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William Shakespears

Key characteristics of the Renaissance

The Elizabethan Period (1533-1603).

The Shakespearean/English sonnet.

Humanism.

Society based on freedom not equality.

App. 10,000 new words.

New verse form (The English sonnet), metres, themes and genres in poetry.

The English language gradually replacing Latin as the language of education.

Link: https://theenglishhandbook.systime.dk/index.php?id=196#c977

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The word Renaissance means "rebirth". The Renaissance Movement was highly interesting as it looked both back and forward at the same time. It was characterized by the influence of the classics (as seen in literature, language and philosophy) as well as a forward-thinking approach, underlined by growing economic prosperity. Part of the English Renaissance was called The Elizabethan Period, named after Queen Elizabeth I (1533-1603). The basic concepts of the period centered around order and chaos, as seen in the order of the universe, which was believed to be permanent. The universe was a theocentrical (God is in the centre of everything) and therefore arranged in a hierarchy with God at the top, followed by the King, leaving the animals and plants at the bottom.

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The word Renaissance means "rebirth". The Renaissance Movement was highly interesting as it looked both back and forward at the same time. It was characterized by the influence of the classics (as seen in literature, language and philosophy) as well as a forward-thinking approach, underlined by growing economic prosperity.

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The next period was called The Augustan Period (1700 - app. 1745). The famous writers of this period were Jonathan Swift, Daniel Defoe and Alexander Pope. The writing style was satirical and new prose forms arose such as travelogues, news, criminal biographies and political allegories which blended facts and fiction.

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Key characteristics of the Romantic Period

Urbanised and industrialised England.

Desire for individual freedom as a reaction against the alienation of an industrial society.

Rise of female writers.

Focus on purity, nature and childhood in particualr in poetry.

Focus on the supernatural, the gothic.

Link: https://theenglishhandbook.systime.dk/index.php?id=198#c997

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American Romanticism (1820-1865): An artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe toward the end of the eighteenth century; in most areas it was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to 1840.

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Victoria comes to throne - Victoria dies

Key characteristics of the Victorian Age

Liberalism.

Imperialism at its highest.

New middle class leading to a growing number of readers.

The novel the leading form of literature.

Topics such as moral and religious values, role of women and social aspects.

The serialized novel published in newspapers and periodicals.

Link: https://theenglishhandbook.systime.dk/index.php?id=199#c1009

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Key characteristics of Modernism

More of a European than a British movement.

Loss of tradition.

Experimentation and freedom.

Disintegration and fragmentation in writing style.

Stream of consciousness.

Multiple points of view.

Rejection of history.

link: https://theenglishhandbook.systime.dk/?id=201

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Modernism is more of a European than a British movement, which flourished in the first decades of the 20th century and is not limited to literature. The term may also be applied to painting, music, sculpture, and architecture, as well as science. The literary term generally refers to English literature in a wide context, though its major figures also include the American writer T.S. Eliot - see American literary periods - and the Irish writers W.B. Yeats and James Joyce, as well as the two Scandinavian dramatists Henrik Ibsen and August Strindberg.

Certain theories from around the turn of the century have been of great importance to the development of Modernism, e.g. Albert Einstein's thesis on relativity (1905), and Sigmund Freud's on the unconscious (

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Modernism is more of a European than a British movement, which flourished in the first decades of the 20th century and is not limited to literature. The term may also be applied to painting, music, sculpture, and architecture, as well as science.

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Key characteristics of Postmodernism

Different poetical movements such as The Movement and the Liverpool Poets

Post-colonial writers.

Intertextuality.

Pastiche.

No ultimate truth.

Black humour/parody.

Fragmentation.

Link: https://theenglishhandbook.systime.dk/index.php?id=202#c1043

Social realism as themes in novels, plays and poems.

Postcolonial has many common motifs and themes like 'cultural dominance,' 'racism,' 'quest for identity,' 'inequality' along with some peculiar presentation styles. Most of the postcolonial writers reflected and demonstrated many thematic concepts which are quite connected with both 'colonizer' and 'colonized

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World War ll meant an end to Britain as a leading world power. This position was now taken over by the USA. The outcome of the World War influenced British literature right after the war. The disillusionment was expressed through an increased literary attachment to religion which was seen in the works of W.H. Auden, T.S. Eliot and Graham Greene. Furthermore, authors such as William Golding ( Lord of the Flies,

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World War ll meant an end to Britain as a leading world power. This position was now taken over by the USA. The outcome of the World War influenced British literature right after the war. The disillusionment was expressed through an increased literary attachment to religion which was seen in the works of W.H.