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first open heart surgery in the 1950's which has progressed to heart transplants that occur today.

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the structure of DNA and research in gene therapy. these studies began the search for gene therapy to cure inherited diseases.

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Holistic health treats the whole body, mind and spirit. This form of care recognizes each patient as a unique person with different needs. This makes the patient comfortable while still retreiving the treatment needed.

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Geriatic care is care for the elderly. This has caused a large number of individuals who are experincing longer life spans because of advances in health care.

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Home health care is services provited at a patients home. This is a form of cost containment and is very important becuase not only are the patients saving money but they are doing it all in the comfort of there own home.

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X-rays, medicines, and vaccines were invented to prevent disease development. X-rays help view the body and the medicines were such as insulin for diabetes and antibiotics to fight infections. With this many causes of disease were identified.

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In the 1840s, Ignaz Semmelweis encouraged physicians to wash their hands with lime after performing autopsies and before delivering babies to prevent puerperal (childbirth) fever, but the idea was resisted by hospital and medical personnel. this is important because now people take these sanitation percotions.

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Theodor Fliedner started one of the first training programs for nurses in Germany in 1836, which provided Florence Nightingale with her formal training and many others like her.

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The sethoscope allowed the physicians to listen to internal body sounds, which increase their knowledge of the human body.

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Major progress in medical science occuered because of the development of machines. These machines (such as x-rays and the eqipment used in making blood transplants) moved medical science up by a land slide

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The small pox vaccine was discovered causing the average life span to increase to 40 to 50 years.

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Apothecaries made prescriptions and sold them; this was the start of drug stores.

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The invention of the microscope allowed physicians to see organisms that are too small to be seen by the human eye.

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printing press allowed publication of medical books, because of this knowledge spread more rapidly and Physicians were more educated.

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Physicians could now view body organs and see the connections between different systems in the body. This allowed a better understanding of anatomy and physiology.

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Romans incuraged the use of sewers for waste and waterways for clean water. This was becuase the Romans realized that some diseases were connected to contaminated water and poor sanitation.

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Hippocrates established the importance of diet and cleanliness in order to prevent illnesses and disease. This helped establish that disease is caused by natural causes not by supernatural spirtis.

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Health records were first recorded by the Egyptions. Many people counldn't read, so knowledge was limited to a eduacted few. Most of these records were recorded by priests who acted as physicians.

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People used to believe that the reson for illness was because of evil/ demons. They believed it was a way for the gods to punish them. This shows how big of a role religon played on disease.

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Herbs were used as medicines; some of those herbs are still being used in modern medicines.