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Subsurface mines are probably what you envision when you think of mining: systems of tunnels and vertical shafts with elevators to take miners underground where they can retrieve the valuable resources. Subsurface mines produce large amounts of environmentally hazardous acid mine drainage.

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National Wildlife Refuge System is a designation for certain protected areas of the United States managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. The National Wildlife Refuge System is the system of public lands and waters set aside to conserve America's fish, wildlife, and plants

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Rangelands are grasslands, shrublands, woodlands, wetlands, and deserts that are grazed by domestic livestock or wild animals. Types of rangelands include tallgrass and shortgrass prairies, desert grasslands and shrublands, woodlands, savannas, chaparrals, steppes, and tundras

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Open-pit mining, also known as opencast mining, is a surface mining technique that extracts minerals from an open pit in the ground. Open-pit mining is the most common method used throughout the world for mineral mining and does not require extractive methods or tunnels.

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means the plan, in form and substance satisfactory to the Association adopted by the Recipient on November 19, 2004, describing measures for the mitigation, reduction and or offset of the environmental and social impacts of activities under the Project, including environmental ...

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A tree plantation, forest plantation, plantation forest or timber plantation is a forest planted for high volume production of wood, usually by planting one type of tree as a monoculture forest. Plantation forestry a high volume of wood in a short period of time.

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A sinkhole is a depression or hole in the ground caused by some form of collapse of the surface layer.

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Surface mining, including strip mining, open-pit mining and mountaintop removal mining, is a broad category of mining in which soil and rock overlying the mineral deposit are removed, in contrast to underground mining, in which the overlying rock is left in place, and the mineral is removed through shafts or tunnels.

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The National Environmental Policy Act is a United States environmental law that promotes the enhancement of the environment and established the President's Council on Environmental Quality. The law was enacted on January 1, 1970.

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A forest is an area of land dominated by trees. Hundreds of definitions of forest are used throughout the world, incorporating factors such as tree density, tree height, land use, legal standing, and ecological function.

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Mountaintop removal mining, also known as mountaintop mining, is a form of surface mining at the summit or summit ridge of a mountain. Coal seams are extracted from a mountain by removing the land, or overburden, above the seams.

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A wilderness is an area of land that has been largely undisturbed by modern human development. Wilderness areas usually lack roads, buildings, and other artificial structures.

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A reservoir is most commonly an enlarged natural or artificial lake created using a dam to store fresh water.

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Apologies, but we were unable to find what you were looking for. Perhaps searching will help.Read more

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Heat capacity or thermal capacity is a physical property of matter, defined as the amount of heat to be supplied to an object to produce a unit change in its temperature. The SI unit of heat capacity is joule per kelvin. Heat capacity is an extensive property.

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is the process by which water-soluble salts accumulate in the soil. Salinization is a resource concern because excess salts hinder the growth of crops by limiting their ability to take up water. Salinization may occur naturally or because of conditions resulting from management practices.

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prevention of wasteful use of a resource.

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A drainage basin is any area of land where precipitation collects and drains off into a common outlet, such as into a river, bay, or other body of water

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, in form and substance satisfactory to the Association adopted by the Recipient on November 19, 2004, describing measures for the mitigation, reduction and or offset of the environmental and social impacts of activities under the Project, including environmental ...

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water that collects on the surface of the ground.

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The photic zone, euphotic zone, epipelagic zone, or sunlight zone is the uppermost layer of a body of water that receives sunlight, allowing phytoplankton to perform photosynthesis. It undergoes a series of physical, chemical, and biological processes that supply nutrients into the upper water column.

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The heat of vaporization is defined as the amount of heat needed to turn 1g of a liquid into a vapor, without a rise in the temperature of the liquid.

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water held underground in the soil or in pores and crevices in rock.

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The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) was signed into law on January 1, 1970. NEPA requires federal agencies to assess the environmental effects of their proposed actions prior to making decisions

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Water quality can be thought of as a measure of the suitability of water for a particular use based on selected physical, chemical, and biological characteristics.

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Desalination is the process of removing salts or other minerals and contaminants from seawater, brackish water, and wastewater effluent and it is an increasingly common solution to obtain fresh water for human consumption and for domestic/industrial utilization.

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When rain falls, it becomes either runoff, which means it is unable to soak into the ground, or infiltration, which happens when the soil can absorb the amount of rain that falls. Learn more about the definitions of runoff and infiltration processes and discover the effects of runoff on the environment.