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Referred to schools that provided education for the average person, begun by Horace Mann, and the effort to fund schools in every community with public dollars. The start of systematic public schools in the United States.

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2. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

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2. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

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A landmark 1954 Supreme Court Case that stated separate, segregated educational facilities were unequal and unconstitutional.

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This 1974 case ended in a unanimous decision to allow bilingual instruction to help non-English speakers improve their language skills. This would help ensure that these students received equal education.

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Passed in Massachusetts in the 1640s, this law required parents to educate their children and this would be the framework for public schools.

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A 2001 decision whose goal was to provide equal educational opportunities for disadvantaged students. Set up standardized testing and help schools responsible for student scores.

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In 1862 the First Morrill Act established land-grant institutions. In 1890 the Second Act called for nondiscrimination in college admissions or ''separate, but equal'' institutions.

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In 1785 every township was divided into 36 sections with one dedicated to public school maintenance. In 1787, Congress emphasized that schools and education will forever be encouraged.

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A group dedicated to the spread of progressive education in American public schools from 1919 to 1955. The group focused on instruction in elementary schools.

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Embodies the notion of comprehensive education, key themes of American education.

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Serve as divides/transitions from elementary to high school education. Junior highs group grades 7, 8, and 9 whereas middle schools involve grades 6, 7, and 8.

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In 1847 Michigan courts ruled that schools districts could tax the public for financial support.

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The ''children's garden'' where children's activities (songs, stories, etc.) were used to lay a foundation before formal education.

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A landmark 1896. Supreme Court decision that stated racial segregation under the “separate but equal” doctrine was constitutional. As a result, Jim Crow laws and segregation became common.

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Catered to the increase of students in the 1700s who desired more than an elementary-level education, but not interested in college.