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Nur Atiqah Amni Binti Mohd Ayob
M17B
IB STUDENT
17
GENERAL SURGEON(?) TO BE
Psychology

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Definition: The act of verifying the identity of an owner of a device or an account to ensure security and privacy to access a system.

Characteristic: An identification method to accurately identify or recognize a user to access a system.

Examples:
1. When registering/ signing up for a new account, a system would provide captcha to  to ensure the user is not a robot on micellaneous purposes.

2. When doing a transaction, you cannot refresh the page or close it to avoid interrupting it because you have to re-login/ re-enter password.

Non-example:
1. A system that automatically save password using Google Smartlock let user have access to system without going through login page.

2. Wifi password when already saved in the  phone can connected automatically whenever connection is reached.

3. Invalid password. Wrong key-in for the password results in inaccurate password.

TECHNOLOGY: Biometrics Identification
Essential Characteristics:
1. They have 2D and 3D system.
2. Identification for fingerprint, retina, facial features and voice recognition.
3. Information of user  is stored in a database.
4. Facial identification consist of identifying the nodal points and is not 100% exact.

Non-essential characteristics:
1. Colour and high resolution.
2. Irises scanning

Examples:
1. Fingerprint scan in airport Immigration.
2. Siri and Alexa in mobile devices.

Non-examples:
1. Outdated data.
2. Front camera of iphone can detect and give access to identical twin.
3. Does not have the same server for every computer in a store.

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What is the current system problem? Maybe the system is inadequate.

Provide a software.

Entity-relationship diagram: rarely used

Data flow diagrams: at this stage what happen and so on.
Data flows: when a student cliks submit, what would happen?
When you buy sth from lazada, what would haappen? (step by step process)
Data stores: Draw like when sth is submit, it go into database.

Project dictionary: All the terms you use for your project
so that if someone take away the project from you, they would know what is it about. Better draw.

Decision table: If yes, what happen, if no, what happen. can use for criterion D.
Website: all links work, background standard, image appear.

Packaged software: off-the-shelf software. Microsoft office. Default software, like games in android
Custom software: custom-made only for you. Might get people to do it for you. can be done on ur own or external.
Outsourcing: get people from some other place to do custom programme.  you can actually outsource software from India. can be piracy issue. Security issue.

IA: Use dummy data, not actual. must include whatever version of software that is used. Whats the bandwidth.
https://my.godaddy.com/domains/personal-domains?isc=gofhmy10&currencytype=myr&slid=&pgrid=46463486087&ptaid=kwd-296914754384&mkwid=s3shTyEF2_pcrid_257936711233_pkw_godaddy_pmt_e_pdv_c_&gclid=EAIaIQobChMIh5mWjquT3AIVVQwrCh3wLwd_EAAYASAAEgL57PD_BwE

Democratization - bitcoin
- etps wallet
-dinar coin
-cryptocurrency
- fiat money

data-flowing diagram for a system.

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Intellectual Property - Provide protection of other people creations to avoid plagiarism and reduction of said people's income.

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Intellectual Property - Provide protection of other people creations to avoid plagiarism and reduction of said people's income.

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Real Definition: Intellectual property refers to the protection of creations or  inventions; literary and artistic works; designs;  and images used in commence.

Characteristic:
Rights to protect what is yours, or your ideas.

Examples:
1. Trademark application:
Symbols that identify the products as yours. May be registered with government to protect your rights.

2. copyrights:
legal rights (license) to anything you create to fight piracy.

3. Patent application:
for machines and manufactured products.

Non-examples:
1. Passwords to access a webpage that contains your work (authetication)

2. Only authorized access to a work (policy)

Technology:
watermark app
photoshop

Intended usage:
(+ve)
-    source of income for the creator (Access or raise finance for your business)
-     Market your products and services

Non-intended usage
(+ve)
-      for charities or anything that is not of our benefit
-     educational used -  sci-hub
(-ve)
-      make copies of the work;

-      distribute copies of thework;

-      perform the work publicly (such as for plays, film, dances or music);

-       display the work publicly (such as for artwork, or stills from audiovisual works, or any material used on the Internet or television); and

-      making modifications, adaptations or other new uses of a work, or translating the work to another media).

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- GUIDED IS SECURED, people must have authorised access
- UNGUIDED IS NOT. Might be far away. People from the outside can have access to the network
- MAN metropolitan area network  huge area(UITM SHAH ALAM/ SEOUL), LAN l(LAB), WLAN - wide , large geographic areaarea network- internet itself is wlan. (Wifi UNIFI)
- peer-to-peer network create w/o using a server. might have the same IP number. IP conflict from the human.
- IP address must be unique.
- INTRANET same tech as internet except allowed only inside the same company
- EXTRANET allow ceertain company into the internet
- using the same router would provide same IP
- help to reduce electromagnetic interference
- coEX cable in TV
- optic fibres use light, not disturb by electromagnetic waves, fibre optics, cost higher
-

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Teleworking telecottages virtual office mobile workers
- bussiness affected by internet
TV, Radio
- how to verify that you are actually doing the online exam
- i exam we have to justify the disadvantage and advantage
- cut course for travelling
- dont need dresscode

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personal communication devices

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networking, personal communication

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intended usage;
+ve
-ve

non-intended usage:
+ve
-ve

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Japan tapping Gait Recognition Tech in Criminal Probes

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Gait recognition technology, a method to identify people by characteristics shown unconsciously in the ways they walk, is being utilized in criminal investigations in Japan.

The technology enables the identification of individuals even from images taken from a distance and low-resolution footage. According to advocates, a video image of only two strides is sufficient to identify a person with a high rate of accuracy, based on arm swings, length of stride and other characteristics.

Researchers are working to improve the accuracy of the technology with the use of artificial intelligence.

In a brazen daytime attack in Tokyo's upscale Ginza district in April 2017, a man was robbed of some ¥40 million on a street after he had converted gold into cash.

The police collected footage from some 740 security cameras, according to informed sources. The gait recognition technology helped identify three of the four men arrested in the case even though they wore face masks or helmets when they committed the crime.

The technology can identify people even if they pretend to be others, because they "show their own unique gait patterns unconsciously," said Hironori Yamauchi, a senior official of the Japan Image Analysis Association and a professor emeritus at Ritsumeikan University.

The National Police Agency's National Research Institute of Police Science introduced the gait recognition system in 2013 on a trial basis and used it in investigations of some 60 cases. Analyzed data have sometimes been used as evidence during trials.

Yasushi Yagi, a professor at Osaka University's Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, which developed the gait recognition system, has come up with new technology that can identify with 96 percent accuracy a person walking in different directions in video images.

The new technology, announced last November, builds on an AI technology known as deep learning for processing large volumes of data. The AI learned gait patterns of some 10,000 people of various ages.

Yagi said he hopes to develop a system for tracking terror suspects based on gait patterns registered in advance using the new technologies, with the aim of employing it at large-scale events such as the 2020 Tokyo Olympics and Paralympics.

"In the future, I also want to apply the technologies to check health of people from the ways they walk," he said.

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Japan tapping gait recognition tech in criminal probes | The Japan Times

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Gait recognition technology, a method to identify people by characteristics shown unconsciously in the ways they walk, is being utilized in criminal investigations in Japan. The technology enables the identification of individuals even from images taken from a distance and low-resolution footage.

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Perform Prepaid Top Up  via Maybank2u web

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https://www.benefitnews.com/news/paychex-adds-iris-scanning-time-clock-to-hcm-system

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HR managers can now keep an eye on employees' hours with a new iris scanning feature from Paychex, in what the company claims is the fastest and most accurate time product on the market.

The InVision Iris Time Clock, which uses biometric iris screening to clock employees in and out of work, is the latest addition to the Paychex Flex HCM system.

In a fraction of a second, the iris scanning device records 240 unique features in an employee's eye and creates a binary code to confirm that an employee - not their coworker - is clocking in or out. The string of numbers, rather than an image, makes sure that no personal identifiable information is running through the time clock - an important security feature. If companies use Paychex Flex as its HCM system, the time clock will automate with payroll.

Bloomberg

"We wanted something that was more secure and reliable with less of a failure rate," says Josh Mazza, product manager for time and attendance at Paychex. "It's virtually impossible to game the system."

The module, which can be purchased independently or as one of the stacks within the HCM system, costs $4 per employee per month, Mazza says. There also is a $150 monthly fee for the iris scanning device, and companies tend to require one or two devices per location, he says.

See also: Ximble adds time tracking service to suite

Paychex claims that iris recognition technology, prior to its product, was quite expensive.

"We're opening it up to a set of customers where this really fits in an affordable way," Mazza says.

It supports up to 50,000 employees, Mazza says, noting that few of their clients are bigger than that.

For industries like construction and healthcare, where employees are likely to have dirty hands or wear gloves, the iris scanning is more effective than a fingerprint scan, says Tom Walsh, founder and managing partner of healthcare information security firm tw-Security.

"It's one of the most reliable biometrics," he says. "When you talk about biometrics with a fingerprint, your issue there is infection control. Infection control people don't want people swiping fingerprints."

However, Walsh notes that regardless of which time clock system an employer uses, it still serves as an audit; a nurse will need to fill out patient notes and a janitor will still be responsible to clean an area.

"If someone [in the system] has shown they were there on a particular day, but they were absent, I would see that as fraud," he says.

Paychex declined to name how many employers have signed on to use the product.

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Paychex adds iris scanning time clock to HCM system

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HR managers can now keep an eye on employees' hours with a new iris scanning feature from Paychex, in what the company claims is the fastest and most accurate time product on the market. The InVision Iris Time Clock, which uses biometric iris screening to clock employees in and out of work, is the latest addition to the Paychex Flex HCM system.

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https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/jan/08/rhinoceros-dna-database-successful-in-aiding-poaching-prosecutions

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A large database of rhinoceros DNA is successfully being used to prosecute poachers and those trading rhino horns, new research has revealed.

While numbers of the southern white rhino - the only wild subspecies of white rhino in Africa - have grown to about 20,000, fewer than 5,500 black rhinos are thought to exist in the wild, and both species are affected by poaching.

The animals' horns are traded for their use in traditional Asian medicines, and poaching is soaring - in part as a result of rumours that a former politician in Vietnam was " cured of cancer " using a rhino horn remedy. Figures for 2016 suggest that poachers killed more than 1,050 rhinos in South Africa alone.

Now researchers working on DNA-based forensic testing have shown just how powerful the technique is in fighting the illegal trade and bringing criminals to justice.

"Based on a really solid number of animals, both white and black rhinos, we can get solid match statistics to show 'that' horn is definitely from 'that' carcass," said Dr Cindy Harper, a co-author of the study from the University of Pretoria in South Africa.

The set-up, known as the Rhinoceros DNA index system or RhODIS, was established in 2010, and currently contains more than 20,000 rhino samples from living animals, stockpiled horns and forensic cases - such as poaching.

The authors say the latest study shows just how powerful the database is in linking forensic evidence to particular animals.

Published in the journal Current Biology, the researchers describe how they selected samples from 3,085 white rhinos and 883 black rhinos from the database and examined their DNA, comparing the number of times particular patterns are repeated at certain locations in their genomes.

"It is similar to human DNA profiling for forensic cases now," said Harper, pointing out that the team looked at repeated patterns at 23 locations in the genome.

The results not only reveal that black rhinos fall, as currently thought, into three subspecies, and wild white rhinos into one, but also sheds light on the genetic variation within different populations.

Moreover, the team were able to use the genetic data from the 3,986 rhinos to calculate the probability that a match between a forensic sample and a particular rhino could crop up by chance.

So far more than 120 criminal investigations have included genetic evidence, based on the RhODIS system, as part of a court case.

Looking at genetic data from nine of the cases, the team found while the probability of a chance match varies for each case, it is about one in several million for white rhinos and is even more remote for black rhinos, due to their higher genetic variability. "In a population of 20,000 [white rhinos], that is a pretty good match that you can be pretty certain of," said Harper.

That, she added, is vital for a prosecution. "That's what we need to show, because one of the defence's arguments [in court] could be 'yeah, but it could have been another rhino that matched,'" she said.

One criminal case in which a genetic match led to a prosecution was that of a Kenyan individual who in 2017 was sentenced to 11 years in jail after blood on a carpet was matched to the horn of a black rhinoceros.

The team are continuing to work to increase the number of rhinos in the database and analyse the data for all samples currently collected, to improve the statistics even further. And after South Africa lifted its ban on domestic rhino horn trading last year, Harper says the forensic technique is more important than ever to prevent "blood horns" leaking onto the market.

Dr Tanya Wyatt, an expert in the illegal wildlife trade from Northumbria University said conservation work was also vital. "This is helpful maybe for deterrents and prosecutions, [but] it shouldn't be taken on its own," she said. "We really still need to make a lot of effort in protecting the rhinoceros from being poached in the first place."
Topics

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Rhinoceros DNA database successful in aiding poaching prosecutions

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A large database of rhinoceros DNA is successfully being used to prosecute poachers and those trading rhino horns, new research has revealed. While numbers of the southern white rhino - the only wild subspecies of white rhino in Africa - have grown to about 20,000, fewer than 5,500 black rhinos are thought to exist in the wild, and both species are affected by poaching.

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SPOKANE, Wash. -- Parents in Washington have a new tool to track the success and failure of their public schools.

It is an online database called "Washington School Improvement Framework" and the data is collected by the Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction. The database meets a federal requirement under the Every Child Succeeds Act to track student and school data.

The information can be broken down by report cards for the whole state or down to student groups at each school in your district.

The database goes beyond test scores and graduation rates. High schools are rated based on whether ninth graders are on track to graduate on time and whether students have access to dual credit programs like Running Start or Advanced Placement Classes. All schools are also rated on how many students are chronically absent.

All the data is combined into an overall score for each school. It also breaks down the scores for each ethnic group within that building.

KREM 2 pulled report cards for high schools in the Spokane Public Schools district. The high school with the highest percentage of 9th graders on track to graduate is Ferris High School at 81.7 percent for all students. Taking a closer look though, only 73.1 percent of low income students at the school are expected to graduate on time. Rogers High School came in at 55.7 percent, the lowest rate of 9th graders on track to graduate.

As for regular attendance rates, Rogers High School once again came in with the lowest percentage of 63.9 percent of all students. Lewis and Clark High School appears to have the best attendance with a rate for 80.8 percent.

School districts are required to make improvements based on this information. Spokane Public Schools leaders said it is still looking over the information as it was made available just last week. They add that the district is very interested in what the data can tell them about its students.

"We're looking at it collectively and each of our schools are looking at it," Lorna Spear, director of early learning. "We're just starting conversations to try to see trends and patterns that we can work together to better support our students."

KREM 2 will check back in with the district once it has had chance to look over the data and update you on improvements the district plans to make.

You can look up your school district by visiting this website. Click on the "Washington School Improvement Framework" box. Then choose "SIF Data Display" tab near the top of the page. Pick your school district and school.

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New database helps Wash. parents keep track of their child's schools

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SPOKANE, Wash. -- Parents in Washington have a new tool to track the success and failure of their public schools. It is an online database called "Washington School Improvement Framework" and the data is collected by the Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction.

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a good recognition should have multiply recognition system, voice, movement, facial.

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1.

The Global Cost of Electronic Waste

https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2016/09/the-global-cost-of-electronic-waste/502019/
2.

E-Waste and the Importance of Electronics Recycling https://www.thebalance.com/e-waste-and-the-importance-of-electronics-recycling-2877783

3.

422 Million Phones That No One Picks Up https://www.thebalance.com/smartphone-buyback-industry-2878186

4.

Business Opportunities in the Electronics Recycling Sector https://www.thebalance.com/opportunities-electronics-recycling-sector-2878174

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My old phone is broken.
Don't have a selfie cam.
Not enough memory.