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A takeaway from the reading is that morphemes are like a key to understanding, comprehending, and reading. One who knows morphemes has the capability of becoming a better reader and their vocabulary will expand because they will be able to use words correctly in sentences.

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Morphemes are units of meaning and  the smallest meaningful units of language. Morphemes are represented in spelling patterns, not only English spelling patterns but languages which share roots may share morphemes.

Understanding of morphemes helps a reader distinguish between words which sound similar but have different meanings such as specific and pacific. Such understanding can also help a reader recognize related words even when they are pronounced differently such as resign and resignation.

Morphemes can be categorized as either free or bound, free morphemes can stand alone as words, while bound morphemes only work as meaningful units when combined with other morphemes.

Morpheme structures vary depending upon their language of origin with Anglo-Saxon compounds relying on two free morphemes, while Latin words start with a root word which is then combined with a prefix or suffix.

Explicit teaching of both morphemes and vocabulary improves comprehension, word recognition, and subject or content related understanding.

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Effective instruction will follow these principles:
*students will pronounce the words orally
*students will attend to sound spelling, meaning, and etymology (the study of the origin of words and the changes in their meaning over the years)
* words will be learned in lists and in the context of connected language
*Lessons will contain varied practice routines - word construction
* words will be taught in relation to other words with the same morpheme(s) that include derived forms (photo, photograph, photographer, photographic)

I like the goals of instruction... its super helpful

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I found it very interesting to realize how many different languages and cultures contribute to the English language. "Melting Pot" cannot be more true about America. I don't believe that students can remember all the "rules" of the English language but basic morpheme knowledge is necessary when learning the English language.

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Morphology is foundational to reading and spelling skills. Morphemes, the smallest unit of language, skills can determine much about a student's progress as a reader. Beyond learning suffixes and prefixes, the confusion of "ed" and "s" stood out to me. As students work to decipher meaning and acquire words, these two suffixes can be tough to wrap our heads around. Definitely something I want to pay more attention to while teaching!

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My biggest takeaways from this chapter was how understanding morphology would enhance reading, vocabulary, and spelling. EXPLICIT INSTRUCTION. I thought the end of the chapter with the classroom activities gave me a better understanding of how to put this ideology into practice. I liked the idea of the students creating diagrams for visuals.

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I liked how this chapter broke the morphemes down into areas of influence, as well as different affixes. The lists provided will be very useful in the classroom, and I believe that they will help students understand more than just saying "this is a greek root, or a latin root".

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My biggest take away was how interesting the origins and meanings of certain sounds. I find the romance languages like latin to be super interesting, how these mostly dead languages still carry on in ways through our collective language. I find that the fact that modern English is a blend of numerous old and sometimes dead languages to be very fascinating. In essence, modern English is the next evolution of multiple Germanic and romance languages in one.

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The main takeaway I had from the reading was understanding that morphology/morpheme is basically the base and the "smallest meaningful units in language". When students lack knowledge of morphology, it's usually shows through spelling and language errors. As others, I get nervous remembering all the different terms so the figure 5.1 on page 119 helped put everything in a small piece of paper. With that I am able to just go back and have a refresher of the different categories of morphemes.

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- it enchaces reading, vocabulary and spelling.
- past tense and and plural can be difficult because for students if they dont have morphological awareness
- explicit instruction

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My biggest takeaways are that morphemes are a collection of prefixes, suffixes, and affixes in which the smallest unit of meaning is broke down. As I shared a moment ago, I really connected with the Latin roots and how their meaning connects to the English words they are placed in. When our students are able to dissect those roots, pull them out, in both Latin & Greek, they can come to an understanding of the meaning of many different words.

Another one of my big takeaways was from the, How we Remember Words, section of the reading. Here, it talks about how we learn words in connection with words we already know. That being said, teaching these relationships with morphemes is key for our students to group words, build relationships with each one, and allow them to store more words in their memory bank. As well as decode words!

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The most profound takeaway from the reading for me this week was the model breaking down the morphemes into smaller concepts.
Morphemes- Free and Bound.
Free- content, function
Bound- Prefixes, roots and so on.
I connected this from the video tonight and the previous class taken with Jean Kaya. It is a tremendous help to me to see this model.

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Explicit instruction

Teach about schwa

Establish awareness of syllables and phonemes

Identify prefixes , roots, and suffixes ex: in and ed

Define affixed words

Proofread and correct misspellings

Aural and visual

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I've always felt overwhelmed with creating my own lessons/materials for morphology because there is so much! I love the principles of morphology instruction and the sequence of instruction on pg. 142 of the text.

The principles state that we should consider:
1) Transparency: Introduce morphemes in words in which the morpheme is transparent
2) Generativity: Introduce morphemes that are used in the most words
3) Complexity: Introduce derived forms that don't change pronunciation or spelling first.

I also love the lists of roots and affixes (pgs. 122-124, 127) and classroom activities (pgs. 146-148).

-Angelee

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The common core standards for English language arts are the culmination of an extended, broad-based effort to create the generation of k-12 standards to help ensure that all students are college and career ready in literacy no later than the end of high school.

Good readers activate the back of the brain and also, to some extent, the Borca’s are in the front of the brain., an area that helps in slowly analyzing a word. On the other hand, poor readers underutilize the areas in the back of the brain.

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My most important takeaways are that research clearly indicates that morphology is very beneficial to the students. Since I know some latin (I was raised traditional Roman Catholic) I was able to decode latin root words fairly easily. Nevertheless words that do not have latin roots I have always struggled with. I know the benefits of morphology but it has always been something I struggled to make sense of. The book gave some clear instructions that helped me feel a little more comfortable with tackling morphology such as using explicit instruction. It also talks about the importance of correcting misspelled words and explain why they incorrect. As well as doing word building activities with root words, affixes and prefixes.