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North Korea invades South Korea - June 25, 1950

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North Korea invades South Korea - June 25, 1950

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Stalin approves North Korean Invasion

UN Security Council agrees to oppose North Korean aggression (w/o USSR)

Truman sends forces in aid of South Korea

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UN/US Forces land at Inchon - September 15, 1950

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UN/US Forces land at Inchon - September 15, 1950

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US/ROK troops were already pinned behind the Pusan Perimeter

Severe US/ROK losses and ‘bugout fever’

North Korea lost 58,000, outnumbered by 40 tanks, overstretched supply lines

MacArthur’s plan

Amphibious attack to cut off and surround North Korea

JCS insisted it would fail because of tides, the seawall, and weather

Truman supported his plan and it went through

US/ROK reclaimed Inchon and Seoul

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North Korean Forces Pushed Back at 38th Parallel - September 1950

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North Korean Forces Pushed Back at 38th Parallel - September 1950

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After Inchon:

Original plan was toat least keep North Korea behind 38th parallel

New plan: Victory at Inchon added to US optimism

S. Korea had been warming to anti-communism

Truman wanted some political success

MacArthur and Truman's meeting at Wake Island

Convinced that there was a minimal chance of USSR/Chinese intervention

Reversed ban on activity near 38th parallel (October 24th) despite JCS’s concern

New aim: no longer defensive but aggressive (wanted to push past 38th parallel)

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Battle in Chosin, near the mountains, between 25,000 Americans and 120,000 Chinese soldiers

US Air Supremacy prevented a heavier loss of life

6,000 casualties suffered and 6,000 suffered frostbite

US retreated rapidly

Called it “attacking in another direction”

Truman did not want to escalate war any further

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Lack of motivation led to low US morale

Morale boosted when Truman appointed Ridgeway as ground commander

Tanks and artillery could now be used in flatter landscapes

UN forces take back Seoul in March 1951, were at the 38th parallel

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Truman Removes General MacArthur from Power - April 11, 1951

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Truman Removes General MacArthur from Power - April 11, 1951

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MacArthur saw a limited war and containment as appeasement

Often spoke out against Truman and believed surrendering in Asia would dampen efforts in Europe

Dismissed in April 1951 but returned a hero

69% of Americans thought Truman was in the wrong

Some believed that MacArthur had underestimated Chinese forces, acted insubordinately, and could have provoked full-scale Sino-American War

Public opinion regardless was in favor of MacArthur

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Stall in Peace Talks - October 1952 to March 1953

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Stall in Peace Talks - October 1952 to March 1953

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Talks at Panmunjom Deadlock

US continues to bomb Pyongyang for 2 months

South Korean President: Syngman Rhee

Founder of North Korea: Kim Il Sung

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Inauguration of President Eisenhower - January 20, 1953

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Inauguration of President Eisenhower - January 20, 1953

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Representing the Republican Party

Defeated Democrat Adlai Stevenson

McCarthyism in the US

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McCarthyism and the Red Scare ruined any chances of detente following the Soviet leader's death

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Korean Armistice Agreement - End of the Korean War - July 27, 1953

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Korean Armistice Agreement - End of the Korean War - July 27, 1953

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A stop to all hostilities in Korea by armed forces

It was signed by US Army Lieutenant General William Harrison Jr., representing the United Nations Command (UNC)