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A United States Supreme Court case from 1896 that upheld the rights of states to pass laws allowing/even requiring racial segregation in public and private institutions such as schools, public transportation, restrooms, and restaurants.
Context: Influenced by Jim Crow Laws.

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The Supreme Court ruled that Americans of African descent, whether free or slave, were not American citizens and could not sue in federal court.
Context: It was during the abolitionist movement.

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16th President of the United Sates, of whom saved the union during the American Civil War and emancipated the Slaves.
Context: Civil war was during his term.

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Famous conductor in the Underground Railroad and was a runaway slave.
Context: Pro-abolitionist movement and helped slaves escape.

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The fourth chief justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.
Context: His opinions led foundation for the constitutional law.

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Leader in the drafting of the constitution, he worked tirelessly for its adoption by the states, contributing several essays to the Federalist Papers and was a member of the Continental Congress.
Context: His wave of terms brought up nationalism due to the war of 1812.

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Principle author of the Declaration Of Independence and served as president from 1801 to 1809, between John Adams and James Madison.
Context: Thomas Jefferson was the third president of the United States.

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English philosopher that argued against the belief that human beings are born with certain ideas already in their minds.
Context: He influenced the Declaration Of Independence.

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English politician and colonizer.
Context: Founded Maryland as a place for catholic refugees in the 1600s.

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Aimed at separating the racing in the south.
Context: Rooted from Plessy v. Ferguson.

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A tax required as a qualification for voting.
Context:Many African American couldn't pay this tax which was disenfranchisement).

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United States federal government agency established in 1865 to aid freed slaves in obtaining relief, land, jobs, fair treatment, and education.
Context: Congress established the Bureau of Refugees(Freedmen and abandoned lands.

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An amendment to the , United Sates constitution, ratified in 1870 prohibiting the restriction of voting rights "on account of race,color, or previous condition of servitude."
Context:The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

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An amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1868, defining national citizenship and forbidding the states to restrict the basic rights of citizens or other people.
Context: The amendment grants citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States, which included former slaves who had just been freed after the Civil War.

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An amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1865, abolishing slavery.
Context: Passed when south surrendered in 4 year battle.

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Rebuilding the South after th Civil War.
Context: Dealt with issues of former slaves and confederates.

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Executive order issued on January 1, 1863 by President Lincoln freezing slaves in all portions of the United States not then under control.
Context: Lincoln issued the proclamation when Northerners began to agree that slavery had to end.

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To end system of slavery , especially in the south.
Context: Helped influence the cause of the civil war between south and north.

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A protest religous movement during the early 19th century in the United Sates.
Context: Emerged as a response to making organized religion more accessible to common man.

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The belief of doctrine, held chiefly in the middle and later part of the 19th century.
Context: Several east-to-west routes had been made.

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Members of the church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day saints, a religion founded in the United States in 1830 by Joseph Smith Jr.
Context: Violent religious persecution forced Mormons to move westward.

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The route along which the United States government forced several tribes of Native Americans including the Cherokees, Seminoles, Chickasaws, Choctaws, and creeks to  migrate  to reservations west of the Mississippi River in the 1820s, 1830s, and 1840s.
Context: Migrates faced hunger, disease, and exhaustion which created hostility between whites and Native Americans.

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A principle of the United states Policy that any intervention by external powers in the politics of the Americas is a potentially hostile act against United States.
Context: Became concerned about Russia's growing interest in the American Northwest.

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A treaty signed with France in 1803 by which the United Sates purchased for $15,000,000 the land extending from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains and from Canada to the gulf of Mexico.
Context: Thomas Jefferson couldn't buy territories as a president but did so anyways which went against the constitution.

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Review by the United States Supreme Court of the Constitutional validity of a legislative act.
Context: It formed sense of checks and balances.

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The clause in the 1st amendment of the United States Constitution  that prohibits the establishment of religion by Congress.
Context: Influenced first amendment of bill of rights of freedom of religion.

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Citizens are allowed to worship their religion freely without government interference.
Context: Influenced 1st amendment of Bill of Rights.

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First 10 amendments to the United States constitution ratified in 1791 and guaranteeing such rights as the freedoms of speech, assembly, and worship.
Context: Guaranteed freedoms of  speech , religion, and press.

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Power divided between federal(national) government and state government.
Context: Provided limited government and popular sovereignty.

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Those who opposed of the consitution because they wanted important political powers to remain with the states.
Context: Believed a Bill of Rights needed to be created.

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Those who supported the constitution and supported removing some powers from states to national government.
Context: Proposed a single person(president) to lead executive branch.

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An agreement that large and small states reached during the Constitutional Convention of 1787.
Context: The 2 houses: House of reps and senate would solve the issue representation in congress(New jersey plan and Virginia plan)

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The original constitution of the United States, ratified in 1781.
Context:The articles created a loose confederation (union) of independent states and a weak central government, leaving most of the power with the state governments.

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The Declaration Of Independence states that all men have the right to life,liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
Context: Locke believed that the only reason for the existence of government was to preserve natural rights and, by extension, man’s happiness and security.

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The formal statement written by Thomas Jefferson declaring the freedom of the 13 American Colonies from Great Britain.
Context:The 13 Colonies joined together and fought the British under the guidance of George Washington which ended the revolutionary war in 1783.

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It was he first time a colony overthrew its mother country.
Context:The success in america inspired revolutions in Europe and Latin America.

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An organization of American Colonists that was created in the thirteen American Colonies.
Context: Colonists along with the sons of liberty went aboard the ships Beaver, Dartmouth, and Eleanor and dumped boxes of British Tea into the Boston Harbor as a form of protest.

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A seven year war betweeen England and the American colonies,against the French and some of the Indians in North America.
Context: The cost of war and of controlling the newly acquired territories was high and the British looked to the Colonies o help pay those costs.

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An act of vesting the legislative, executive, and judicial powers of government in separate bodies.
Context:A fundamental principle of the United States Federal Government in which each distinct branch, the legislative, executive and judicial, can check and balance the other to prevent the concentration of power.

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Intellectual movement from the 1700s-1800s that brought about new ideas of  government.
Context: Thomas Jefferson and other founding fathers were inspired by these ideals which resulted in them along with colonists seeking independence from England.