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SALES AND PROFITS
LOTS OF PROMOTION

1938 BONDS requested an advertising campaign for their men's athletics singlets (idea of Chesty BONDS)  character based on Popeye. 1940 Chesty BONDS cartoon  strip appeared in Sun Newspaper 3 times a week. Chesty BONDS became a superhero when he pulled on his trusty Chesty BONDS singlet  (triumph over the forces of  evil) . Comic strip ran for the next 20 years.

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Selection of appropriate technology - resources and limitations

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Selection of appropriate technology - resources and limitations

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The textile industry is one that uses and abuses finite natural resources including energy, water and land. Every decision made in the industry affects the environment.
Energy - The use of fossil fuels to generate electricity (energy) are not renewable. Alternatives: include solar and wind
Water - Water is being used to irrigate crops and a lot is being used. Alternatives: use crops less reliant on water e.g. hemp and bamboo
Land - Land (waterways, cotton, soil) being used and displaced and contaminated.

(Thanks for the notes :) )
Yes this is life, THANK YOU

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Selection of appropriate technology - alternatives and appropriate and sustainable resources

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Selection of appropriate technology - alternatives and appropriate and sustainable resources

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Recycling - Alternatives
- farming of organic cotton or bamboo (uses less water, land space and is biodegradable)
- 100 % natural fibres do decompose, however, slowly
- turning used clothing to cleaning clothes and other products (patchwork quilts etc)
- transforming clothes https://www.greenprophet.com/2013/04/hussein-chalayans-transformer-runway-clothes/
 Development of SIROSCOUR
o Alternative method of wool scouring
o Uses less water by recycling the rinse liquids + uses more concentrates scouring liquids
 Ecospun - Polycotton - PET
o Combination of cotton + polyester fibre recovered form plastic drink bottles
 Cold-Pad Batch Dying of Cotton
o Requires 33% less energy + 45% less water
o Fewer chemical are used
 Smith Family Global Exports
o Exports second hand clothes to 18 world markets
o 10% of textile items placed in clothing bins ar resold in charity shops
o 25% are unsuitable for further use and become waste/sent to landfill
 Reverse Garbage
o Sells industrial discards + off-cuts + over-runs
o Sold to public for creative and practical uses
o Aims to reduce landfill (reusing products saves resources and the energy needed for producing new materials)
 Australian Museum Fashion Less Waste Competition
o Competition fro students to design and create an outfit made from materials originally bought and used for non-clothing purposes.
o Aims to raise awareness of sustainability issues in the fashion industry.

Pollution - Alternatives
 Use of natural gases for energy – burns cleanly
 Filtering of waste materials
o Chimneys
o Water waste
 Neutralisation of acids with alkalis – reduces water pollution
 Cooling dyes before disposing into waterways
 Aeration of waste liquids
o Encourages growth of bacteria which digests the waste
 Separation of waste materials from wool scouring liquids
o Use as fertiliser
 Incentives/deterrents – encourage industries to employ such alternatives

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Globalisation: is the term used to describe the increased pace of interconnectedness that has taken place over recent years. It came about as a result of two developments. Firstly, technological changes have enabled information and goods to travel much faster than before, making it easier to transport things and communicate with people. Secondly, the spread of a new political philosophy of liberalisation led to the removal of trade barriers. As a result of globalisation, foreign trade and investment have grown dramatically. Fair trade campaigns such as Ethical Clothing Australia and FairWear have been developed to help monitor and assist in better workplaces.

Positives:
- interconnectedness
- more interesting and cross-cultural design
- new technologies
- movement of goods and trade
- manufacture goods at lower cost (offshore)
- easy distribution (international factory - warehouse - online store)

Negatives:
- sweatshops
- loss of jobs australia

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Because most companies understand the different product life cycle stages, and that the products they sell all have a limited lifespan, the majority of them will invest heavily in new product development in order to make sure that their businesses continue to grow.

"Revamping" products can reintroduce a product to the cycle.

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Definition:
A particular group of consumers at which a product or service is aimed

Who?
Consider:
- Age
- Gender
- Race/ethnicity
- Climate/location

e.g. 12 - 17year old girls in Australia
e.g. International Clients
e.g. Boutiques
e.g. Children and/or Swimwear and/or Lingerie
e.g. Louis Vuitton Supreme collection - due to the brand name, the company can sell the product for high prices due to its high demand.

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LOW SALES
LOTS OF COSTS
LOTS OF MARKETTING

- Was founded in 1995.
- Was to import stockings and then over the years underwear started.
- Mens cotton athletic singles were one of the original products.

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MODIFICATIONS
MAINTAIN MARKET

- The chesty BONDS label became synonymous with Australian masculinity, this was a recognised icon.
- 50million singlets
- 70's 80's - popular well known brand, became unisex

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LESS SALES AND PROFIT
SWITCH TO CHEAPER PRODUCTION

Chesty BONDS singlets are an example of a textile item that has been modified and repromoted to extend its lifecycle. In 1992, Paul Mercurio, the start of the Australian film Strictly Ballroom, wore Chesty BONDS singlets, and a new generation saw them as a desirable piece of clothing.

White tops were referred to as "wife beaters"  which was met with controversy and contributed to the product decline.

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Niche - Concentrating all marketing efforts on a small but specific and well defined segment of the population.
e.g.

children
Aromatherapy socks
fishing/camping
underwear
Bras and Things
school uniform
plus size/too small

Mass - The mass market is the largest group of end consumers for a specified product.
e.g.
H & M
GeneralPants
Zara
Lowes
Topshop

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Appropriate and sustainable resources - current problems

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Appropriate and sustainable resources - current problems

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- Pollution
Water
- chemicals in water ways, tanning and dyeing chemicals
o Tanning and dyeing chemicals = run into waterways
o Pesticides used in farming = run into waterways
Energy/Air
- fossil fuels, pesticides (also human pollution and disease)
o Fossil fuels used to generate energy = not renewable
o Pesticides in farming
Land
- pesticides and ruining of soil
o Fibre growth/farming = contaminate soils with chemicals
o Packaging = landfill
o Fabric scraps = landfill
o Unwanted textiles products = landfill

- Recycling
Fast fashion
- buying too many clothes
- landfill of clothes and  leathers (non-biodegradable)
- second-hand stores not being able to keep up
Australia has a culture of donating clothes to charity. But anecdotally, only about 15% of donated clothing is sold again locally, 25% goes directly to landfill, and the other 40-50% into the global second-hand trade. NACRO reports that 70 million kilograms of second-hand clothing were exported from Australia in 2012 – sent to Pakistan and Malaysia.

Australians buy an average of 27 kilograms of new textiles each year and then discard about 23 kilograms goes into landfill  – and two-thirds of those discards are synthetic/plastic fibres that may never breakdown.
Annual consumer expenditure on textiles is 28.5 billion Australian dollars
Textile waste
- dye waste
- fabric scraps
http://textilebeat.com/aussies-send-85-of-textiles-to-landfill/
http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-01-12/australias-obsession-with-new-clothes-hurting-the-environment/8177624
http://textilebeat.com/the-numbers-on-textile-waste/
http://iview.abc.net.au/programs/war-on-waste-stories/DC1624H013S00#playing
http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Products/4655.0.55.002~2013~Main+Features~Chapter+4+Waste?OpenDocument
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BqkekY5t7KY

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TCF Post 2005 (SIP) Scheme. - Textiles Clothing Footwear Post 2005 Strategic Investment Program Scheme.
The textile industry is restructuring: because of issues;
- cost of goods too expensive (imports/exports)
- not keeping up with global market (protection)
- loosing manufacturing jobs due to cheap overseas labour (re-training)

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Free Trade Agreement (chile, china, peru, singapore, thailand, PNG etc)
- lower or zero tarrif (duty is applied directly to raise the price of imports and restrict trade in some instances.)
- increase of costs of domestic production and manufacture is bad for australian workers and employment
http://dfat.gov.au/trade/agreements/pages/trade-agreements.aspx
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gew37so4S2E

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e.g. awareness of skin cancer leading to design of rash vests and board shorts
A fabric can be labelled with the UPF (Ultraviolet Protection Factor) Certification Trade Mark swing tag when it is approved by the Australian Radiation and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA).
- sportswear fashion
- ugg boots (socially accepted)
- ethical clothing, sweatshop free, animal cruelty
- sensitive skin
- plus size

https://www.arpansa.gov.au/our-services/testing-and-calibration/ultraviolet-radiation-testing/labelling-sun-protective-clothing/upf-trademark

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 Product Innovation – The Green Advantage
o Australian Government initiative
o Aims to ensure the ongoing sustainability of Aus business + increase accessibility innovative
and environmentally-sustainable products

 Pesticides Act 1999 (NSW)
o Controls + regulates used of pesticides

 Protection of the Environment Operations (Clean Air) Regulation 2002
o Sets maximum limits on emission from activities

 Work, Health and Safety Act 2012 (NSW)
o Changed the law so better standards are in place
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-AD7sazeEO8 - WHS Laws

protection of land 1997 - protection of air, water and soil pollution

ozone depletion 1989 - control of pollution that
destroys the ozone layer

Environmentally hazardous Chemicals Act 1985
- allows regulation of chemicals of environmental concern, some may require lisences to be used. Involves storage and waste associated.

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- Designing a product/service that sells well
- Target market (including customer research)
- Budget (cost of goods/labour)
- Is it possible?
- Perceived obsolescence (making poor quality)
- Trends (making cheaper versions)

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- Cost for materials, manufacturing, promote it and sell
- Target market (what are they willing to spend?)
- priced high or low
- include a profit 10%
- More cost makes product seem better quality
- Discounts/sales
- Competitive (matched prices)
- Cost of labour
- Consider pricing and overheads (rent, electricity, purchasing of equipment, etc.)
Pricing too low may mean loss of funds and pricing too high may not accept the value for quality - it is a balance to get price structure right.
Assess demographic of target market, i.e. who has high disposable income
Quality vs. Price

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- Social media (inexpensive and more effective) (target specific people e.g. facebook ads)
- Public places (magazines, bus stops)
- Telemarking/door-to-door
- Markets
- Special offers
- Runway shows/Exhibitions
- Celebrities
- Influences (pr packages)

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- Online stores
- Markets
- Store fronts
- Shopping malls
- Outlet/Retails
- Home selling
- Mail order

Pro - partnerships can develop

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TCF Small Business Program
- including grants and incentives to encourage and help small businesses succeed
- textiles, training

Labour Adjustment Program
- the need for Australian manufacturers to re-train and work with new technologies is extremely important especially with how much we do offshore assembly.
https://www.gov.mb.ca/labour/standards/labouradjust.html

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the development of strong export markets is essential for Australia to remain competitive on a global scale.
Australia has a variety of import and export assistance programs to help strengthen our market (encouraging companies to export for manufacture)