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FL learners draw hypotheses about the system, apply the rules and modify them according to the feedback they receive. Learners require a great deal of input to contrast their productions. .

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The child’s interpretation of the world comes from the feedback provided by the reactions of the people around them. Very important the role of the context and interactions in early childhood. According to this perspective, linguistic interaction promotes cognitive development. .

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Language acquisition is not a simple process of imitation, infants create sounds which are given by the reactions of those around them and which gradually become closer and closer to adult language. .

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Although the theories of Skinner, Chomsky and Piaget are all very different and very important in their own contexts, they don't necessarily take into account the fact that children don't encounter language in isolation. This theory proposes that language exists for the purpose of communication and can only be learned in the context of interaction with adults and older children. .

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Emphasis is on the collaborative nature of learning and the importance of cultural and social context.

•All cognitive functions are believed to originate in, and are explained as products of social interactions. .

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This theory states that, children's language reflects the development of their logical thinking and reasoning skills in stages, with each period having a specific name and age reference. There are four stages of Piaget's cognitive development theory, each involving a different aspect of language acquisition

Stages:

•Sensory- Motor Period (0-2 years)

•Pre-operational period (2-7 years)

•Operational Period (7-11 years)

•Formal operational (+11 years)
...

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In this view, the interaction with the environment has an important role but not for language development per se, but for intellectual (cognitive) development. This achieved “matureness” or cognition level is what will allow the learner develop linguistic skills.

Language is only one of the many human mental or cognitive activities and many cognitivists believe that language emerges within the context of other general cognitive abilities like memory, attention and problem solving because it is a part of their broader intellectual development...

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Far from seeing learning as a passive assimilation of given knowledge, one of the authors, Piaget, rejected the idea that proposed that learning is a dynamic process comprising successive stages of adaption to reality during which learners actively construct knowledge by creating and testing their own theories of the world....

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This theory relays more on the child’s cognition capacity while the other one on the social context around him...

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Interactionism is also known as Constructivism as it considers learning an active process rather than a passive one in which the learners just receive and assimilate. Instead, by their physical interaction with the world, they “construct” new knowledge over pre-existing one, by creating and testing their own theories...

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The language children are exposed to at early ages includes false starts, incomplete sentences and yet they are able to distinguish between grammatical and ungrammatical sentences. So children are born with a specific innate ability to discover for themselves the underlying rules of a language system on the basis of the samples of a natural language they are exposed to. This ability contains all the principles that are universal to all human languages: Universal Grammar..

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The children don’t need to be taught. Speaking is like walking, and most children walk at about the same age, which is something essential in all human beings. The environment makes only a basic contribution..

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Language competence allows children to be creative, to generate as language users and to understand an infinite number of sentences, most of which have never heard before..

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Language develops in the child just the same way that other biological functions develop (the ability to walk).
Language is a rule-based system, not a form of behaviour..

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They argued that children are biologically programmed for language (we all have a LAD, an innate linguistic ability in our mind)..

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"My tailor is rich". What does this really mean? Not much. How real could this be? Not much. But it was a perfect structure to present the 3rd person singular in present)

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They wanted the students to repeat a structure without paying too much attention to the meaning, so by this repetition the student would learn the structure so well she would be able to export it to any other context when they need it

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Mistakes are immediately criticised and correct utterances immediately praised.
They were very respectful to science and, because of this, they wanted to teach everything in a very scientific way.
Mistakes had to be corrected immediately because if not they would remain forever and then they would be very difficult to correct

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Children learn by imitation and practice. They imitate the language produced by those around them when they receive a “positive reinforcement” (stimulus-response-reinforcement model)

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kids’mind is a Tabula Rasa, (blank slates to be filled)

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BEHAVIOURIST
PERSPECTIVE

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BEHAVIOURIST
PERSPECTIVE