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The early centuries were violent. Muslim invaders smashed Hindu and Buddhist temples. This shows how there is a contradiction with this type of Islam vs. what Muhammad taught.

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The religion spread through trade across Africa, Indian Ocean, and Mediterranean Sea. This led to the golden age where there were many Muslim achievements in science, math, medicine & architecture.

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Al-Andalus mixed Roman, Germanic, Jewish, & Arabic traditions. Fine arts and sciences emerged.

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Umayyad caliphs build an empire (701 CE) 

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Umayyad caliphs build an empire (701 CE) 

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After Ali's death, a Meccan clan set up the Umayyad caliphate. The dynasty ruled until 750 CE.

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Ali is Muhammad's cousin. He was assassinated 5 years later.

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Muhammad started "speaking to Allah" (600 CE)

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Muhammad started "speaking to Allah" (600 CE)

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This is when Muhammad started stating that he spoke to Allah. He started telling people that he was the final prophet.

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Muhammad was born in Mecca. He was a successful trader; he considered himself "seal of the prophets", and he said he was Allah's messenger to the Arabs.