# data[].attributes.body
Advantages of ISDN:

1. ISDN provides a higher data transfer rate.
2. Can connect devices and allow them to operate over a single line. This includes credit card readers, fax machines, and other manifold devices.
3. It is up and running faster than other modems.

# data[].attributes.body
In terms of speed, DSL is faster than ISDN. DSL sends data packets with speeds ranging from 128Kbps to over 100 Mbps using latest DSL standards such as VDSLv2. On the other hand, ISDN comes in two different speeds i.e., 64Kbps and 128Kbps.

# data[].attributes.body
Asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) is a type of DSL broadband communications technology used for connecting to the Internet.

ADSL allows more data to be sent over existing copper telephone lines (POTS), when compared to traditional modem lines. A special filter, called a microfilter, is installed on a subscriber’s telephone line to allow both ADSL and regular voice (telephone) services to be used at the same time.

# data[].attributes.body
It offers multiple digital services that operate through the same copper wire

Digital signals broadcast through telephone lines.

ISDN provides a higher data transfer rate.

Can connect devices and allow them to operate over a single line. This includes credit card readers, fax machines, and other manifold devices.

It is up and running faster than other modems.

# data[].attributes.body
The process of setting up ISDN involves:

1. Loading the modem driver disk and programming the modem
2. Pointing the modem toward the right phone numbers
3. Setting your connection speeds for each line
4. Directing your modem to dial your ISP (Internet Service Provider) — this phone number should be provided by your ISP
5. If necessary, set your modem for BONDING (the ability to access higher speeds by allowing your modem to dial both phone numbers at once)

# data[].attributes.body
ISDN (IntegratedServices Digital Network):
ISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network system that transmit both data and voice over a digital line. These digital lines can be copper wires. ISDN is able to provide better speeds and higher quality than traditional connections. Faster speeds and better connections allow data transmissions to travel more reliably. Setting up ISDN is something you’ll want to work on with your Internet Service Provider (ISP). A lot of the steps can easily be done from your home. DSL transmits data far faster than an ISDN line can. DSL sends its packets at speeds up to 100 Mbps, while ISDN tops out around 128 Kbps. While both of these provide the same service, they do so in radically different ways.
Advantages of ISDN:
It offers multiple digital services that operate through the same copper wire

Digital signals broadcast through telephone lines.

ISDN provides a higher data transfer rate.

Can connect devices and allow them to operate over a single line.

It is up and running faster than other modems.
Disadvantages:
External power supply is required.
If the ISDN fails - the phone fails.
It is very expensive than the other typical telephone system.

# data[].attributes.body
ISDN: Used over copper cables in telephone lines. it is used in landlines & has a max speed of 12KBps. It is faster than other modems.

# data[].attributes.body
ISDN or Integrated Services Digital Network is a circuit-switched telephone network system that transmits both data and voice over a digital line.
It was designed to move outdated landline technology to digital.

ISDN connections have a reputation for providing better speeds and higher quality than traditional connections. Faster speeds and better connections allow data transmissions to travel more reliably.

# data[].attributes.body
Advantages of VoIP:

Lower costs: companies/individuals save costs by adopting a VoIP phone system

Increased accessibility: allows people to be flexible while travelling anywhere

Clearer voice quality: when you have fast stable internet connection, voice quality can be clear with no latency issues, lags or call dropouts

# data[].attributes.headline
Discuss the reasons why people use the internet for communication

# data[].attributes.subject
Discuss the reasons why people use the internet for communication

# data[].attributes.body
Abdullah

Why people use the internet:
•Individuals can send emails to each other to get a reply rapidly.
•Communication between organizations using instant messaging,Voice over IP and video confrencing
•Social networking which helps to communicate with friends and family member

Why people do not use the internet:
•People do not want their younger ones to access the internet because of the aspects of esafety.
•People can be uneducated making it hard to use the internet
•People who reside in rural areas do not use the internet

Conclusion:
People prefer face to face contact as communicating that way seems more reliable.One example we can take of today's day is that we are having online meetings where some people dont put in much effort for their lessons as they would if they went to school.

# data[].attributes.body
Audio Quality might have issues if the connection isn't stable
Power Outages: While operating VOiP, if the power goes out, then you no longer have internet connection.

# data[].attributes.body
Cost savings as u only pay for the internet connection
Improved productivity as communication system can be used remotely or flexibly.

# data[].attributes.body
Internet is a massive network of networks, a networking infrastructure and WWW is a way of accessing the information over the medium of the internet (Seratul)

# data[].attributes.body
News all around the world can be shared through Internet regardless the location you are in. Users can sign up for different news website and can get news alerts on their device. The news can be filtered to the user's needs.
Advantage: No need of a typical news paper as you get all the news feed on your device
Disadvantage: Some users may not have internet or some users are not used to technology.

# data[].attributes.body
Adv: It provides data services while roaming.
Larger geographical areas can be covered than by using a single transmitter.
Disadv: It is more expensive to set up cellular network infrastructures.
The use of frequency must be carefully planned to avoid interference between cells.

# data[].attributes.body
News services are organizations that collect and
broadcast news stories for subscribers. Users can sign up
for news alerts using a smart phone application . Some
services allow news stories to be filtered out so that only
news that covers topics a user is interested in is sent to
their smartphone.

Advantages include:
-->Newspapers cannot update themselves, because they are physical, When an article is online, it can be updated automatically, so all updates are instant and there is no need to wait for these to be put in place.
-->It is more economical compared to all other methods of news distribution, as all that is needed is a journalist, and a website for the journalist to post the article on. With newspapers, paper is necessary; so many trees have to be cut down. Also, there is the need of ink, large printers, and distributors as well as the journalist who investigates an event.
-->It’s (mostly) free, unlike buying newspapers which can cost.
-->Online news services have the ability to make articles more interactive. Videos can be embedded into articles alongside text and pictures when the article is virtual; it is impossible to embed videos in newspapers because they are physical, and cannot be edited.
-->News articles from around the world can all be accessed from one place – there is no need to switch between multiple websites to get news from different countries.

Disadvantages include:
-->Just because the article is online, it doesn’t mean it is no longer biased. Most media is biased – views expressed are almost always one sided
--> Websites could crash if lots of people try accessing them for a major news story; if the site crashes, nobody can access it for a short while,
-->Some technical issues regarding the website could occur, resulting in the website having to go offline temporarily. This will ultimately mean that people will not be able to access the website, and so could turn to competitors of the offline news site.

# data[].attributes.body
Mobile Networks is a communication network, which can be used for transmission of voice, data and other type of content.
Example: mobile phone network enables wireless communication using mobile phones, smart phones or tablets.

# data[].attributes.body
The World Wide Web is an information system comprising documents,images,videosand sounds.It uses the internet as its base.Users access this information through websites and web pages, which are accessed through the use of a web browser

# data[].attributes.body
The currently deployed wireless
networks such as GSM, CDMA and LTE are known as cellular networks. In cellular network, the entire area is divided into smaller size cells to connect mobile subscribers with RF frequency to provide voice/data services.
Mobile network benefits:

increased ability to communicate in and out of the workplace.

the ability to accept payments wirelessly.

improved networking capabilities.

Mobile network technologies:

4G - fourth-generation data transmission services deliver high data rates equivalent to fast broadband networks

3G - third-generation data transmission services deliver fast data rates equivalent to standard broadband networks

global positioning system (GPS) - allows the position of a device to be precisely located

short messaging service (SMS) - text messaging

multimedia messaging services (MMS) - allows the sending and receiving of other communications such as images, audio and video

global system for mobile communication (GSM)/general packet radio service (GPRS) - data transmission services carried over cellular networks

5G is the 5th generation mobile network. It is a new global wireless standard after 1G, 2G, 3G, and 4G networks. 5G enables a new kind of network that is designed to connect virtually everyone and everything together including machines, objects, and devices.

# data[].attributes.body
The World Wide Web is a computer system which links documents and pictures into a database that is stored in computers in many different parts of the world and that people everywhere can use. The abbreviations WWW and the Web are often used.

# data[].attributes.body
Communication over the internet allows users to send & receive messages in different mediums using the internet.

One advantage of communicating over the internet is that it's very convenient; users can quickly send & receive messages from one singular device and from anywhere they want so as long as they are connected to the internet (Messaging, VOIP etc)
Another advantage is that it makes certain jobs easier such as banking. Customers don't need to visit the bank physically nor carry all sorts of documents as they can easily be sent directly from their home/office to the bank using messaging services.

However, one disadvantage of communicating over the internet is a potential privacy breach. Data being transferred between peers & servers could be intercepted and compromised. This is especially a problem with personal details being transmitted such as passport documents.
Also, people may lose their jobs due to automation in their industry of communication jobs such as customer service.

Overall, the internet can greatly enhance convenience & make communication easier in both day to day life as well as in enterprises, but privacy concerns are still at large despite many encryption standards in place.

# data[].attributes.body
advantages of VOIP

Lower costs.

Increased accessibility.

Complete portability.

Advanced features for small and large teams.

Clearer voice quality.

Supports multitasking.

More flexibility with softphones.

# data[].attributes.body
Advantages:

News are updated 24/7

Unlike when watching the news on TV, or when listening to it on the radio, online news services allow the user to choose which articles they hear, watch, or read. This is useful, as people don’t “waste their time” on articles that don’t interest them – they only get informed about what does interest them.

Disadvantages:

People without access to the internet can't receive the news

Difference between ISDN and DSL

ISDN and DSL work over the same kind of network, but the main difference is that the ISDN has to actually dial out to achieve a connection for data to flow through. DSL does not need to dial out, and as a result, the user can make calls while connected to the Internet.

# data[].attributes.body
+increased ability to communicate in and out of the workplace

+greater access to modern apps and services

+improved networking capabilities

# data[].attributes.body
VOiP technology allows user to have voice communication just as a telephone system.
VOiP could either work internally across a network or externally by making use internet to carry data transmission.
An Example is Skype where internet is used to communicate instead of telephone line

# data[].attributes.body
Advantage:
1.  enables users to communicate with other users on the internet through the use of smartphones
2.  Various number of radio frequencies that could be used for mobile communications.
3. Mobile broadband connections do however run at faster speeds than most home wireless broadband plans and also and offers more flexibility.

Disadvantage
1.  Security concerns‐ Mobile VPNs are unsafe to connect to, and also syncing devices might  also lead to security concerns. accessing a WiFi network can also be risky because  security can be bypassed easily.
2. Due to high power usage, mobile networks take up a lot of battery.

# data[].attributes.body
A mobile network is a wireless WAN that uses radio to transmit and recieve communication from portable devices.
Advantages:
It has allowed users to communicate with each other and access the internet while on the go.
Large geographical areas can be covered than using  a single transmitter. By using several low powered transmitters, it can cover large geographical areas even though high powered transmitters are limited in range.
The use of multiple transmitters means network is more robust.
Disadvantages:
Quality of reception can vary and can be poor towards edge of a cell, leading to interruptions.
There are several generations of mobile networks:
1G: the first generation of mobile networks used analogue signals.
2G: the second generation switched from analogue to digital improving quality that also connected with other users.
3G: third generation networks increased data transmission speeds upto 2 Mbps allowing faster internet access, etc.
4G: this generation is five times faster than 3G network and can provide transmission speed upto 100 Mbps. All mobile devices after 2013 or at support this generation of network. Users of 4G can experience less buffering, higher voice quality, etc.
5G: it is still in making and is hugely  anticipated in the mobile industry. The bandwidth of 5G can be upto 10Gbps or higher (100 times higher than 4G) with a frequency of almost 30 Ghz. As well as being more reliable, has hugher security lower buffering.

# data[].attributes.headline
Discuss the adv and dis advantages of mobile networks

# data[].attributes.subject
Discuss the adv and dis advantages of mobile networks

# data[].attributes.headline
Communication using the internet -news services.

# data[].attributes.subject
Communication using the internet -news services.

# data[].attributes.headline
Communication using the internet - voice over IP (VOiP)

# data[].attributes.subject
Communication using the internet - voice over IP (VOiP)

# data[].attributes.body
Unit 6. Using networks
6.03 The World Wide Web
6.04 Communication using the internet
6.05 Mobile networks
6.06 Video and web conferencing