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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Roman_architecture

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greek_architecture

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Appealed to most Romans due to how it promised everyone salvation and offered a sense of community

Attracted all classes, but mostly the poor

Constantine made tolerance for Christianity in the Edict of Milan

Theodosius made it the official religion

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The Roman Republic is loosely based on democracy

Arts

Sculpting

Architecture

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The ideas of democracy were from Greece, which we base our democracies off of

The arts created in Classical Greece affected the art today in Western cultures

Beauty over realism

Dramas

Sciences

Astronomy

Biology

Geology

Physics

Philosophy

Ethics

Politics

Logic

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After 2 unsuccessful invasion by Persia

Pericles created direct democracy in Athens

Athens spread empire abroad

Caused Peloponnesian War

Sparta beat Athens

Weakened Greece

Allowed Macedonia to take power

Had lots of art and culture that affected western culture today

Used to express eternal ideals

Architecture and sculpting

Invented the drama

Many philosophers; Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle

Improved thinking

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Had monarchy, then oligarchy

Solon got rid of land debts and freed enslaved people

Cleisthenes created a new council of 500

Foundation of democracy

Affected most western cultures today

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Sparta was an oligarchy with two kings who led the army, and there was a group of five elders were elected to teach the young and the conduct of citizens.

Men in Sparta would be trained in warfare at a young age and would stay in the army until the age of 60.

Woman had more freedoms due to this.

Sparta would turn away from the outside world to prevent new ideas from coming in.

Made them had conflicts with Athens

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After Mycenae fell, Greece came into a difficult time, with a decline in population and food production.

Few records of this time

Works of Homer appeared

The Iliad and the Odyssey.

The Iliad  is about the Trojan War and how a Trojan Prince, Paris, stole Helen, who was the wife of King Agamemnon of Sparta. The Spartan king then attacked Troy and captured it ten years later.

The Odyssey is about a Greek hero named Odysseus after the fall of Troy.

These masterpieces were looked on as history and taught children to be proud of Greece.

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Started when Philip II came to power

Admired Greek culture

Conquered them

Had them form a league to take down Persia

Philip was assassinated before campaign

Alexzander the Great took power

Conquered Persia

Took land all the way to India, but was stopped there

Died on the way back to Macedonia

4 kingdoms came after

Rulers encouraged spread of Hellenistic ideals

These were the basis of western culture

http://www.greek-thesaurus.gr/hellenistic-kingdoms.html

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After the Dark Ages city-state, which is polis in Greek, became the center of life in Greece.

Included a city, town or village and the land around it. They would meet in the cities for political, social, and religious activities.

The acropolis was the fortified area on top of a hill that they used for protection and religious actions.

Below was a open market called an agora.

The polis was a community of people with rights and responsibilities.

The governments varied in each city-state, from democracy to oligarchy.

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The rocky and mountainous terrain caused early Greeks to be separated from one another.

The vast amount of water around them it caused them to become seafarers.

The first large Greek civilization was Mycenae. They were an Indo-European people who moved to Greece.

Ruled by powerful monarchies, which lived in fortified palaces on top of hills due to competition

Had military adventures to Crete and Troy.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycenae