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-> IBS-C (constipation)
-> IBS-D (diarrhea)
-> IBS-M (mix of constipation & diarrhea)
-> Gas and/or bloating
-> Mucus in bowel/stool

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Change in diet
-> eating smaller meals
-> cutting back on caffeinated beverages that stimulate intestine
-> avoiding deep=fried, spicy, dairy, indigestable suagrs, beans
Physiological factors
-> minimizing stress, anxiety, depression ect through counselling, therapy ect
Medications
-> taking probiotics to help relieve gas and bloating
-> medications used to control spasms, anti constipation, tricyclic antidepressants to ease pain, antibiotics
-> medications that inhibits/promotes fluid absoprtion, bowel motility, fluid secretion in small intestine

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Gas and/or bloating
-> certain carbohydrates, FODMAPs are not absorbed by small intestine and when passed to large intestine, quickly breaks down to form gas that causes bloating and gassiness

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Mucus in bowel
-> Increase in mucus secretion to lubricate and facilitate movement of bowel through large intestine as it is hard and dry (IBS-C)
-> Increase in mucus secretion to protect intestinal lining from pathogens/bacteria, preventing infection, inflammation, sepsis (IBS-D)
-> Increase secretion of mucus + decrease absorption if mucus =  secretion of stool to have mucus

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IBS-M
-> mix of IBS-D and IBS-C

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IBS-D
Causes: Diet
-> Consumption of pathogens/bacteria
-> High fiber intake (too much fiber, too much bulk, too much mass, increases motility due to too much mass for muscular wall to push against to  facilitate  movement of material through the digestive tract )
-> Intolerance & allergies (lack of enzymes/protein to breakdown certain macromolecules in small intestines)
Causes: Physiological
-> Depression, stress, anxiety
-> Disrupt communication between brain, ENS & digestive system
-> Decrease fluid absorption, Increase bowel motility, Increase fluid secretion

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IBS-C
Causes: Diet
-> Lack of water consumption (colon has insufficient water, leads to harden and dry stool causing constipation)
-> Lack of fiber intake (no fiber, no bulk, no mass, reduces motility due to no mass for muscular wall to push against to  facilitate  movement of material through the digestive tract)
-> Intolerance & allergies (lack of enzymes/protein to breakdown certain macromolecules in small intestines)
Causes: Physiological
-> Depression, stress, anxiety (stimulus or symptoms of disease)
In severe cases of IBS-C, it can also causes physiological  symptoms such as depression and anxiety which can be seen in patients in highly (tertiary) medical care referral centers which further increases the symptoms of the diseases as physiological symptoms also acts as a stimulus in causing all the symptoms and the disease itself in terms of it affecting the communication between the nervous systems that are involved with the digestive system, enteric nervous system, CNS causing increase fluid absorption, decrease motility and decrease fluid secretion in this context (positive feedback loop)
-> Disrupt communication between brain, ENS & digestive system
-> Increase fluid absorption, Decrease bowel motility, Decrease fluid secretion

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Structure
-> Cecum
-> Colon

Ascending colon

Transverse colon

Descending colon

Sigmoid colon
-> Rectum
-> Anal canal

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Overview
-> Simple columnar epithelium
-> Goblet cells & Endocrine cells
-> Colon absorbs water, salts and minerals
-> Only mechanical digestion occurs via mass movement/haustral churning as there is no enzymes for chemical digestion
-> Feces formation in colon is due to absorption of water and salts, secretion of mucus and extensive action of microorganisms that is stored in colon until eliminated by process of defecation

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-> Genetics
-> Diet
-> Severe infections
bacteria overgrowth in intestine
-> Change in gut microbes
-> Physiological factors
stress, anxiety, depression
-> Malfunction/Problems with communication system between digestive system and central nervous system (CNS)
abnormal motility/contractions

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-> Chronic condition affecting mainly the large intestine  of digestive system
-> Occurs more in women than men
-> Known as irritable colon, spastic colitis
-> Group of intestinal symptoms that typically occur together
-> Can cause intestinal damage