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a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth

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Meiosis is a special type of cell division of germ cells in sexually-reproducing organisms used to produce the gametes, such as sperm or egg cells. It involves two rounds of division that ultimately result in four cells with only one copy of each paternal and maternal chromosome

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a mature haploid male or female germ cell which is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote

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(of a cell or nucleus) having a single set of unpaired chromosomes

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(of a cell or nucleus) containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent

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the idea that the chromosomes can line up in any order during metaphase I, allows for genetic diversity

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an organ that produces gametes; a testis or ovary

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A couple of homologous chromosomes, or homologs, are a set of one maternal and one paternal chromosome that pair up with each other inside a cell during fertilization

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The tetrad is the four spores produced after meiosis of a yeast or other Ascomycota, Chlamydomonas or other alga, or a plant

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a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes; a fertilized ovum

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is any cell of the body except sperm and egg cells. Somatic cells are diploid, meaning that they contain two sets of chromosomes, one inherited from each parent.

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the male reproductive cell or gamete

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the female reproductive cell, or gamete, in most anisogamous organisms

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Chromosomal crossover, or crossing over, is the exchange of genetic material during sexual reproduction between two homologous chromosomes' non-sister chromatids that results in recombinant chromosomes

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The process of combining the male gamete, or sperm, with the female gamete, or ovum. The product of fertilization is a cell called a zygote