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Donatello, David, c. 1428-32

Contrapossto  in the figure giving it a well balanced movement,  has smooth texture

Early Italian Renaissance was all about bringing back Classical Greek art principles, including the nude figure! Greeks loved the human body, while Christian art covered the body. The Early Italian Renaissance brought about the revival of the nude figure, rounded arches, columns, etc.

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Robert Campin, The Merode Altarpiece, c. 1425-28

Divided into 3 sections using vertical columns. Main focal point by using saturation. Purposeful use of incorrect perspective (the table)

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Raphael, Marriage of the Virgin, 1504

Use of lines on the ground to create a strong sense of linear perspective.

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Work in this era focuses more on the landscapes with a feathery brushstroke. There is a great use of atmospheric perspective while the figures take a more secondary focal point.

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Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Netherlandish Proverbs, 1559

Despite being in the foreground vs background, characters appear to be the same size. Little contrast in lights and darks.

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Parmigianino, Madonna of the Long Neck, 1530–33

As the name suggests, the figures are very elongated. The Woman’s neck, the child’s limbs. Figures are exaggerated.

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This statue is believed to embody ancestors. When the eyes are “closed” the statue is dead. However, when the eyes or stones are inserted into the stone statue it is believed the statue comes to life and people can talk to the ancestors.

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Gianlorenzo Bernini, David, 1623

Lots of emotional and exaggerated movement. The figure is in a state of action/movement. Very realistic.

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Francisco de Zubaran, Agnus Dei, 1635-40

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This piece uses intense Tenebrism to bring focus to the foreground subject, which in this case is the sheep which represents Christ. The intense black background next to the very bright of the sheep gives the piece a dramatic feel and is meant to move the viewer.

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Rubens, Arrival of Marie de’ Medici at Marseilles, 1621-25

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This painting was meant to show that the rulers were divine and that the touch of the king can heal you. It is very painterly, dramatic, and lots of lighting.

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Gerrit van Honthorst, The Supper Party, 1620

Very strong use of light/shadow (chiaroscuro). The use of the strong light and strong shadows portrays the atmosphere and mood of the piece.

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The palace of Versailles shows power through the use of architecture. The whole castle is symbolic of how king Louis is the “sun god” and chosen ruler. The structure of the palace is calm, organized, symmetrical and balanced.

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This Mayan Stela is a record of the life of kings, like when they were born, when they were made King, etc. This stela is not only a form of history but also a sort of calendar because its dated. It was believed that Mayan gods weren’t all powerful and needed a king to “watch over them”.

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This figure is one ft high. This figure represents a rain deity and is symbolic of water and agricultural fertility. The bird feathers represents thunder clouds and the figure is used to pass the story of cultural heritage.

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Jean Honore Fragonard, from The Progress of Love (1771-73) series: The Swing

Lots of focus and detail given to the plants and foliage.
Clear focal point used by contrasting colors and saturation. Whole piece has a hazy atmosphere. Lots of repetition used in the foliage.

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Willian Hogarth, Marriage a la Mode The Marriage Contract, c. 1745

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This scene is a satirical scene meant to be funny and to poke fun. The couple have woken up from a night of partying. Art and people in this time were very loose morally and it came across in the art. In the back, there is a half covered painting that was meant to be viewed in a private viewing situation.

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This building has no defined lines and the ceiling is full of murals. It is gentle and delicate, feminine and has a vertical emphasis. There are lots of ovals and circles with not straight walls, but curves. The central shrine is overflowing with decorations and is less structural.

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Angelica Kauffman, Cornelia Presenting Her Children as Her Treasures

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The neoclassicism brings more morals into its work with a more moral style. It is basically a reaction to Rococo and its loose morals. Is this painting, a mother is saying that her children are her greatest treasures, even one of her kids who appears to be disabled.

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Jacques-Louis David, Coronation of Napoleon I, 1805-09

The use of line in the ray of light coming through directs the viewers eye to the main scene/figures (the actual coronation).

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Francisco Goya, The Third of May 1808, 1814

The contrast using the stark white of the shirt and the light from the lamp creates a strong focal point. The atmospheric perspective is somewhat weak. The use of repeated lines in the form of guns also directs the eye to the focal point.

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Escapism was a big deal in Romanticism. People wanted to look at art that took them far away from their own time and place. This piece shows a far away land in an exotic place.

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Casper David Friedrich, Abbey in the Oak Forest

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German Romanticism , and this piece in particular, shows a longing for the past and the past spirituality. It also has a sublime awesomeness of the beauty of nature.

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This piece goes back to more of a landscape focused piece of work. This is a real sport in England. John Constable uses specks of wait paint to give the piece a dewy look.

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Edouard Manet, Le Dejeuner sur l’herbe (Luncheon on the Grass), 1863

Figures in foreground and background are about the same size. Contrast in woman’s skin color and men’s clothes creates a focal point.

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Claude Monet, Impression: Sunrise, 1872

Can clearly see the shape, texture, and even movement of each brush stroke. Great use of atmospheric perspective.
Colors create a nice harmony.

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Georges Seurat, Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte, 1884-86

Created by individual dots. The dots themselves are a form of repetition and give it an unique texture. Some use of light/shadow, but not too strong.

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Henri Matisse, Harmony in Red (Red Room), 1908-09

Very saturated colors. Repetition of patters on wall and table.
No dark/shadows, giving the painting a very flat look and feel.

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Pablo Picasso, Les Demoiselles d’Avignon, 1907

Use of lots of hard edge shapes in both the background and the figures themselves, giving them an almost sharp texture and unifying the painting. Flat colors are used for all shading. Shape is the main element being used.

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Unique Forms of Continuity in Space, 1913, Boccioni

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Futurism is all about emphasizing speed, movement, dynamism, speed, technology, youth, violence, and objects like cars, airplanes, and other technologies. This piece looks like a striding figure using trajectories of speed and force.

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Monument to the Third Internatinal 1919, Vladimir Tatlin

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This movement aimed to reflect the modern industrial society. This style doesn’t care much for decorative styles, but instead goes with a more industrial look, using many materials. This specific piece was meant to be a prototype for a building that was never actually built.

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Malevich, Suprematist Composition: Airplane Flying, 1915

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This movement focused on the fundamentals of geometry. It also uses a wide range of colors. It is very abstract in nature and focuses on more of the artistic feel, rather than depicting certain objects or scenes. This piece doesn’t depict an actual airplane, but instead is meant to show the sensation of mechanical flight.

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Jean Arp, Collage Arranged According to the Laws of Chance, 1916-17

Repetition of differed squares and rectangles. Flat colors and low saturated colors.

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Salvador Dali, The Persistence of Memory, 1931

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This movement was all about artists showing illogical and often unnerving scenes that allowed the unconscious mind to freely express its self with nothing holding it back. This piece is one of the most recognizable pieces of Surrealism.

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Piet Mondrian, Composition in Red, Blue, and Yellow, 1930

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This art movement was founded in the Netherlands and was a mix of art and architecture and design. It utilizes a lot of vertical and horizontal lines and geometry.

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Jackson Pollock, Lavender Mist #1, 1950

Repetition of splatters, very unique texture. There are also a variety of splatter marks.

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Eva Hesse, Hang Up, 1965-66

Lots of empty space wishing and outside of the art piece. Four straight lines balanced by one very curved line.

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Jospeh Kosuth, One and Three Chairs, 1965

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Conceptualism isn’t so much about the actual art work, however the idea behind the artwork itself is the piece on display. The concept is what’s important in this artwork. For example, this piece explores what an idea or concept of a chair is. Is it the description? The picture? Or the actual made chair?

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Charles Moore, Piazza d’Italia, New Orleans, 1976-80

Lots of different, yet repeating shapes are being used, saturated colors, some aspects even seem to draw on Greek architecture.

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Roy Lichtenstein, Oh, Jeff…I Love You Too…But…, 1964

Flat yet saturated colors ( looks like a comic book). Line is used in the form of text and speech bubble. Black cell shading is being used for shadows. Very bold thick lines are used for all outlining.

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The Feminist art movement is all about the accomplishments of women around the world. It shows their efforts, lives, and experiences. It was also meant to speak up about how women in the art world were portrayed and treated.