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How matter is classified:

Difference between elements and compounds:
Elements are made of one type of molecule, while compounds are made of at least two different elements and can be separate by chemical means into those different elements.
Difference between homogeneous mixtures and heterogeneous mixtures:
A homogeneous mixture has a uniform appearance and composition throughout the mixture. A heterogeneous mixture is made of a bunch of visibly different substances and/or the substance is may be more than one state of matter.
Difference between pure substances and mixtures:
A mixture can be physically separated into pure substances or elements. Pure substances are made of a uniform composition of elements and compounds. A mixture may have various boiling point, while a a pure substance has only one boiling point.

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Definition:
how matter is changed into a different type of matter
Examples:
flammability, reactivity, combustion

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Definition:
used to observe and describe matter
Examples:
color of an object, texture, shape, melting and boiling points, and temperature

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Common Examples:
wood, ice, sand, bricks, steel, sheet
rock, dried paint, paper, plastic, dry ink, white board, black board,
Physical Properties:
color, texture, shape, melting point
Forces of attraction:
Ionic bonding, which is when Atom A has an extra electron that it gives to Atom B who is in need of an electron. This gives A a positive charge and B a negative, thus the atoms are attracted to each other.

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Common Examples:
water, milk, blood, coffee, paint, gasoline, oil, and juice
Physical Properties:
All liquids are nearly incompressible, have a definite volume, no fixed shape, when liquids move they go from the higher point to the lower point, under normal conditions a liquid's boiling point is above room temperature, surface tension,
Forces of attraction:

There are two main forces of attraction in liquids. The first is the London dispersion force, which occurs when there is an unequal distribution of elections in an atom so that each atom has two opposite and equal poles called dipoles. This affect is temporary The second force of attraction is Dipole-dipole. In order to understand what a dipole-dipole force is, we first need to understand what a polar molecule is. A polar molecule is when a molecule has a slightly positive charged side and a slightly negative charged side, like a very tiny magnet. A dipole-dipole forces occurs when the positive side of a molecule attracts the negative side of another molecule, behaving much like two magnets.

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Common Examples:
air, helium, nitrogen, freon, carbon dioxide, water vapor, hydrogen, and natural gas
Physical Properties:
Easily compressed, easily expands, fill as much space as possible, no fixed shape
Forces of attraction:
There is no force of attraction between gas molecules. When two molecules in the gas state hit each other, they do not form any bonds at all, they bounce off each other.

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Common examples:
stars, solar wind, lightning, the gases  in neon signs, welding arcs, interstellar gas clouds, tails of comets,
Physical Properties:
Magnetic fields, no fixed volume or shape
Forces of Attraction:
Ionization is when energy enters an atom and it kicks out an electron gives the atom a positive charge, while the electron has a negative charge. The electron is sucked in by another atom that then has an negative charge. The two atoms are then attracted to each other, which creates an ionic bond between the atoms.

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Definition of the Atomic Theory:
The theory about atoms; what they are, how they behave, how they are structured, how they interact with each other, .
The three main parts:
1. All matter is made of very tiny particles called atoms.
2. All atoms of a given element are nearly identical (isotopes of atoms have a different number of neutrons, thus a different mass). A given element is different from all other elements in a fundamental way.
3. Atoms combine to form compounds. Compounds always have the same relative number of different types of atoms.
Definition of an atom:
An atom is a very small particle that makes up all matter, cannot be destroyed.
Structure of an atom:
An atom is made of protons, that posses a positive charge, neutrons (no charge), and electrons (negative charge). In the center of an atom is the nucleus, which contains both protons and neutrons. Outside of the nucleus is an electron cloud. This cloud shows all the different places an electron could be. The more dots there are in a certain area, the more likely there will be an electron in that area.