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Stephen A. Douglas tried to reunite the split Southern and Northern wings of the Democratic party and open the way for a trans- continental railway through the Northern territories.

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In 1842, the U.S Supreme Court declared a Pennsylvania state law that forbade the seizure of escaping slaves which was against the law, there was displeasure in the North. Then a system was developed called the "underground railroad" system which was developed by the white and free black abolitionists in the North to help escaping slaves to escape into safe Northern states or Canada. Harriet Tubman helped slaves escape via the Underground Railroad.

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By 1787, the Northwest Ordinance forbade slavery in the Northwest territory which was recently ceded by Britain.  By January 1, 1808, slavery started dying out in the North and started decreasing slowly in the South when the U.S constitution prohibited slave trade. By 1830, one million more lived in the free states than in the slave states, and by 1840 the difference was almost two million. Slavery started decreasing fast. Spain abolished slavery immediately and then Mexico did as well in 1829. Slavery was finally stopped by the Abolition Act of 1833.

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The Institution of Slavery was the practice of enslaving black people. By 1770, about one-sixth of the entire population of the colonies consisted of blacks. The slaves harvested crops and started making vast quantities of cotton using Whitney's cotton gin while not receiving any reward for their labor.