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John Snow a British Physician, was considered one of the founding members of the epidemiological society for his work identifying the source of the cholera outbreak in 1854. Cholera which was a deadly virus which was an outbreak in the 1800s, which led to many deaths.

Snow believed that sewage which was dumped into the river would contaminate the town’s water supply which was the main reason of the rapid spread of the disease. He discovered the connection between the contaminated water and cholera by making a dot map to plot the outbreaks in Broad Street area of London. However, it was assumed that chloera was airborne however Snow didn’t accept this theory and argued that the disease entered the body through the mouth and this was later found to be right.

He identified a water pump which was placed in Broad Street, because all of the victims of the disease used the same water pump in this area. Snow removed the handle from the pump and noticed the numbers of cases of Cholera began to lower and the epidemic ended. Overtime, Snow’s Germ Theory of disease was not accepted until the 1860s.

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Edwin Chadwick who was a civil servant who was known for his work to reform the Poor Laws and to improve the sanitations and public health of communities. He was employed by the Poor Law commission to investigate the different living conditions in Britain. He said that poverty and ill health was caused by the poor living conditions individuals lived in rather than idleness. He believed this as through an investigation a report showed how unhealthy industrial town and cities were in more poverty rather than wealthier inhabitants.

Chadwick made statements that change needed to happen within improving the living conditions to ensure there were improvements made. He stated that there should be an effective sewage system made and that within every home there should be clean running water. There should also be a trained medical officer in each area.

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The Sanitary Movement was an appraoch to Public Health which was developed into the 1830s and 1840s. It was finally developed during the end of the 19th century after John Howards reports on the poor living conditions of prisons and hospitals was made public.
Before the Sanitary Movement was developed Chadwick tried to persuade his ideas to the government to act as he argued poor conditions were the reason of poor health. He recommended the government to provide clean water, improve the drainage system and also tell local council to clear away rubbish from homes and streets. This was to try and improve public health however no one took his ideas seriously.
In the 19th century diseases and bacteria would spread quickly for example, small pocks and measles. This was because the streets in towns were dirty and unclean which made it an easy way for the diseases to spread from person to person. When Howards reports came out the Sanitary Movement was developed by the government

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The Poor Law Act, was introduced with the aim to reduce the overall cost of looking after the poor and to promote a system which will enforce this. Some people welcomed this act because they believed it would reduce the cost of looking after the poor and take beggers off the street. This was because during when this act was introduced it created workhouses for the poor to live inside if they were unable to afford to stay at home. This may have seemed a good idea however inside the workhouse there was poor living conditions however it meant the poor was able to be housed, clothed and fed. In return for this the children and families would work within.

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This was the first law made on public health and it was passed with the aims to make changes to the supply of water, sewerage and the environmental health regulations. It was an important step to the development of improvements to public health. A key individual who played an important role during this act was Edwin Chadwick, who investigated issues of sanitation among the poor.

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The Beveridge report was introduced by William Beveridge, this was a key part to plan to rebuild and the aim to improve Britain after the war ended. Beveridge, declared there were ‘5 giant evils’ which he wanted to overcome and combat. These were want, disease, ignorance, squalor and idleness. Ways to overcome this was to provide an income for all, access to health care, good education, adequate housing and gainful employment. The report stated that these are ways to make Britain better. For example, introducing free medical care, free education, improved housing, social security and full employment.

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The NHS was established on 5th July 1948 – plan to make healthcare accessible to everyone.

The NHS was founded by Aneurin Bevan who had the idea that healthcare should be available to everyone regardless of their wealth. This was set up as Bevan felt the current healthcare system was unfair and insufficient and it should be equal.

Before the NHS all individuals who required any medical treatments were expected to pay however this meant the poor were unable to get treatment they needed as they didn’t have the funds.

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The Acheson report was an inquiry made into the study of health inequalities in Health. This was chaired by Sir Donald Acheson and published in 1998. It was used to look into and investigate the health inequalities within the UK and to inform the development of the government’s public health stratergy.

This report gave ideas and recommendations on a wide range of different areas including environment, social and economic factors and had to make improvements. For examples some of the recommendations which were made was introducing health assessments, having local directors within health authorities and ensuring there is a local partnership between health and local governments.

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Our healthier nation was a stratergy which was published in 1999 it was a plan put in place for the government to work together to tackle and improve poor health. The government believed that individuals should take it upon themselves and have control over their own health. Meaning they should take the right action to improve their health themselves whether this be changing their lifestyle.

The government would set targets and monitor these to ensure the communities are improving their lives and that the target would be met. This happened because the government had an understanding that people were dying from a younger age because of certain illnesses which could have been preventable. This stratergy wanted to improve the health of all and ensure those who are at risk of illness knew it was preventable and how they can prevent this.

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Support » Web Services » UF Health » University of Florida

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Web Services is devoted to making your web communications as painless as possible. Policies and Procedures Policies & Procedures – Official UF AHC web policies, procedures, and standards. Need to talk to us? Web Services does not expect you to go at it alone – contact us directly with any questions or comments you may have.

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White Paper (Choosing Health: Making Healthier Choices Easier 2004) 

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White Paper (Choosing Health: Making Healthier Choices Easier 2004) 

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The white paper (choosing health: making healthier choices easier (2004) was a document published in 2004. It was used to present how public health can be improved. It covered main areas of ill health such as obesity, smoking, sexual health and alcohol consumption. The government made health campaigns to provide public information and advice on ways individuals can improve their own lives.
This document focused on reducing the amount of people who smoked and also focused on reducing obesity cases. It would encourage and promote more active lifestyles and improve the public’s mental health. The government worked with the food industry to help develop more awareness on food labelling and making changes to them. This document encouraged the public to make their own improvements and have a better control over the decisions they made over their health and how some can reduce their lifespan and have medical effects long term.
The government worked with schools to help keep children healthier and bringing laws of not allowing people smoke in most public places and work areas to try to reduce smoking. They would also develop staff training to update professionals of what they can do.

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Public health agencies provide the government, NHS and parliament with evidence-based information and data based on public health. This agency was established on 1st April 2019 and it brought together different public health specialists to work together to make a change. They are responsible to make the pubic healthier to reduce spread of infections and disease and ill health. They also promote reducing the difference between the health of different groups by promoting healthier lifestyles and strategies to do this.

They provide the government with advice and recommendations of how to make improvements within areas and help to support local authorities by promoting them to take action on any health problems. Public health agencies will prepare and respond to any current or future health emergences and constantly review and monitor this so they are able to provide information to the public.

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The Health Protection Agency was established in 2004. It became a non-departmental public body held accountable to protect the health of the UK against any infectious diseases which can become a risk to cause harm to individuals. The role of this agency was to protect their community against any dangers which can affect the individual’s health and provide important advice and information to the public and the health professionals. This is updated information of any developments or risks and how to prevent and overcome this. They provide responses to any developments linked to health and help to support the front line by providing reports and specialist advice to any of their partnerships including the NHS and local authorities.

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National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE)

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National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE)

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The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence has the role and responsibility to publish guidelines to help all patients, carers and service users to ensure they are receiving the best quality care available.  The NICE (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence) was proposed in 1977 to ensure that standards are the best they can be and that improvements were constantly made to all health and social care settings. They had the role to improve services for service users ensuring they were provided with the best service from the NHS as an example.

They provide guidelines for the health and social care services for management of clinical conditions and advice on referrals. They also provide guidelines on the use of medications and medical equipment so they are used accordingly. These guidelines are made from evidence collected so they can give the best advice for people. NICE will develop guidance’s and make recommendations on the effectiveness of treatments and medical procedures.