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Dramatic Irony: When the audience knows of a situation that one or many characters do not.

Verbal Ex: In a scary movie a character enters a house, but the audience knows the killer is in the house

Visual:

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By: Lanham Hoffert and Ethan Feldkamp.

Allegory-

Definition- An Allegory is a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one.

Example-

“A man inherited a field in which was an accumulation of old stone, part of an older hall. Of the old stone some had already been used in building the house in which he actually lived, not far from the old house of his fathers. Of the rest he took some and built a tower. But his friends coming perceived at once (without troubling to climb the steps) that these stones had formerly belonged to a more ancient building. So they pushed the tower over, with no little labour, and in order to look for hidden carvings and inscriptions, or to discover whence the man's distant forefathers had obtained their building material. Some suspecting a deposit of coal under the soil began to dig for it, and forgot even the stones. They all said: 'This tower is most interesting.' But they also said (after pushing it over): 'What a muddle it is in!' And even the man's own descendants, who might have been expected to consider what he had been about, were heard to murmur: 'He is such an odd fellow! Imagine using these old stones just to build a nonsensical tower! Why did not he restore the old house? he had no sense of proportion.' But from the top of that tower the man had been able to look out upon the sea.”
― J.R.R. Tolkien, Beowulf and the Critics
Propaganda--

Definition- Information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view.

Example-

The USA put out posters saying, "Buy war bonds, and we can win"
Propaganda Visual Example and Explanation- This picture shows a propaganda image during WWII saying we will do this. That wasn't a for sure fact, but it was used to keep moral up

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Logical Fallacy and Testimonial - Luis and Daniel

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Logical Fallacy and Testimonial - Luis and Daniel

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Logical Fallacy: A contradictory statement in an argument resulting in disproving the argument.

Ex. "You are the worst of men; therefore, what you say is false."

Testimonial: A statement someone says mostly in a commercial/Ad. However, it may not be a true statement.

Ex. "This product will make you lose weight."

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By: Ian Thornbrugh, Tyler Burkhardt

Post Hoc: to occur or happen after an event has transpired; if X follows Y, then X is caused Y

Verbal Example: The government shutdown occurred last week. Lots of citizens are losing their jobs and money. Therefore, people are losing their jobs and money because of the government shutdown.

Explanation of Visual: The man became sick after he ate the hamburger last night. Therefore, the hamburger is what caused him to become sick.

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By: John Follis Aubrey Cavey

Fable- A short story, typically with animals as characters, conveying a moral.

Verbal Example - Slow and steady wins the race

This picture is from The Tortiose and the Hare. It is an example of a fable. The characters are animals and the moral is slow and steady wins the race.

Fear-  A person attempts to create support for an idea by using deception and propaganda in attempts to increase dear and prejudice toward a competitor.

Verbal example- This years presidential election.

Explanation of visual- Donald Trump has been known to run a fear based campaign, scaring the American people into voting for him.

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By: Brynn Thomas and Cameron French

Hasty Generalization: Making a conclusion based on bias or that is not logically justified by evidence.

Verbal Example: Trump states that all mexican immigrants bring drugs, crime, and are rapists. He has an extremely negative stance against mexican immigrants and believes they are all bad people.

Explanation of visual: This picture is hasty generalization because the small areas of the elephant are seen in isolation and then labeled as something they're not. The ear of the elephant looks like a palm leaf, so it is labeled as it. There is no evidence that it is a palm leaf, it is just hastily pointed out to be a palm leaf.

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By Luke Ericksen and Kamren Nunnally

Definition - A story that is longer than a short story but shorter than a novel.

Examples - Three Little Pigs, Little Red Riding Hood, Goldilocks

Visual Example - The visual example is a picture of the book "Heart of Darkness," a novella by Joseph Conrad.

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By Luke Ericksen and Kamren Nunnally

Definition - A figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant.

Example - "Wow you guys sure have a lot of money," said the police man as he looked in the empty bank safe.

Visual Example - The bug, even though it was raining, said the weather was the nice. Verbal irony is when you say something sarcastically, but you mean the opposite.

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By: Evan Martin and Jordan Carpenter

Definition: Attacking someone verbally based on emotion and your opinion of them, rather than the argument at hand.

Verbal Example: In the political debate, Hillary Clinton stated that she was unable to stay on topic due to Trump constantly attacking her about her past failures.

Explanation of Visual:
In the visual, the goose on the left is trying to explain how both geese are related to the ducks in some way. Though, the duck on the right won't listen, because he won't get over the fact that he eats corn.

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By Joshua Pointer and Brycen Barbour

Satire: using humor, exaggeration, and parodies to target or reveal peoples flaws or stupidity. Often used about present day issues and politics.

Verbal Ex:
"When I was a boy, I was told anyone could become president. Now I'm beginning to believe it."

Visual:

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By: Owen Mayes and Tayler Butters

Bandwagon: Encouraging a group of people to go the way you want because other people are doing so.

Verbal Example: The neutral voters decided to vote for Trump because the majority of America was doing so.

Visual explanation: This picture shows other people getting into the car to go to work because other people were doing so.

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Name calling ties a person to a largely perceived negative image to arouse fear and bad feelings about someone.
Verbal example: In a campaign speech to a logging company, the Congressman referred to his environmentally conscious opponent as a "tree hugger."
Explanation of visual: The picture is name calling because the poster is calling the politician a hypocrite meaning that he doesn't do what he says he will do.  It's attaching a negative image to the person by using a word that will make him look bad.