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Media convergence is something that works with communication technologies to interconnect and give people access with their digital devices. A good example is newspapers are now readily available to read in smart TVs, cell phones, computers and tablets.

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We can all relate to Doom-scrolling on Tik Tok ! specially with the dorky videos and weird streams.

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Doomscrolling or doomsurfing is the act of spending an excessive amount of time reading large quantities of negative news online. In 2019, a study by the National Academy of Sciences found that doomscrolling can be linked to a decline in mental and physical health.

The practice of doomscrolling can be compared to an older phenomenon from the 1970s called the mean world syndrome, described as "the belief that the world is a more dangerous place to live in than it actually is as a result of long-term exposure to violence-related content on television". Studies show that seeing upsetting news leads people to seek out more information on the topic, creating a self-perpetuating cycle.

In common parlance, the word "doom" connotes darkness and evil, referring to one's fate (cf. damnation). In the early online days, " surfing" was a common verb used in reference to browsing the internet; similarly, the word " scrolling" refers to sliding through online text, images, etc. Though the word "doomscrolling" is not found in their dictionary itself, Merriam-Webster is "watching" the term-a designation for words receiving increased use in society that do not yet meet their criteria for inclusion. Dictionary.com chose it as the top monthly trend in August 2020. The Macquarie Dictionary named doomscrolling as the 2020 Committee's Choice Word of the Year.

The term gained popularity in the early 2020s through events such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the George Floyd protests, the 2020 U.S. presidential election, the storming of the U.S. Capitol in 2021, and the Russian invasion of Ukraine since 2022, all of which have been noted to have exacerbated the practice of doomscrolling.

Doomscrolling became widespread among Twitter users during the COVID-19 pandemic, and has also been discussed in relation to the climate crisis.

The act of doomscrolling can be attributed to the natural negativity bias people have when consuming information. Negativity bias is the idea that negative events have a larger impact on one's mental well-being than good ones. Jeffrey Hall, a professor of communication studies at the University of Kansas in Lawrence, notes that due to an individual's regular state of contentment, potential threats provoke one's attention. One psychiatrist at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center notes that humans are "all hardwired to see the negative and be drawn to the negative because it can harm [them] physically." He cites evolution as the reason for why humans seek out such negatives: if one's ancestors, for example, discovered how an ancient creature could injure them, they could avoid that fate.

As opposed to primitive humans, however, most people in modern times do not realize that they are even seeking negative information. Social media algorithms heed the content users engage in and display posts similar in nature, which can aid in the act of doomscrolling. As per the clinic director of the Perelman School of Medicine's Center for the Treatment and Study of Anxiety: "People have a question, they want an answer, and assume getting it will make them feel better... You keep scrolling and scrolling. Many think that will be helpful, but they end up feeling worse afterward."

Doomscrolling, the compulsion to engross oneself in negative news, may be the result of an evolutionary mechanism where humans are "wired to screen for and anticipate danger". By frequently monitoring events surrounding negative headlines, staying informed may grant the feeling of being better prepared; however, prolonged scrolling may also lead to worsened mood and mental health as personal fears might seem heightened.

The inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) plays an important role in information processing and integrating new information into beliefs about reality. In the IFG, the brain "selectively filters bad news" when presented with new information as it updates beliefs. When a person engages in doomscrolling, the brain may feel under threat and shut off its "bad news filter" in response.

In a study where researchers manipulated the left IFG using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), patients were more likely to incorporate negative information when updating beliefs. This suggests that the left IFG may be responsible for inhibiting bad news from altering personal beliefs; when participants were presented with favorable information and received TMS, the brain still updated beliefs in response to the positive news. The study also suggests that the brain selectively filters information and updates beliefs in a way that reduces stress and anxiety by processing good news with higher regard (see optimistic bias). Increased doomscrolling exposes the brain to greater quantities of unfavorable news and may restrict the brain's ability to embrace good news and discount bad news; this can result in negative emotions that make one feel anxious, depressed, and isolated.

Health professionals have advised that excessive doomscrolling can negatively impact existing mental health issues. While the overall impact that doomscrolling has on people may vary, it can often make one feel anxious, stressed, fearful, depressed, and isolated.

Professors of psychology at the University of Sussex conducted a study in which participants watched television news consisting of "positive-, neutral-, and negative valenced material". The study revealed that participants who watched the negative news programs showed an increase in anxiety, sadness, and catastrophic tendencies regarding personal worries.

A study conducted by psychology researchers in conjunction with the Huffington Post found that participants who watched three minutes of negative news in the morning were 27% more likely to have reported experiencing a bad day six to eight hours later. Comparatively, the group who watched solutions-focused news stories reported a good day 88% of the time.

Some people have begun coping with the abundance of negative news stories by avoiding news altogether. A study from 2017 to 2022 showed that news avoidance is increasing, and that 38% of people admitted to sometimes or often actively avoiding the news in 2022, up from 29% in 2017. Even some journalists have admitted to avoiding the news; journalist Amanda Ripley wrote that "people producing the news themselves are struggling, and while they aren't likely to admit it, it is warping the coverage." She also identified ways she believes could help fix the problem, such as intentionally adding more hope, agency, and dignity into stories so readers don't feel the helplessness which leads them to tune out entirely.

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People are really into putting their business out there and accomplish many advertising goals specially if they relate their business with their lifestyles.

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Echo Effect is a phenomenon that occurs when people find people with similar interests that help with reinforcing their beliefs. this could be some what harmful with the use of mass communication media. The Echo Effect along with Framing could result in miss information and violent altercations. Take the white house siege as an example, former president Donald Trump failure to obtain reelection caused a violent crisis at the capital due to his immaturity and slander.

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How does publicity influence us today:

In our text book Converging Media, it explains that Semiotics is the study of symbols and it dates back to Plato and Aristotle philosophers. Signs are a powerful influence in our thinking and should not be underestimated. Semiotics could be words, signs, and lingual to communicate. Take this logo of the Adidas trade mark it’s a perfect example of semiotic publicity.

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Cooperation within a Project to produce a better product just like video games there is more behind the scenes than meets the eye. Collaboration between media (Synergy) and designers make it possible for products to be exceptionally creative and useful.

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Media violence tends to make people feel a fear of surroundings and even the world more than it actually is. I can relate to this since during the pandemic there was countless videos posted online with much of the world violence due to the drastic response of communist countries. It made me fear of going outside and encountering such acts from government officials.

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Also known as individual selectivity

were Exposure, Selective perception, and

Selective retention is my own individual bubble that I create.

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Media Ecology is a study of media environments an the effects it has on people and society. The study focuses on perception, understanding, feeling, and value; specially how our interaction with media facilitates or impedes our chances of survival.

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Today I am safe to say we have all been exposed to media attacks on politicians. These negative advertising strategies are paid or simply created and boosted by the news media.

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#L4_ False Inferences of Negative Advertising 02/19/22

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#L4_ False Inferences of Negative Advertising 02/19/22

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People are very opinionated when it comes to defending their political candidate and when they see a false paid political spot on news media. They tend to be easily influenced, especially if its about the opposing candidate.

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#L4_ Ethics & Negative Advertising 02/19/22

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#L4_ Ethics & Negative Advertising 02/19/22

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When it comes to freedom of speech we must have some sort of filtering and create boundaries on what is ethical. Political News Media has made a circus out of the recent campaigns.

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Soul Entertaining at its finest in the 60´s popular style music then and now if you like those oldies but goodies. My favorite is a song from the Four Tops " You Really Got a Hold on Me"

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Motown music was a great influence in vocal groups and introduced talented people of color into the music business. In a country where race was more of a disability to talent in African Americans.

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Considered a Pop-Soul hybrid at the time and later moved to genres of psychedelic soul to new jack swing. I consider the genre to be iconic and well respected amongst music lovers.

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Movies costs a nickel back in the early 1900´s the early days of movies before the opening of more luxurious theaters.

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Marcus Loew ran a nickelodeon theater in before creating a movie chain of luxurious theaters and getting involved in making movies as well. stayed in New York and was the co founder of MGM Pictures corporation (Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Pictures)

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The Nickelodeon Channel is one of my favorite channels when I was growing up! The channel also was named after the nickel movies back in 1977.

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Interactivity is something that computers world wide have permitted people to do. Unlike television where it was a one way Communicator to audiences. Limited to geographical areas or based on ratings of particular shows and fan base. Mario Moreno the referred as the "Charlie Chaplin of Mexico" was a popular icon in Latin america and Spain.

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MMOGS (massive multiplayer online games) like Runescape have a world wide interactive audience where they use You-tube channels to interact with their audiences by explaining skills and battling. One of my favorites that I have played and interacted with thousands of people world wide.

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Virtual reality has come along way and its price tag might be the only thing holding it back from massive interactivity. Aside from video games it has helped in the psychology field (cognitive behavior therapy) with people with severe phobias and helping them with mild exposure in the safety of their therapists office.

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The term Lurking is used to describe people that browse social media sites, messages boards, blogs and forums but not engage in any way. This Lurking is almost always undetectable and people could browse your information and possibly stalk you with out you ever knowing. This of course is one of many dangers of sharing information online.

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People can call them “lurker” all they want. I personally call them stalkers I just don’t like shady  people looking  or conducting surveillance on my personal life. I stopped sharing current pictures or information on social media due to past incidents. Teens unaware of these possible risk post even what they had for breakfast nowadays. I constantly have to remind my teen daughter and they just don’t seem to mind.

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Lurking and cyber stalking nowadays people can unconsciously be doing it, I often catch my mom and family members talking about people’s current events without socializing or of people too far away to know what they have been up to.  I at  times admire the time or the great lengths they go about to get the information. For instance, my cousin’s sister-in-law died and my mother asked me to send flowers for the wake since she met her a few years ago. When I asked for her source of information, she mentioned seeing a black bow on my cousins Facebook page and having to call my aunt to find out who died. I guess we can all get caught up in the online lurking but some stuff is just too much, I think.

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Sensational reporting that is completely bias and false just to get people to buy the news in what ever form its presented.This type of reporting resulted from a circulation war between Hearts & Pulitzer in the late 1890s.

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Founded in 1926 National Enquirer has sold its sexual scandals, UFO phenomena, Elvis sighting and murder plots in supermarkets nation wide. When I was a teen I remember feeling proud of never diving into its claws. I saw it almost every where including in friends homes.

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Fake News- remember if the story is too good to be true it probably is. We encounter Yellow Journalism in almost all Media outlets today and the only objective is to get an online presence in their monthly website statistics. The more views the the better for these corporations.

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Infomercial refers to TV programming that its main purpose is to sell or promote a service. You can always change the channel due to its paid advertising disclosure before they begin. It’s a common practice that’s used during programable hours  or hours that are commonly targeting a certain age group or demographic!

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Infomercial refers to a lot of pain and suffering if you lived in the country side like me, and depended on 3 channels that came in via television antenna. Yep, no cable available in my part of the woods! Actors were used to attract potential buyers. Famous people like Eric Estrada would come in and sell California Pines properties to people willing to invest in wooded lots.

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Lately I am starting to see more and more infomercials about medications or supplements. The usual 60 seconds was not enough to cover side effect and bad reactions. Infomercials about medication tend to be a bit clearer in regards to patient health. In my opinion buyer beware since these sorts of advertisements are more harmful to people than good. Implying a range of symptoms that could easily be mis understood by potential consumers. The simply talk to your doctor warning they give could easily be misguided by people.

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Rhetoric In public relations is what makes people confuse at times but easily persuaded specially since we all have similar views and core values. The Rhetorical Triangle relates to three appeals

Ethos : trust and credibility

Pathos: Appealing and connecting with audience

Logos: clear ideas and appealing to audiences’ intelligence

So the next time you spot a public relations article or speech analyze the content with caution, because persuasion is usually their number one goal!

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Donald Trump is the king of rhetorical tactics there is not a day that goes by from his political run to today where he tries to convince us with his arguments of being targeted and politically persecuted when it comes to his actions and possible criminal activities. My friends Logic is key to ensure that we keep our mind clear of these tactics.

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So where did the word Rhetoric come from ? its definition is the art of persuasion and the three arts of discourse since there was a need to inform, persuade, and motivate particular audiences. Developed in Athens by Aristotle. I personally liked learning about Rhetoric in our Media class because it makes it easier to identify fake news and stunts orchestrated by public relations reps in crisis management.

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Plagiarism is the representation of another person’s ideas, expressions, thoughts, as one´s own original work or taking credit. It’s a matter of ethics and being original, I know for a fact that after reading several chapters of school work you might be able to commit the offence with out realizing it but there are various tools to check your work and avoid the embarrassment.

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One of the big No No´s is plagiarism when I was young, I really hated it when people felt like doing or copying my every move. Plagiarism is just as bad people have a tendency to go online and make videos and after failing to come up with new material they go into great lengths to copy or produce content similar or the same as originals.

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As you already know SRJC promotes students’ success and discourages academic dishonesty  considers plagiarism a violation of academic integrity and could result in failing your class for misconduct. According to “check for plagiarism .net “ the statistics for plagiarism in schools is alarming. 36% of undergraduates have admitted to plagiarizing written material.

https://www.checkforplagiarism.net/cyber-plagiarism#:~:text=Global%20Plagiarism%20Statistics%3A,admitted%20to%20plagiarizing%20written%20material.

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So last night you came up with a great idea that could make you millions! And you go run and try to patent this great idea. Its not quite as easy and I found out the hard way, you need to have a complete process of your invention and it must have the plans and strategy fully disclosed.  Once granted it has a 20 years lifespan after your initial application.  In the video above it goes in great detail of the importance of patents.

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A good family friend came up with innovating a tarp concrete mixing technique  and made quite a few dollars selling it to a big manufacturer. Unfortunately, once this idea changed hands people where not so enthusiastic about the product. He was very happy it didn’t happen to him during his 5 years of promoting the product. Have you ever thought of a great idea and forgot to write it down?

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Inventors beware of potential scammers out there trying to steal your creation. I was always tempted to call the invention promoting scams on TV and Radio. Now that I have read all about their modus operandi they ought to be banned by media networks and the internet all together. They steal from people by making false claims of the true value of the invention and market potential. Protect yourself beware of Ads on television, the radio , and the internet; they are easy to spot they usually offer free inventor´s kits or free preliminary review of your inventions.

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What exactly is Cyber Security ? in all reality is the applications of technologies that control systems, networks, data, and your hand-held devices from cyber-attacks. It is something that its not 100% and should not be trusted. We are under attack 24/7 legally or not, so be aware of what you have online especially personal and financial information. To be honest I feel that society is a bit hypocritical when it comes to the internet and make a big deal of their information being out there but at the same time share more sensible information for the world to see!

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My stuff is safe in the cloud, right? Not exactly there is a number of freelance individuals aside from government authorities that love your information. Take advantage of new security tools and a solution to security and compliance in your cloud resources in the event that you must have your information out there. They offer monitoring, access ,  threat detection and remediation. There is a wide variety of tools available and my best advise is to just not have sensitive data online period.

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Identity theft is on the rise and you should protect all your information that is online. A good rule of thumb is to go back to day one and start deleting old profiles, request app information deletion from all previous apps that have credit card and personal information and do periodically online searches on your self to ensure no one is trying to pretend that they are you.