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Harambe-the western lowland gorilla shot and killed by Cincinnati Zoo officials on Saturday -wasn't acting with abnormal aggression when he dragged a young child around after the boy fell into his enclosure.

"It's difficult to say whether this was an aggressive display toward the crowd or a playful interaction," says Terry Maple, an expert in animals' psychological responses to captivity and the former head of Zoo Atlanta. "[But] I don't think there was any real aggression toward the child."

In fact, he leans toward interpreting Harambe's behavior as playful, similar to the way adult male gorillas sometimes play with their offspring.

"To tell you the truth, what I saw in that film looked normal to me-in other words, normal gorilla behavior," he says. "Sometimes, when male [gorillas] steal babies, they will grab them by the ankle or the hand and run around with them."

Despite Harambe's normal-looking behavior, Maple says that he thinks the Cincinnati Zoo ultimately made the right, albeit difficult, decision to shoot the gorilla.

The move has been lambasted by animal rights groups because western lowland gorillas are critically endangered. There are fewer than 95,000 individuals in the wild, and their numbers have declined by at least 60 percent in the past 20 to 25 years. Commercial hunting for the bush-meat and wildlife trade, along with outbreaks of Ebola, have caused their numbers to drop precipitously since the 1980s. About 765 of the gorillas live in captivity in zoos.

Maple says that the zoo's primary concern was, and should have been, the child's life-not the motive behind Harambe's behavior.

"I feel terrible for the people who made that decision, but I think there's unanimity in the zoo world that they would have done the same thing," Maple says. "The public needs to have an understanding that it's a difficult, complex situation."

Frans de Waal, a primatologist at Emory University, agrees, noting that while Harambe at times appeared to act protectively, zoo officials were left with no other choice than to shoot him.

"The more I think about it, and the more evidence surfaces, the fewer viable options I see that they had," he wrote in an email. "There was not the luxury of wait-and-see. A gorilla is so immensely strong that even with the best of intentions-and we are not sure that Harambe had those-the child's death was a probable outcome."

Harambe's immense strength would have made even playful behavior dangerous for the child, says Maple, and the enclosure made sedating Harambe challenging and highly risky, requiring a particularly long shot with a tranquilizer dart gun.

What's more, sedatives take several minutes to set in, potentially agitating Harambe and increasing the risk of the child getting hurt or killed. The enclosure's moat, a buffer zone, also posed a drowning risk.

Maple emphasizes, however, that the tragic incident has left zoo professionals-especially the Cincinnati Zoo's-in a profound state of mourning.

"Those of us who work with [gorillas], we love them," Maple says. "It's as if a human died."

Read more stories about wildlife crime and exploitation on Wildlife Watch. Send tips, feedback, and story ideas to ngwildlife@natgeo.com.

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Harambe's Behavior May Have Been Normal Gorilla Play

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Harambe-the western lowland gorilla shot and killed by Cincinnati Zoo officials on Saturday -wasn't acting with abnormal aggression when he dragged a young child around after the boy fell into his enclosure. "It's difficult to say whether this was an aggressive display toward the crowd or a playful interaction," says Terry Maple, an expert in animals' psychological responses to captivity and the former head of Zoo Atlanta.

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a. Behavioral: The overbearing gorilla was acting aggressively towards a small child. Typically, when the zookeepers see any animal approach something in this manner, it is violent.

b. Biological: Perhaps the zookeepers remember a story of a time the gorilla killed the child. Therefore, the person’s brain may have prompted the individual to protect the child.

c. Cognitive: Most of the bystanders would have thought by the gorilla’s behavior that he was attempting to harm the small child.

d. Evolutionary: We have evolved to protect our children and since we though the gorilla was going to harm the children, we felt it was our responsibility to kill it.

e. Humanistic: The bystanders would have felt awful and that they would never again be accepted if they did not kill the gorilla and the kid was killed.

F. Psychodynamic: Deep down(Unconsciously), perhaps the zookeepers felt the need to protect and feel important to some degree. This is perhaps from where the aggression comes from.

G.  Social-cultural: Most people value the lives of animals less than that of our own.

Link: "Harambe's Behavior May Have Been Normal Gorilla Play." National Geographic. National Geographic Society, n.d. Web. 24 Aug. 2016. <http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/05/harambe-gorillas-behaviors-zoos-animals/>.

Summary: A gorilla believed to be acting to aggressively towards a student that fell inside the habitat of the gorilla was shot and killed.

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Ryan Lochte "Over-exaggerates" Olympics Robbery

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Ryan Lochte "Over-exaggerates" Olympics Robbery

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Story of robbery involving Ryan Lochte was not fully factual when described by the Olympian, and we have learned he actually vandalized a gas station.

Romero, Simon. "Ryan Lochte Apologizes ‘For My Behavior’ After Rio Robbery Claim." The New

York Times. The New York Times, 19 Aug. 2016. Web. 24 Aug. 2016. http://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/20/sports/olympics/ryan-lochte-apology-rio-olympics.html?_r=0

A. Behavioral: He feared how the rest of the world would think of him if they found out what really happened that night.

B. Biological: Since his thought was impaired due to alcohol he was unable to perceive things as he normally would causing him to take different actions.

C. Cognitive: He was drunk and his thinking was impaired; therefore, he was not able to correctly perceive what was happening.

D. Evolutionary: His actions showed poor cognitive processing, as we know the effects of alcohol in the human body normally causing a lesser ability to process information and what happens around you.

E. Humanistic: As an Olympian, Ryan Lochte is in the public eye and needs to be accepted and successful to stay in the public eye. Because of this he feared that people finding out what happened would hurt his image and he would be rejected from the public eye.

F. Psychodynamic: He was drunk, so mentally he was not there. He acted this way because he was not fully conscious of what he was doing.

G: Social-Cultural: Nearly all cultures around the world that know of this story are coming together and defaming the (arguably) second-most famous American swimmer.

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A suspected Isis attack happened at a wedding in Gaziantep, Turkey that left over 50 people dead. Supposedly it was a 12 year old suicide bomber, but officials are not completely sure.

Dearden, Lizzie. "Turkey Bombing." The Independent. Independent Digital News and Media, 23 Aug. 2016. Web. 24 Aug. 2016.

Behavioral- they are modeling the behavior their families have portrayed and they are rewarded for these behaviors
Biological- maybe they have genes that favor aggression
Cognitive- Anger could have clouded his judgement on why he decided to bomb the wedding.
Evolutionary- Natural selection has favored traits that promote the traits that make you naturally aggressive
Humanistic- their self fulfillment means spreading their religion, so these acts were to prevent the spread of other religions.
Psychodynamic- outlet for his unconscious hostility and anger
Social- Cultural- culture and the rise of isis has led to the spread of violence and encouraged the bombing

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Orlando Shooting - In June 2016 a shooter walked into an orlando gay club and ended up killing 49 people and injured 53 people, because of his ISIS ties. 

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Orlando Shooting - In June 2016 a shooter walked into an orlando gay club and ended up killing 49 people and injured 53 people, because of his ISIS ties. 

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A. Behavioral - He could of learned this behavior from media.
B. Biological - The frontal lobe is not fully developed.
C. Cognitive- His thought process through his islamic religion.
D. Evolutionary - Aggression helped men survive over time.
E. Humanistic - Wanted to be accepted in islamic culture.
F. Psychodynamic-  His unconscious aggression was led to the shooting.
G. Social-cultural- his family background.
Work Cited:
"49 Killed in Florida Nightclub Terror Attack." CNN. Cable News Network, n.d. Web. 24 Aug. 2016.

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1. Find a current event from the summer and provide a brief summary.
2. Cite the article in MLA format.  Easybib.com is a great resource to help you!
3. For each of the following perspectives, explain how someone working from that perspective would explain the current event that you selected.
A. Behavioral
B. Biological
C. Cognitive
D. Evolutionary
E. Humanistic
F. Psychodynamic
G. Social-cultural
Page 12 in the text will be a huge help!