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Story sequence is a sequencing skill that contributes to the students ability to comprehend what they read. Sequencing refers to identifying the components of the story-- the beginning, middle, and end. It also gives the student the ability to retell the events within a given text in which order they occurred. The ability to sequence events in a text is a key comprehension strategy. Sequencing is also an important component of problem-solving across subjects.
Advantages:
- Story sequence can be used in other subjects as well as reading.
- Can be used as an assessment tool to assess what the student remembers from the text.
Disadvantages:
- If the student does not comprehend the text, then sequencing can become difficult for the student.
Scaffolding for ELL:
For an ELL student, I would model this strategy by using a book with clear text to help the student understand each component.
http://www.readingrockets.org/strategies/story_sequence

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A word wall is a collection of wordds that are displayed within the classroom. Word walls are generally found on a wall, bulletin board, or other display surfaces. A word wall is designed to be an interactive tool for students. This tool can be utilized during reading and/or writing. The words that are displayed on the word wall can be words that the students have learned throughout a lesson, while reading a book, or that a student has seen and is curious about the word and its meaning. Some word walls can be displayed with the students creation of the word and its meaning drawn on a card or by the teaching hanging the typed word up.
Advantages:
- Word walls are to the students advantage to use while they are reading and/or writing.
- The word wall is displayed in the classroom at all times.
- Students can add their own creative touch to remember the meaning of the word.
Disadvantages:
- If the student gets to add a word with their own touch to illustrate the meaning, not all students understand it the given way.
Scaffolding for ELL:
To scaffold for an ELL student, I would provide the student with a word wall of their own that would be added on for each new word. The ELL student would be able to draw pictures by each word on the paper to help with recognition.

http://www.readingrockets.org/content/pdfs/World_Walls_-_A_Support_for_Literacy_in_Secondary_School_Classrooms.pdf

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Story board is a teaching strategy that helps students keep track of the main idea and supporting details in a narrative by having them illustrate scenes from the story. Story boarding can be used when texts are read aloud, or it can be used to help students summarize and retain the main idea of the story the have read to themselves. Story boards can be used for any type of story.
Advantages:
- Helps students retain the information from the text.
- A informative organizer that students can look back on and remember the key details of the story.
Disadvantages:
- The text on the story board can become very unorganized causing the student not to understand what they have written.
- Story boards are not meant to have a lot of details, therefore the students may not have enough room to write or the knowledge to remember a while later what the details where.
Scaffolding for ELL:
For an ELL student, I would all the student to draw pictures of how they vision the main idea and details instead of writing the information from the text.

https://www.facinghistory.org/resource-library/teaching-strategies/storyboard

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Readers theater is a dramatic presentation of a written work in a script form. Readers for a "script" and reading parts are divided among others in the readers theater group. During readers theater there are no costumes, memorization, or sets needed. This type of literacy strategy can easily be presented in kindergarten through third grade classrooms. The focus of this activity is reading the text with expressive voices and gestures. It also makes comprehending text meaningful and fun for students.
Advantages:
- It helps students build oral fluency.
- Enhances students' reading fluency.
Disadvantages:
- Some students may have a fright of reading in front of others causing the student to stutter, ect.
Scaffolding for ELL:
For an ELL student, I would have the student rehearse to me or another student beforehand. This would give the ELL student practice before starting the activity to ensure the student has full understanding of the text.
http://www.teachingheart.net/readerstheater.htm

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RAFT means: Role of the writer, Audience, Format, and Topic witha strong verb. RAFT is a writing strategy that helps students understand their role as a writer, the audience they will address, the different formats of writing, and the topis in which they will be writing about. When using this strategy, teachers encourage their students to write creatively, to look at the topic from a different point of view, and gain practice writing for different audiences. RAFT can be used in many different setting: small group settings, whole group settings, and individual settings.
Advantages:
- Allows students to learn all the different parts of writing.
- Allows students to be creative when writing to different audiences.
Disadvantages:
- Could be confusing for students because all of the different topics it talks about at one time.
Scaffolding for ELL:
For an ELL student, I would the student to use role playing to explain the different aspects of RAFT writing.
http://www.readingrockets.org/strategies/raft

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Learning logs is an on-going way for students to reflect upon what they are learning and what they have learned. Learning logs can be used for just one lesson or it can be used for on-going lesson/learning experience. Teachers can also use learning logs to assess their students to make sure the student is understanding the material that is being presented to them. A typical learning log is a sheet of paper that can be kept inside a binder. Questions that may occur are about what they have learned, how they learned the objective, and any questions the student may have from what they learned.
Advantages:
- This is a great way for the teacher to assess what the student has learned.
- Students are putting what they have learned in their own words so that when they refer back to the learning log they are still able to understand.
- This type of strategy can be an on-going strategy for an on-going lesson.
Disadvantages:
- This type of strategy is worksheet based, therefore the students are not very engaged.
Scaffolding for ELL:
For an ELL student, I would allow them to draw pictures of what they learned in that lesson instead of writing.
http://www.literacytoday.ca/spip.php?page=article&id_article=168

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Grand conversation is a student led conversation about a story where students ask the questions, discuss their thoughts and feels, and making meaning when they talk about the story. Conversations are characterized by questions the students ask to one another. Grand conversation is a way for students to think in different ways and to know the joy of reading. Students learn that making meaning comes from their knowledge and experiences to the story.
Advantages:
- Students have the chance to learn from other students' knowledge and experiences.
- It is a student led conversation, therefore some students may understand the concept by having another student explain it.
Disadvantages:
- Because it is a student led conversation, conversations may become off topic.
- Some students may not understand the content because other students are trying to "teach" or help a student.
Scaffolding for ELL:
For an ELL student, I would put the student in a group and have that group write down what they discussed. Although the ELL student may know what the other students are talking about, it will allow the ELL student to read back through and hopefully fully comprehend.
https://readingrecovery.org/images/pdfs/Conferences/NC09/Handouts/McGee_Inger_Grand_Conversations.pdf

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In-Out Circle is a learning strategy that can be used for literacy. To form an In-Out Circle you have to start by splitting the class up in half. Both halves will make a circle, but one half must be inside of the other. The students that are inside the circle should turn to face the students that are on the outside of the circle. Questions should be asked and answered between the student right across from you in the circle. After the students are done with question one the inside circle with move over one person to being another question.
Advantages:
- Students have the advantage to learn from other students.
- Helps the students engage in meaningful conversation.
- This strategy can be used to quiz each other over vocabulary and so on.
Disadvantages:
- Could confuse the students the first couple times it is used on the classroom, therefore it would be time consuming.
- Students could become easily distracted in conversation and start talking off topic.
Scaffolding for ELL:
For an ELL students I would give simple, easy to follow instructions.
http://www.theteachertoolkit.com/index.php/tool/inside-outside-circles

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Jigsaw is a teaching strategy that helps students create their own learning. Teachers group students up and each member is assigned a different topic. Students then group with other members around the class that have the same assigned topic. Those groups then learn about the topic. The groups will then break back into their original groups. Each member will teach their assigned topic to their group. The students "piece together" a clear understanding of the overall topic.
Advantages:
- Students have the advantage to learn from other students.
- It gives each student the responsibility to teach their peers.
Disadvantages:
- When students are in the group that has each member learning/teaching the same thing, each student may not participate.
-If the students that is teaching their group about the topic does not understand the topic, then none of the students will learn.
Scaffolding for ELL:
For an ELL student I would have his/her group members use a chart to draw and/or write what they are discussing that way it is verbal and visually available.
http://www.educationworld.com/a_curr/strategy/strategy036.shtml

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Talking drawings are pictures that a students draws to reciprocate what he/she already knows about a given topic. After the completion of the drawing the students get into pairs to talk about what they have drawn and what it means to them. New information is then presented to the students. After discussing the new information the students then add to their drawing about what they have just learned. The students then get into pairs again and discuss what they have added and why.
Advantages:
- Students have the advantage to learn from other students.
- Helps students make a meaningful connection to the topic.
- If this strategy is used during a long topic or book, the picture can be added onto after each lesson or chapter.
Disadvantages:
- Time consuming for the students to complete each time the picture is being added onto.
- Does not allow students to write notes unless specified by the teacher.
Scaffolding for ELL:
For an ELL student I would model the activity along with giving simple verbal instructions.
http://www.lec.ie/media/docs/talking%20drawing.pdf