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a category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter.

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35 mm film is the film gauge most commonly used for motion pictures and chemical still photography. The name refers to the width of the film

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a type of camera with two objective lenses of the same focal length. One of the lenses is the photographic objective or the lens that takes the picture, while the other is used for the viewfinder system.

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big film size. Large format cameras use sheet film sized 4x5" or larger because in photography, the bigger the film size, the better the quality.

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the gelatin silver print or gelatin developing out paper (DOP) is a monochrome imaging process based on the light sensitivity of silver halides. ... The image is then made permanent by treatment in a photographic fixer, which removes the remaining light sensitive silver halides.

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a keeper or custodian of a museum or other collection.

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a public display of works of art or items of interest, held in an art gallery or museum or at a trade fair.

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the action of framing a shot. arranging/composing your picture

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a room or building for the display or sale of works of art

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the exclusive legal right, given to an originator or an assignee to print, publish, perform, film, or record literary, artistic, or musical material, and to authorize others to do the same.

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marks that go between two points

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two dimensional - height and width and no

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Color has three different elements which are the hue, saturation, and value

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A form is a three dimensional shape with height, width, and depth.

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Texture is how the surface of something feels in real life

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The lightness or darkness of a color

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distances and areas around, between, and within

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Balance refers to the visual weight of the elements of the composition. It is a sense that the painting feels stable and "feels right." Imbalance causes a feeling of discomfort in the viewer.

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Variety is about varying elements and objects in your image, to avoid making them boring. Variety can also be varying your angles, exposure, composition, etc., to get a few different looks to the same image.

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Pattern is the uniform repetition of any of the elements of art or any combination thereof. Anything can be turned into a pattern through repetition.

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Proportion is the visual size and weight of elements in a composition and how they relate to each other.

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Movement is the result of using the elements of art such that they move the viewer's eye around and within the image. A sense of movement can be created by diagonal or curvy lines, either real or implied, by edges, by the illusion of space, by repetition, by energetic mark-making.

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Unity refers to how well the elements of a design work together. Visual elements should have clear relationships with each other in a design. Unity also helps ensure concepts are being communicated in a clear, cohesive fashion. Designs with good unity also appear to be more organized and of higher quality and authority than designs with poor unity.

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Emphasis is when the artist creates an area of the composition that is visually dominant and commands the viewer's attention. This is often achieved by contrast.

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symmetry around a central axis, as in a starfish or a tulip flower

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made up of exactly similar parts facing each other or around an axis; showing symmetry

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having parts which fail to correspond to one another in shape, size, or arrangement; lacking symmetry.

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an act or instance of placing two elements close together or side by side. This is often done in order to compare/contrast the two, to show similarities or differences, etc.

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containing or using only one color

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existing in thought or idea but not having a physical or concrete existence

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used to describe any color that is calm or soothing in nature. Cool colors are not overpowering and tend to recede in space Examples of cool colors include green, blue

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used to describe any color that is vivid or bold in nature. Warm colors are those that tend to advance in space and can be overwhelming. Examples of warm colors include red, yellow and orange

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two colors that are on opposite sides of the color wheel

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defined as those colors to which you can't give a definite color name. These colors include beige, cream, ivory, white, grey, brown and natural wood

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photos are divided into thirds with two imaginary lines vertically and two lines horizontally making three columns, three rows, and nine sections in the images. Important compositional elements and leading lines are placed on or near the imaginary lines and where the lines intersect.

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the idea is that by using the golden ratio, you are creating an image that is naturally more pleasing to the eye.

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refers to a technique of composition where the viewer of your photos attention is drawn to lines that lead to the main subject of the image. A leading line paves an easy path for the eye to follow through different elements of a photo.

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refers to the main objects in the frame

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Negative space is the area between and around objects in a photo.

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an impersonal image not influenced by feelings, interpretations or prejudice. To create an unbiased photographic image or documentary

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simply being a visual art. it is based on your perception rather than judgments from other peoples perspective/based on or influenced by personal feelings, opinions, etc

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the process of offering valid and well-reasoned opinions about the work of others, usually involving both positive and negative comments, in a friendly manner rather than an oppositional one.

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the practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own

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a symbol, word, or words legally registered or established by use as representing a company or product.

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relating to moral principles or the branch of knowledge dealing with these

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refers to the main source of light behind the photography subject. ... The subject is then placed in the middle of the light and the camera. This creates a certain glow effect at the edges or at the back of the subject

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to soften it by reducing glare and harsh shadows. ... Diffused light can bring out the best in your photography subjects by minimizing blemishes and wrinkles. It can also be used to create a very soft, cinematic look. There are a number of ways to diffuse light.

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refers to any form of light that the photographer did not add to their image, and can include both "natural" ambient sunlight, or "artificial" ambient light such as a nearby street light, lamp, or similar

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the effect of light modeling in painting, drawing, or printmaking, where three-dimensional volume is suggested by the value gradation of color and the analytical division of light and shadow shapes—often called "shading"

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Silhouette photography is a wonderful way to convey drama, mystery, emotion and mood in a picture. A silhouette is defined as a view of an object or a scene consisting of the outline and a featureless interior, with the silhouetted object usually being black.

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originally a pair of paintings hinged together. ... has become a popular format. Pairs of closely associated portraits, images or themed pictures are often used to off-set one another.

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usually arranged with a plain border between them. The work may consist of separate images that are variants on a theme, or may be one larger image split into three

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a picture element. Every photograph, in digital form, is made up of pixels. They are the smallest unit of information that makes up a picture. Usually round or square, they are typically arranged in a 2-dimensional grid. ... As you can see, the pixels approximate the actual image.

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the period of twilight when the Sun is at a significant depth below the horizon and residual, indirect sunlight takes on a predominantly blue shade, which differs from the one visible during most of a clear day, which is caused by Rayleigh scattering

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the period of daytime shortly after sunrise or before sunset, during which daylight is redder and softer than when the Sun is higher in the sky. The opposite period during twilight is blue hour, just before sunrise or after sunset, when indirect sunlight is evenly diffused.

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a standard way that information is encoded for storage in a computer file. It specifies how bits are used to encode information in a digital storage medium

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A camera's raw image file contains unprocessed or minimally processed data from the image sensor of a digital camera

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a layered image file used in Adobe PhotoShop. PSD, which stands for Photoshop Document, is the default format that Photoshop uses for saving data. PSD is a proprietary file that allows the user to work with the images' individual layers even after the file has been saved.

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a format for compressing image files

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Tagged Image File Format, abbreviated TIFF or TIF, is a computer file format for storing raster graphics images, popular among graphic artists, the publishing industry, and photographers

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a mode in a digital camera where the camera's software fully controls all aspects of the photograph, from the shutter speed to the aperture setting to the focus

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a mode that lets you manually control shutter speed, aperture, and ISO

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a setting on some cameras that allows the user to set a specific aperture value while the camera selects a shutter speed to match it that will result in proper exposure based on the lighting conditions as measured by the camera's light meter.

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you can fiddle with the shutter speed and aperture combo. Whether you choose Auto or Program, the camera chooses an aperture and shutter speed combination that will give you a good exposure.

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mode that lets you specify a shutter speed and leaves the camera to figure out everything else (aperture, ISO/ASA). Choose Tv mode when you want to control motion in your shot

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measures the sensitivity of the image sensor. By choosing a higher ISO you can use a faster shutter speed to freeze the movement.

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a grainy veil in a photograph, obscuring details and making the picture appear significantly worse.

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measurements of film speed, or sensitivity to light. a scale created by the American Standards Association, but it is no longer widely used.

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the random optical texture of processed photographic film due to the presence of small particles of a metallic silver, or dye clouds, developed from silver halide that have received enough photons

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an electronic device that converts an optical image into an electronic signal. It is used in digital cameras and imaging devices to convert the light received on the camera or imaging device lens into a digital image

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(Digital Single Lens Reflex) A digital still image camera that uses a single lens reflex (SLR) mechanism

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a set of data describing and providing information about rights and administration of an image. It allows information to be transported with an image file, in a way that can be understood by other software and human users

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a small image that represents a larger one. Thumbnails are often used to provide snapshots of several images in a single space. ... Since digital thumbnails represent a larger version of the same image, they also usually serve as a link to the larger image

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“Straight Out Of Camera”, simply meaning that an image can be good enough to print straight from the camera without further processing.

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is an image stabilization technology that minimizes blur caused by camera shake

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a specific part of the frame where the camera is able to focus on something. When looking through the viewfinder, these points are denoted by small squares clustered around the centre of the frame.

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the general technique of taking several shots of the same subject using different camera settings. ... Autobracketing is a feature of many modern cameras. When set, it will automatically take several bracketed shots, rather than the photographer altering the settings by hand between each shot.

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the vertical bar under the scale, known as the exposure level indicator, predicts a photo's exposure, relative to the standard exposure, taken with the current meter reading and using the currentexposure settings. In autoexposure modes, the exposure level indicator stays pegged in the middle

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used to alter exposure from the value selected by the camera, making photographs brighter or darker. ... Exposure is a matter of personal preference, and an exposure brighter or darker than that selected by the camera may sometimes better reflect the photographer's intent.

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a shooting mode in still cameras. In burst mode, several photographs are captured in quick succession by either pressing the shutter button or holding it down.

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how the size of the aperture is measured. The f-number of an optical system is the ratio of the system's focal length to the diameter of the entrance pupil. It is a dimensionless number that is a quantitative measure of lens speed, and an important concept in photography

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the unit of measurement that defines the size of the opening in the lens that can be adjusted to control the amount of light reaching the film or digital sensor. The size of the aperture is measured in F-stop

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the aesthetic quality of the blur produced in the out-of-focus parts of an image produced by a lens.

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the distance between the closest and farthest objects in a photo that appears acceptably sharp. Now your camera can only focus sharply at one point

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The focal length of the lens is the distance between the lens and the image sensor when the subject is in focus, usually stated in millimeters In the case of zoom lenses, both the minimum and maximum focal lengths are stated, for example 18–55 mm.

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shutter speed is the length of time when the film or digital sensor inside the camera is exposed to light, also when a camera's shutter is open when taking a photograph. The amount of light that reaches the film or image sensor is proportional to the exposure time.

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an exposure setting that is used when seeking to use a shutter speed of more than 30 seconds. Generally, this would be used in extremely low light situations, such as taking photos of the night sky

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the apparent streaking of moving objects in a photograph or a sequence of frames, such as a film or animation. It results when the image being recorded changes during the recording of a single exposure, due to rapid movement or long exposure

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a term used to define the act of accidentally shaking a camera during shooting due to unsteady hands, which results in blurry images. This generally occurs more often if you're shooting on a low shutter speed or with a heavy lens, and can be avoided by using a tripod and cable release setup

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tripod: a tripod is used to stabilize and elevate a camera, a flash unit, or other photographic equipment. All photographic tripods have three legs and a mounting head to couple with a camera

monopod: a tripod is used to stabilize and elevate a camera, a flash unit, or other photographic equipment. All photographic tripodshave three legs and a mounting head to couple with a camera

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the process that the camera uses to remove color casts produced by these different color temperatures and helps your camera emulate what our eyes do naturally when dealing with white. Auto White Balance sometimes give very close results to what you see with your eyes.

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It is a time when there is a very low level of ambient light but just enough blueness to the sky to give interest to the scene. It is a particularly powerful time of day for photographing cityscapes, where the neon lights can create stunning shots of the architecture whilst providing some definition to the scene

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out of sunlight slight darkness or shelter from the direct light of the sun made by something blocking it a plant that needs a lot of shade in the shade (of something)

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a cloudy or overcast day produces really soft light that can be flattering on the human face. ... Sometimes Most of the time overcast light is actually pretty boring and removes any and all contrast from your scene

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refers to an artificial lighting source (like a lamp or ceiling fixture) that emits heat and produce a “warmer” or reddish color.

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the tungsten setting of the digital camera cools down the color temperature in photos

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producing a flash of artificial light (typically 1/1000 to 1/200 of a second) at a color temperature of about 5500 K to help illuminate a scene. A major purpose of a flash is to illuminate a dark scene. ... Modern cameras often activate flash units automatically.

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adjusting colors so that the image looks more natural

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a dark area where light from a light source is blocked by an opaque object. It occupies all of the three-dimensional volume behind an object with light in front of it.

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That range of tones which lie between highlights with detail and shadows with detail