

Clive Christian is a top maker of quality perfumes. He has created a number of popular scents among which the No. 1 takes the cake. This perfume was rated the most expensive fragrance in 2001 and 2006 when its original editions were launched. There are two flavors: Floral Oriental for women and Woody Oriental for men.

There is good reason for this fragrance's luxurious smell. Its top notes are made from thyme, cardamom, Sicilian mandarin nutmeg, lime, and bergamot. The heart notes are a combination of lily of the valley, rose, jasmine, ylang-ylang, and heliotrope. The base notes are a result of vetiver, vanilla, amber wood, cedar wood, and sandalwood. This enchanting perfume is packaged in a handmade crystal bottle that has a neck made of 24-karat gold-plated sterling silver, set with a solitaire.

4. Chanel Grand Extrait - $4,200 per ounce

Perhaps the most famous brand in the perfume industry, Chanel, created this amazing scent in 1921. It has become a treasure that is sought after by fragrance collectors and perfume connoisseurs. This feminine fragrance exudes the smell of fresh abstract flowers. It is packaged attractively in a masterly piece of artwork.

In 1921, Coco Chanel wished to create a unique perfume that cannot be copied. Designer Ernest Beaux obliged her by using expensive ingredients of that time such as superior ylang-ylang, Rose de Mai, and jasmine from Grasse. The fragrance was then enhanced with its signature feature which is a 1% overdose of aliphatic aldehydes, a chemical that improves scents.

3. Baccarat Les Larmes Sacrees de Thebes - $6,800 per ounce

Baccarat was originally a maker of impeccable crystal products and it entered the fragrance industry in the 1990s. This item is part is of its three exclusive limited-edition perfumes. Its fragrance is the result of a combination of myrrh, frankincense, musk, sandalwood, myrtle, basil, cardamom, ylang-ylang, geranium, jasmine, and amber, packaged delightfully in a unique pyramid-shaped crystal bottle.

The fragrance's name means "Sacred Tears of Thebes" and it was designed by Christine Nagel. One of the main reasons why it is so expensive is because the bottle is handmade by Baccarat experts and is capped by an amethyst crystal. The bottle has a bubble of yellow crystal blown inside that hosts the scent.

2. Clive Christian No. 1 Imperial Majesty Perfume - $12,721.89 per ounce

This enchanting and sophisticated fragrance for women is created by a combination of ingredients including Tahitian vanilla, ylang-ylang, rosa centafolis, Italian cinnamon, jasmine, orris root, and rose oil. You are sure to feel like the Greek goddess of love and beauty, Aphrodite, when you wear this perfume.

The fragrance is a creation of the renowned perfumer Roja Dave. Its highlight is the unique bottle that is a made of a material that is very hard to work with as it can easily break during the production process if due care is not maintained. The bottle's neck is made of 18-carat gold inset with a five-carat brilliant-cut diamond.

1. DKNY Golden Delicious Million Dollar Fragrance Bottle - $1 million

This record-breaking most expensive perfume was jointly created by renowned designer DKNY in collaboration with noted jewelry designer Martin Katz. The main reason for the exorbitant price is the one-of-a-kind bottle that contains a 2.43-carat yellow Canary diamond in the cap, 4.03-carat rose-cut diamond, 3.07-carat oval-cut ruby, 1.06-carat Paraiba tourmaline from Brazil, 4 rose-cut diamonds, 15 stunning pink diamonds from Australia, 7.18- carat oval Cabochon sapphire from Sri Lanka, 2,700 white diamonds, and 183 yellow sapphires.

Each stone was carefully hand placed and the entire manufacturing process took about 1,500 hours. But the hard work and diligence was worth it as the end result is a stunning image of the New York City skyline. This million-dollar perfume was created for a noble cause as the sale proceeds were donated to the 'Action Against Hunger' charity organization.

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Top 10 Most Expensive Perfumes In The World: Chanel No 5 Is Not The Top One! - Financesonline.com

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What is the most expensive perfume in 2018? It's a DKNY Golden Delicious Million Dollar Fragrance Bottle worth one million dollars. Much of the price though is not about what's inside the bottle, but the bottle itself, a cornucopia of gems from the famed jeweler Martin Katz.

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From the beginning of the Novel, Grenouille’s care takers though of him as a devil, being that he had no scent. Another evident thing was the fact that his mother died right after his birth. Not to mention, any main character who came into contact with Grenouille ended up dying? Do you think there is a correlation between his “devil” characteristics and people he comes in contact with inevitably dying?

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"With almost youthful elan, he plopped his wig onto his bald head, slipped into his blue coat, grabbed the candlestick from the desk, and left his study" (66).

NOUN
Energy, style, and enthusiasm.

Origin

Mid 19th century: from French élan, from élancer ‘to dart’, from é- ‘out’ + lancer ‘to throw’.

Pronunciation

elan/eɪˈlɒ̃//eɪˈlan/

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"Your grandiose failure will also be an opportunity for you to learn the virtue of humility, which—although one may pardon the total lack of its development at your tender age—will be an absolute prerequisite for later advancement as a member of your guild and for your standing as a man, a man of honor, a dutiful subject, and a good Christian" (77). 

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"Your grandiose failure will also be an opportunity for you to learn the virtue of humility, which—although one may pardon the total lack of its development at your tender age—will be an absolute prerequisite for later advancement as a member of your guild and for your standing as a man, a man of honor, a dutiful subject, and a good Christian" (77). 

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This passage sets out a number of Baldini's misconceptions about Grenouille. While Baldini is certainly correct that Grenouille experiences nothing close to humility (and never will), he incorrectly assumes that Grenouille desires to advance in the way that Baldini lays out here. Grenouille comes to understand that obtaining journeyman's papers through the guild is necessary for carrying out his goals, but he doesn't wish to be a famous perfumer per se. Honor is also a specific word that Grenouille doesn't understand, and will never possess. Finally, Grenouille also doesn't understand the ideas of religion or what it means at all to be a "good Christian." Rather, Grenouille conceptualizes himself as a god and a supreme ruler. Despite Baldini's gross mischaracterization of Grenouille, the fact that he does so provides Grenouille with an easy cover later. By pretending to want all these things that Baldini lays out here, Grenouille can deflect attention from his true goals, which would certainly horrify anyone, including Baldini.

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“He glided with wide-stretched wings down from his golden clouds” pg 127
The quote paints a heavenly picture, continuing the religious theme.  It’s interesting that Grenouille would be related to the devil, but then think of himself as a god.  It could possibly be referencing how Satan was thrown to hell because he tried to become greater than God.  As the novel progresses, Grenouille becomes more and more ambitious until his own creation results in his downfall.  This similarities are hard to ignore.
Tony Umemoto Prd 7

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“In some way or another he would have to pay for having got involved with this man” pg 109
This is foreshadowing Baldini’s death as Grenouille leaves his business.  However, this does also provide other valuable information.  This says that his death was directly from involvement with Grenouille.  This tells us that any death of a character who encounters Grenouille, no matter how coincidental it may seem, has causation in Grenouille most likely for thematic reasons.  Each death may serve different motifs or themes in the novel, and knowing that they are because of involvement with Grenouille May be useful to know.
Tony Umemoto Prd 7

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“Chenier would have regarded such talk as a sign of his master’s incipient senility” pg 89
Incipient - adj.  in an initial stage; beginning to happen or develop.
Tony Umemoto Prd 7

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"But his hand automatically kept on making the dainty motion, practiced a thousand times over, of dunking the handkerchief, shaking it out, and whisking it rapidly past his face, and with each whisk he automatically snapped up a portion of scent-drenched air, only to let it out again with the proper exhalations and pauses. Until finally his own nose liberated him from the torture, swelling in allergic reaction till it was stopped up as tight as if plugged with wax. He could not smell a thing now, could hardly breathe" (63-64).

Say what you will, I think Suskind is talking about masturbation.

Let’s look at the pattern that’s set up: person desperately wants public approval and love, person engages in highly secretive behavior involving frenetic, rhythmic activity that culminates in transporting loss of consciousness. What does that sound like to you?

If you happen to agree with me, why do you think that Suskind alludes to figurative masturbation? Is the practice of perfumery a sort of spiritual prostitution?

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“A child that has sulked its way to some permission granted and thumbs its nose at the limitations, conditions and moral admonition tied to it.” Pg 78
Admonition-n. authoritative counsel or warning.
Tony Umemoto Prd 7

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When Grenouille creates the human perfume, he enters a church after a wedding.
"He went into the church...and all at once great contentment came over him” and concluded to make “an angel’s scent” pg 154.  Religion has been a big theme throughout the novel, so I wonder how this scene taking place in a church effects its context.
Tony Umemoto prd 7

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"There was that upstart Brouet from the rue Dauphine, who claimed to have the greatest line of pomades in Europe; ..." (52-53).

NOUN
A scented ointment or oil for dressing the hair.

Origin

Mid 16th century: from French pommade, based on Latin pomum ‘apple’ (from which it was originally made).

Pronunciation

pomade/pəˈmɑːd//pəˈmeɪd/

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"...; or Calteau from the rue Mauconseil, who had managed to become purveyor to the household of the duchesse d’Artois;..." (53).

NOUN

1. A person who sells or deals in particular goods.

1. A person or group who spreads or promotes an idea, view, etc.

Pronunciation

purveyor/pəˈveɪə//pəːˈveɪə/

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"He staged this whole hocus-pocus with a study and experiments and inspiration and hush-hush secrecy only because that was part of the professional image of a perfumer and glover" (51).

ADJECTIVE
informal (especially of an official plan or project) highly secret or confidential.

Pronunciation

hush-hush/hʌʃˈhʌʃ/

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"He staged this whole hocus-pocus with a study and experiments and inspiration and hush-hush secrecy only because that was part of the professional image of a perfumer and glover" (51).

NOUN

1. Meaningless talk or activity, typically designed to trick someone or conceal the truth of a situation.

1. A form of words used by a person performing conjuring tricks.

2. US Deception; trickery.

Origin

Early 17th century: from hax pax max Deus adimax, a pseudo-Latin phrase used as a magic formula by conjurors.

Pronunciation

hocus-pocus/həʊkəsˈpəʊkəs/

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"The tick had scented blood. It had been dormant for years, encapsulated, and had waited. Now it let itself drop, for better or for worse, entirely without hope. And that was why he was so certain" (69).

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"The tick had scented blood. It had been dormant for years, encapsulated, and had waited. Now it let itself drop, for better or for worse, entirely without hope. And that was why he was so certain" (69).

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The narrator likens Grenouille to a tick throughout the novel, most often when Grenouille is a child and a young teenager. By comparing Grenouille to a tick, the narrator is able to build the narrative that Grenouille is not only ugly and a parasite of society, but functions and makes decisions based on little more than instinct and base desire. In this case, we see that Grenouille understands immediately and instinctively that he can learn everything he needs to know from Baldini and working in a perfume shop, and the skills he could learn there will allow him to fulfill his desires. Further, the comparison helps dehumanize Grenouille in the eyes of the reader. This creates a push-pull effect, as the reader is drawn towards empathizing with Grenouille in one moment, and in the next is seeing him as a parasitic, evil tick.

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Throughout the novel, Grenouille is repeatedly connected to the devil, whether it be through his character, events, or characters outright say he is.  The first noticeable instance is the wetnurse stating “He’s possessed by the devil...he doesn’t smell at all” pg 10

This quote sets up a relation between scent and holiness.
Tony Umemoto prd 7

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"The heat lay leaden upon the graveyard, squeezing its putrefying vapor, a blend of rotting melon and the fetid odor of burnt animal horn, out into the nearby alleys" (4).

ADJECTIVE
Smelling extremely unpleasant.

Origin

Late Middle English: from Latin fetidus (often erroneously spelled foetidus), from fetere ‘to stink’. Compare with fetor.

Pronunciation

fetid/ˈfiːtɪd//ˈfɛtɪd/

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"And after he had smelled the last faded scent of her, he crouched beside her for a while, collecting himself, for he was brimful with her" (43).

ADJECTIVE
predicative Filled with something to the point of overflowing.

Pronunciation

brimful/ˈbrɪmf(ə)l/

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"But he at once felt the seriousness that reigned in these rooms, you might almost call it a holy seriousness, if the word "holy" had held any meaning whatever for Grenouille..." (67).

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"But he at once felt the seriousness that reigned in these rooms, you might almost call it a holy seriousness, if the word "holy" had held any meaning whatever for Grenouille..." (67).

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Here, the reader is asked to consider Grenouille's relationship to religion itself and religious ideas in general. While Grenouille is said to have never understood words that signify non-concrete ideas, this alludes to the idea that he has some understanding of the ideas themselves if not the language that describes them. This also begins to draw a connection between scent, religion, and power. In Baldini's shop, Baldini (or Grenouille) has the power and ability to create scents. While Grenouille doesn't begin creating his most powerful scents until years after this moment, it's in Baldini's shop where he learns the language and the processes through which he can manufacture this power.

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"As prescribed by law, they give it to a wet nurse and arrest the mother" (Sunksind 6).

Wet nursing was reported in France in the time of Louis XIV. the mid 17th century. In 18th century France, approximately 90 percent of infants were wet nursed, mostly sent away to live with their wet nurses. A wet nurse can help when a mother is unable or unwilling to feed her baby.
-Chloe Kim (period 7)

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"Upon their arrival in Montpellier, he had Grenouille taken at once to the cellar of his mansion, and sent out invitations to all the members of the medical faculty, the botanical association, the
agricultural school, the chemophysical club, the Freemason lodge, and the other assorted learned societies, of which the city had no fewer than a dozen" (Sunksind 141).
-Chloe Kim (period 7)

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"THAT POLE, the point of the kingdom most distant from humankind, was located in the Massif Central of the Auvergne, about five days’ journey south of Clermont, on the peak of a sixthousand-foot-high volcano named Plomb du Cantal" (Sunksind 119).
-Chloe Kim (period 7)

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"Runel’s laboratory and shop fell far short of being so grandly equipped as Baldini’s perfume shop in Paris had been in its day" (Sunskind 148). -Chloe Kim (period 7)

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THERE WERE a baker’s dozen of perfumers in Paris in those days. Six of them resided on the right bank, six on the left, and one exactly in the middle, that is, on the Pont-au-Change, which
connected the right bank with the He de la Cite" (Sunksind 45).
-Chloe Kim (period7)

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"What he now felt was the fear of not knowing much of anything about himself"

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making a show of being morally superior to other people.

"He had always avoided so much as touching him, out of some kind of sanctimonious loathing, as if there were some danger than he could be infected or contaminated"
(Suskind 108)

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"When the House of Giuseppe Baldini collapsed, Grenouille was already on the road to Orleans."

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"When the House of Giuseppe Baldini collapsed, Grenouille was already on the road to Orleans."

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1. an alcoholic drink taken before a meal to stimulate the appetite.

"Sometimes, if this repulsive aperitif did not quite get him into stride, he would allow himself a brief, odoriferous detour to Grimal’s for a whiff of the stench of raw"(Suskind 124)

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excessive indulgence in sensual pleasures.

"T HE SETTING FOR these debaucheries was-how could it be otherwise-the innermost empire where he had buried the husks of every odor encountered since birth. " (Suskind 124)

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(of a woman) curvaceous and sexually attractive.

"What a sublime moment! Grenouille, the little man, quivered with excitement, his body writhed with voluptuous delight and arched so high that he slammed his head against the roof of the tunnel, only to sink back slowly and lie there lolling in satiation." (Suskind 124)

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When the nurse refuses to keep Grenouille because he has no smell and must be a "child of the devil” (Suskind 11), Father Terrier takes him in. But he is exasperated. He has tried to combat "the superstitious notions of the simple folk: witches and fortune-telling cards, the wearing of amulets, the evil eye, exorcisms, hocus-pocus at full moon, and all the other acts they performed”.Through different perspectives, Perfume be read as a critique of the eighteenth century's conception of itself.

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Grenouille is introduced as "one of the most gifted and abominable personages in an era that knew no lack of gifted and abominable personages" (Suskind 3). Does Süskind manage to make him a sympathetic character, in spite of his murders and obsessions? To what extent do his experiences shape his behavior and do you think he is inherently evil?

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“No longer distracted by anything external, he basked in his own existence and found it splendid. He lay in his stony crypt like his own corpse, hardly breathing, his heart hardly beating--and yet lived as intensively and dissolutely as ever a rake had lived in the wide world outside.” (Suskind 123)

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“No longer distracted by anything external, he basked in his own existence and found it splendid. He lay in his stony crypt like his own corpse, hardly breathing, his heart hardly beating--and yet lived as intensively and dissolutely as ever a rake had lived in the wide world outside.” (Suskind 123)

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The diction, “dissolutely” by himself, Süskind utilized to describe Grenouille establish solid foundations for him to become a serial killers. This display the identity of egoism that he can only find happiness in creating a world in which he himself dominates. In contrast, nothing in the world that is outside of his head, gives similar satisfaction.

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They were uncommonly proud. For the first time they had done something out of love. (Suskind 255)

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They were uncommonly proud. For the first time they had done something out of love. (Suskind 255)

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By exposing Grenouille using entire bottle of his perfume to commit suicide, Suskind efficiently indicates Grenouille never experienced interpersonal love himslef, but targeted those individuals who inspired love in others. Consequently, the perfume create a scents, allowing the victims of inspring love in Grenouille. The ending of the novel depict the mob consumes Grenouille since the scent of the perfume of twenty-five young women combines allows the desire to exist. This display the ultimately darkness of all human desires.

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“And though his perfume might allow him to appear before the world as a god”

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“And though his perfume might allow him to appear before the world as a god”

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Although Grenouille became a god after applying his perfume, his final decision of suicide in Paris demonstrate his lost in identity. As his understanding of the world is so intensely tied up to scent, Grenouille feels he cannot understand himself unless he can smells the scent of himself. This eventually allow him to give up on life and the world.

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"the odour came rolling down the rue de Seine like a Ribbon"

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"the odour came rolling down the rue de Seine like a Ribbon"

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cj

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"It was not he who followed the scent, but the scent that captured him" 

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"It was not he who followed the scent, but the scent that captured him" 

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CJ

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While this is a horror scene happening, Sunskind portrays Grenouille's lack of humanity and shows how ghost like by lacking a scent. Which is reality scent to us is the core of what we are towards others.
CJ

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"he did not need to see, the scent led him"

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"he did not need to see, the scent led him"

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This is interesting because earlier father Terrier states that "only a fool sees with his nose" which brings up the Aristotelian Philosophy that sense such as taste and smell were animalistic and the prehistoric ways of knowing even if sight was more of a reliable source

CJ

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"so called firebulls spewed showers of burning stars into the river"

The author uses imagery in a disgusted matter to describe a celebration of fireworks conveying Grenouille's contempt for the convention

cj

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adjective
1. being, relating to, or appropriate for a virgin
noun
2. an early spinet with the strings parallel to the keyboard, typically rectangular, and popular in the 16th and 17th century houses

"All of a sudden there were delightful bright flutterings in their dark souls. And their faces was a delicate, virginal glow of hapiness"
(sunksind 255)

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Noun
1. A legal agreement, contract, or document

"legitimate, birth, to have relatives of like standing, and to have a certificate of indenture, all of which he lacked" (Sunksind 106)
CJ

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"His gifts  and sole ambition weer restricted to a domain that leaves no traces in history to the fleeting realm of scent" (Suskind 3)
CJ

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"...Grasse [is] where there were as many perfumers as shoemakers, some of them so rich they lived like princes, in magnificent houses with shaded gardens and terraces and
wainscoted dining rooms where they feasted with porcelain and golden cutlery, and so on...." (Sunskind 97).
-Chloe kim (period 7)

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"He had come because he knew that he could learn about several techniques for production of scent there better than elsewhere" (Sunskind 166).
-Chloe Kim (period 7)

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"Finally, he traveled only by night" (Sunskind 117).
-Chloe Kim (period 7)

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"They had formed a circle around him, twenty, thirty people, and their circle grew smaller and smaller. Soon the circle could not contain them all, they began to push, to shove, and to elbow, each of them trying to be closest to the center" (Sunskind 254)
-Chloe Kim (period 7)

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adjective.
-- (of a wound or sore) forming pus; septic.
--(of food or waste) rotten and offensive to the senses.

"He helped bear the patient up the narrow stairway with his own hands, despite his unutterable disgust at the pustules and festering boils" (Sunskind 102).
-Chloe Kim (period 7).

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"Tumult and turmoil" (Sunskind 5).

The words used are simple and effective but still clear enough to give a precise understanding of the events. By utilizing alliteration, the author adds weight on the great disturbance and confusion of the circumstances.
-Chloe Kim (period 7)

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noun.
a scented ointment applied to the hair or scalp.

"And after that he would take his valise, full of old-fashioned soaps, scent bags, pomades, and sachets and make his rounds among the salons of doddering countesses" (Sunskind 64).
-Chloe Kim (period 7)

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"And since she confesses, openly admitting that she would definitely have let the thing perish, just as she had with those other four by the way, she is tried, found guilty of multiple infanticide, and a few weeks later decapitated at the place de Greve" (Sunskind 6).

The description of the execution practice of Grenouille's mother, who is found guilty of multiple infanticide, reveals the legal system in 18th century France.
-Chloe Kim (period 7)

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noun.
a feeling of doubt or hesitation with regard to the morality or propriety of a course of action.

"...he would swallow and, God help him, would curse himself for being this woman’s father and not some stranger, not some other man, before whom she lay as she lay now before him, and who then without scruple and full of desire could lie down next to her, on her, in her" (Sunskind 200).
-Chloe Kim (period 7)

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“People are stupid and use their noses only for blowing, but believe absolutely anything they see with their eyes, they will say it is because this is a girl with beauty, grace and charm" (Sunskind 171)

Do you agree with Grenouille that sense of smell is more worth than the sense of sight?
-Chloe Kim (period 7)