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Preschool education is represented by nurseries, kindergartens and special schools for the disabled. Take from 3 to 6 years. The wearing of uniforms by kindergarten students is mandatory.

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Children from the age of 6 are enrolled in primary education institutions. Primary education is compulsory. Primary school education lasts for 6 years. It teaches the following subjects: Japanese, arithmetic, music, art, physical education, basic life skills, humanities, natural sciences. Unlike Russian schools, elementary schools in Japan are named after the localities in which they are located, not by numbers. Schools are built of reinforced concrete on high ground due to the danger of earthquakes and tsunamis. Most of the houses have a standard architecture.

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Children from the age of 12 years are admitted to the institutions of the lower secondary education. Students can attend the school in absentia from the age of 15. Primary and secondary education is compulsory. Secondary school education lasts for 3 years. Compulsory subjects include: State language, humanities, mathematics, natural sciences, music, fine arts, physical education, labor, and English. There is also a class hour dedicated to the study of the history of the region, pacifism, and school activities. There are no national textbooks. The relevant textbooks are selected by the educational committees of the municipal districts or the school management. The wearing of uniforms and cleaning by the students of the school is mandatory.

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The senior high school is represented by the senior high school technical schools. Children aged 15 and over are enrolled in institutions of higher secondary education. The form of training is full-time. Despite the fact that high school is not compulsory, more than 96% of students attend it. Education in the upper secondary school lasts 3 years. There is a specialization in the humanities and natural sciences. The main goal of training is to enter the university. The subjects taught in the upper secondary school include: State language, humanities, society, mathematics, English, art, and computer science. Specialized subjects to choose from are agronomy, industry, trade, fishing, medical training, welfare, foreign languages, etc. Other subjects are also taught in private schools. The appropriate textbooks are selected by the educational committees of the municipal districts or the school management. The wearing of uniforms and cleaning by the students of the school is mandatory. After school, students participate in extracurricular activities (clubs), studying kendo, judo, kyudo, calligraphy, athletics, and political economy.

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Higher education involves four years of study for a bachelor's degree. Sometimes a six-year program is offered to achieve a specific professional degree. There are 2 types of universities: 96 national universities and 39 state universities. There is practically no free higher education in the country. As of 2011, out of a total of 2880000 students at Japanese universities, only about 100 received a Japanese government scholarship. Scholarships are given only to the most talented and most unsecured students, and they are issued with a condition of return and the cost of training is not fully covered. According to the «QS World University Rankings», the top thirty universities in Asia in 2015 included: University of Tokyo (12th place), Osaka University (13th place), Kyoto University (14th place), Tokyo Institute of Technology (15th place), Tohoku University (20th place), Nagoya University (21st place), Hokkaido University (25th place), Kyushu University (28th place).