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Dear students, I'm very happy to read your posts. I think you have comprehended Marx core theory. I have given feed back to your posts and let's discuss your feed back on mine tomorrow in the class. You can also answer directly in this page. See you!

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Hegemony in Germany by Nazi (Dera Rahman, Denisa Istifani, Kafian Dimas)

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Hegemony in Germany by Nazi (Dera Rahman, Denisa Istifani, Kafian Dimas)

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Hegemony in the Military of Nazi

1)      Marxism theory

As we know, Marxism is a system of economy and social which based upon Karl Marx. Marx made it as he saw Capitalism as a system that exploit the workforce (Proletariat) in order to make profits for the ruler (Bourgeoisie). From this exploitation, Marx thinks that people need to fight back against it. But, a lot of people disagree to Marx. It is because the people are feeling comfortable with that. And when the Proletariat felt comfortable, it is called Hegemony, a concept by Antonio Gramsci.

2)      Hegemony

Hegemony is a term when there is a ruling class (Superstructure) toward a lower class (Base). The problem is that the Base feels comfortable to that. Throughout the history, there are lots of time where this hegemony happened. And for our example, we will take the military power of Nazi in World War 2.

3)      Nazi’s military movement

In World War 2, Nazi was one of the strongest army. They had taken Austria and Czech in 1938. And in the following years, Nazi occupied Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France until 1940. With those regions on hand, Nazi become the ruling power of the regions.

For our group, Nazi at its top peak is where we can see the hegemony. In that time, the society’s life became better. There are lots of life improvements such as improved transportation, better job opportunities, secured law and order, and others. The majority people felt this False Consciousness which was given by the Superstructure, Nazi. In reality, the life was actually got more stricted than ever. For example wages went lower, freedom was taken away, and no outside cultures allowed. These are the characteristics of true hegemony. The Superstructure blinds the Base with lies. Our group also thinks that Nazi had done a good job to protect their true intentions by giving lots of propagandas in media.

Even though Nazi had taken a lot of countries, our group only thinks that the hegemony only happened inside the Germany. It is because we only see the regime of Nazi on the other countries outside Germany was not lasted very long. Therefore, the society outside Germany must felt the new dictatorship was not a very comfortable one. And the comfortableness is one of the key words of hegemony.

Even though we are talking about military hegemony, the Base is the people of German and the Superstructure is Nazi. It is because Superstructure is all about the side which controls the norms, ideology, products, and intellectuality, while the Base is the side which was expected to enjoy these things from Superstructure.

For our group, Nazi is one of the examples which has hegemony in its society, especially from its expanding power in World War 2. A new dictatorship always produce a hegemony.

Nazism rejected the Marxist concept of class struggle, opposed cosmopolitan internationalism, and sought to convince all parts of a new German society to subordinate their personal interests to the "common good" and to accept the priority of political interests in economic organisation.

In Hitler era as the dictator  the democration in German is end. With ideas and their power, they had plan to remove humans right and begin to made ‘volk’ community which ally all social class for all germany under Hitler’s lead. However, the third ‘Reich” become the State Police which many people under arrestwithout compunction. The first few months Hitler’s era, he begin to made a regulation which persist all politic party and government to be in one way under control of nazi Especially Culture, Education, Economic, and Rule. All worker, and employer insist to join with Nazi’s Organization.in the middle of jule 1933, Nazi party become the only one official party in germany. The principle of Nazi party is the power of leader is absolute for every subordinate.

When Hitler speak in his speech about ‘pure German race’, Hitler and Nazi believe and begin to shaped the ideology of what they believe and spead it widely by poster, radio, film, in class, and newspaper. They begin to make this ideology happen by limited the born children which consider “inferior.” In 1933, many doctor in german are allowed to sterilize the people which is their target to have no descendant. Their targets are romanian (gipsi), including blind and deaf people. Hitler and Nazi gazes that jewish is not group of religion instead a ‘poison race.’ When Hilter leads, all Nazi’s teacher begin to applied the ‘principle’ to know their race. They begin to measure the head, nose, eyes color, har color so they can figured that their student is true “Aryan race”. Jewish, and Romanian (gipsi) student are often being jokes remark.

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The Exploitation of Trainees in South Korean Agency (Group 2: Dewi Arum Sari, Rabiatul Adawiyah, Zarimah Shakun)

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The Exploitation of Trainees in South Korean Agency (Group 2: Dewi Arum Sari, Rabiatul Adawiyah, Zarimah Shakun)

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The example of culture practice that can be seen with Marxism theory is the training program that required by the music agency before someone could debut or publish their work to public. Usually, some music agencies, especially in South Korea, oblige its expected singers/artists to follow a training program for months or even years. Based on Marxism theory, there are so called superstructure known as the dominant class or the ruling class and  base which is known as the proletariats. The superstructure that controls the power is the music agency while the base whose follow the control of the dominant is the trainees. Music agency could be seen as superstructure because they have the qualifications to be the one to dominate the class which are capital, modal, production tools, and intellectual that could force the base to accept the domination of the music agency. The trainees as the base of the class have a false consciousness that is created by music agency. They are  actually unconscious that they are being exploited by music agency to gain many profits as much as possible by promising a place to distribute their talent and gain popularity.

Take a look at YG Entertainment, known as one of the big three music agencies in South Korea, which is a South Korean entertainment company established in 1996 by Yang Hyunsuk (CEO). It operates as record label, talent agency, music production company, event management and concert production company, also music publishing house. YG Entertainment certainly has many trainees that joined the company through audition not only in South Korea but abroad.

In 2014, they made a survival program for 6 male trainees named Team B and other 3 new trainees added known as Mix and Match. It was to create a new generation of YG’s boyband. The trainees must compete to be included in the line up to debut, that is only 7 of 9 members who will debut later. It was being aired on local channel tv, Mnet (Mnet is cooperating with YG Ent.). Mnet has a role as the tool of YG Entertainment to promote the trainees and the program itself. Even before officially debut, the trainees had been exploited through survival program which was aired on tv. This survival program was designed epicly. It showed how hard the trainees had to run their training days to reach their top goal which is to debut as a boyband. During this survival program, they held fanmeeting in three different countries, Japan, China and South Korea. The agency aims to expand their market not only in Korea. Besides Japan and China are not that far from South Korea, these two countries have big potentials to reach the capitalist’s goals. Japanese and Chinese fans are known for their loyalty and will do anything regarding their idols. By introducing those trainees to public, the trainees and the program itself will gain much attention. It was proven by how huge the interest that the public showed toward this program, especially toward the 9 trainees. The trainees were being exploited whether they were conscious or unconscious of it. It shows how they actually have false consciousness. The trainees as the base will gain popularity, love and fans before they debut, and the agency and Mnet as the superstructures will gain much profits like gaining much money or attracting the investors to invest some stocks in YG Entertainment and Mnet. Moreover, this program was a big success back then.

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Yakuza in Japan (Kelompok 4: Haura Callista Nurena, Nuke Meidysa, Rosidah Sartika)

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Yakuza in Japan (Kelompok 4: Haura Callista Nurena, Nuke Meidysa, Rosidah Sartika)

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Yakuza are members of transnational organized crime syndicates originating in Japan. The yakuza are notorious for their strict codes of conducts and organized fiefdom-nature. The yakuza family has a structure that can be seen with Marxism. The superstructure, a single patriarch called kumicho, rules the clan. The kumicho  has various lieutenants, under-bosses and minor gang leaders beneath him. The kumicho rule the clan by giving orders and control everything. But the key to the hierarchy is the oyabun-kobun relationship, a set of father-son roles that binds all Yakuza clans together. In this relationship, the oyabun is the superstructure, because oyabun is the family boss or the foster father to the base, kobun or the son. The oyabun provides kobun advice and guidance along with protection and prestige, because most of the kobun are junior or high schoolers who are abandoned or exiled by their parents thus the kobun owed oyabun their absolute loyalty and unquestioning obedience. If kobun failed the oyabun, their punishment range from humiliation (expulsion from the clan) to the gruesome one (cutting off part of a finger).

According to a 2006 speech by Mitsuhiro Suganuma, a former officer of the Public Security Intelligence Agency, around 60 percent of yakuza members come from burakumin (a group that is socially discriminated against in Japanese society, descendants of outcast communities of the pre-modern, especially the feudal era, mainly those with occupations considered tainted with death or ritual impurity, such as butchers, executioners, undertakers, or leather workers) and approximately 30 percent of them are Japanese-born Koreans, and only 10 percent are from non-burakumin Japanese and Chinese ethnic groups. So, if we put Yakuza’s members background in Marxism’s perspective this organization was originally formed because the members want to get the government approval, they want to increase their level status in society through their activities. It is the basic idea of Marxism that we can correlate with Yakuza.

Many yakuza syndicates tends to embrace all the important aspect in life, especially social and economic. They do not deal with common people or small companies but they only targeting big companies, businessman, people in high position in social and government who have a bunch of money. So they do not reach citizens, but only people with power and the riches. Yakuza frequently engage in a unique form of Japanese extortion known as sokaiya. In essence, this is a specialized form of protection racket. Instead of harassing small businesses, the yakuza harasses a stockholders' meeting of a larger corporation. They simply scare the ordinary stockholder with the presence of yakuza operatives, who obtain the right to attend the meeting by making a small purchase of stock.

Yakuza also have ties to the Japanese realty market and banking, through jiageya. Jiageya specialize in inducing holders of small real estate to sell their property so that estate companies can carry out much larger development plans. Japan's bubble economy of the 1980s is often blamed on real estate speculation by banking subsidiaries. After the collapse of the Japanese property bubble, a manager of a major bank in Nagoya was assassinated, and much speculation ensued about the banking industry's indirect connection to the Japanese underworld.

In the beginning it seems that they only want to get approval, but as we can see how this organization has been developed rapidly, they are becoming so powerful. They have capital, tool production, capitalism and intellectuality. The income that they get is from business transaction, so they can produce any kind of business, and seeing how they develop since they formed until recently, it shows their intellectual, the existence of Yakuza isn’t only in Japan but also in Phillipine, Unite States of America, and Brazil. They almost rule the world and it is not impossible for them to become a capitalist since they get the world on their hands. It might be one of the reasons why Japan’s government keep their eye regarding Yakuza’s activity, Japan’s government tighten Anti-Yakuza law in order to limit Yakuza’s mobility and protect the citizens of Japan.

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Freeport's Domination in Indonesia by Annisaa Syifa N, Faisal Rasyid R, Puti Hafsah S (Group 6th)

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Freeport's Domination in Indonesia by Annisaa Syifa N, Faisal Rasyid R, Puti Hafsah S (Group 6th)

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The application of Marxism is spread out throughout the world in many forms. Where there are dominant side and controlled side, the substances of Marxism exist and one of the best example of the existence of Marxism in Indonesia is the existence of Freeport McMoRan Inc. in the heart of Papua, Indonesia through the hand of Freeport Indonesia. Freeport operates since 1967 until 2017 (it is rumoured that the contract will be expanded again). For 50 years, the precious resources in Papue are exploited vigourously by US as the origin country of Freeport. By means of that, Indonesia seems to lose its dignity in pride and resources. Indonesia loses their full right to manage and supervise its natural resources such as gold and copper. The exploitation itself leaves environment degradation and poverty. Something that should not be happened in a rich and resourceful area. So, it is no wonder if many separatistic movements appear in order to free Papua from another form of colonialization.

There are 13 millions ton copper in surface level of the ground and 14 millions ton  underground according to the calculation in Erstberg mine. If we base the result to the production costs for 50 years of contract, Freeport can obtain big profit from it. Moreover, there is a saying that Freeport McMoRan is the mine with the third biggest deposit of copper in the world – as for gold, it is the biggest in the world. Many researches believes that the ambition of Freeport in Papua is no longer about gold or copper. There is something more precious and expensive far under the ground. It is uranium, the main substance for nuclear energy.

Then, what is really Indonesia get from that ‘promising’ contract? Apparently, Indonesia only holds 9,23% of the share while Freeport holds 90,77%. That is such a big gap for an economic contract especially if it is between a corporation and a sovereign country. From this bitter phenomenon, we can draw line to the concept of Marxism. In Marxism, there is a battle between the “haves” and the “have‑nots,” between the bourgeoisie—those who control and the proletariat—those who are controlled (the majority). Freeport as the big corporation that handles from production cost until the final output plays the role as the controller while many Indonesian people who work as the mechanicians, miners, etc at Freeport are seen as the side that is being controlled. There are many reasons that support the dominance of Freeport in Indonesia such as although Freeport operates in Indonesia, still, the advanced technologies that are used in mining are come from US. Indonesia only provides the human resources since Indonesia is incapable of providing the appropriate machines. Also, US is strong in the finance compared to Indonesia. This is what makes US is easier to build a mine or corporation rather than Indonesia. Unfortunately, the strengths that US have do not followed by balance and fair treatment to Indonesia especially for Indonesian who work at Freeport. The struggle to gain equal rights may not appear if Freeport pays more attention to the condition of its workers as well as its surroundings (environment). If the salary that Freeport always said is enough, why the poverty in Papua is getting worse and worse day by day?

According to Wallerstein, there are four different class in world system, core, semi-periphery, periphery, and external. In short, core is where the controller countries are, semi-periphery is where the combination of core and periphery are (a country whose job to neutralize or stabilize), periphery is the controlled countries or third world countries, and external is where the countries with its own policy and standards maintain their own economy without much interference. Based on this we can see that US is included in the core. US provides many countries with economic supplies and most of them are followed by other agendas. It can be to strengthen its ideology of capitalism or to manipulate the stance of sovereignity in each countries including in Indonesia through their Freeport. It means Indonesia is in periphery. Indonesia provides domestic workers for Freeport. Even though many of them are the best in their area, still, the discrimination towards them is not in small amount.

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The Condition of Apple's  factory in China (Group 3: Aldo Bella Putra, Cesar Adi Pamungkas, Rafi Rafsanjani Maulid)

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The Condition of Apple's  factory in China (Group 3: Aldo Bella Putra, Cesar Adi Pamungkas, Rafi Rafsanjani Maulid)

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People nowadays want to life more efficient than they have been before. This phenomenon makes everybody want to get something that make their life easier. This social phenomenon is not being wasted by the capitalists. Apple is one of the biggest gadget manufacturer in the world after Samsung. It offers people with its glamorous and prestige. Also, Apple gives the idea that the user of Apple’s gadget has higher social class. The use of Apple is becoming a culture of those who praise themselves as high social class.

In this case, the capital owner of Apple can be seen as the superstructure. They establish the obligation everything to monopolize the business that they involved. The capital owners of Apple became the dominant class.  The workers of their factory and their user can be seen as the base. This happens to the workers in China who is unconsciously forced to get very low wages for their work in the factory, many people also called apple’s company as a ‘sweatshop’ because it’s not worth for the workplace and the employees only paid as little as £1.12 per hour.

According to 'Sunday Express' the newspaper from UK:

·         in 2010 14 workers killed themselves at that factory.

·          An undercover BBC investigation also claimed that staff often worked to the point of collapse.

·         In the BBC footage, exhausted workers were caught falling asleep on their 12-hour shifts at the Pegatron factories.

Some of them are disagree about the compliment while the other just submit to the obligation created by the superstructure and became ‘fatalist’. The users are also being the victim of the capitalist. They are forced to buy everything for their gadget in the iBox, but the users feel that they are not being exploited by the capitalist.

These case can lead to another problem that is social class conflict between the bourgeois or the capital owner and the proletarian or the workers of Apple. The capital owner feels that their workers is just slaves for them to make money, so they did not pay attention to their prosperity. The workers who feel the pain of being exploited cannot just quite, so they start to do demonstration to fight for their prosperity.

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Dhianissa Rahmi Mustika
Nadia Ekaputri
Yura Triana Meirani

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Topic: 'Arisan' Phenomenon in Indonesia (Group 5: Nita Amelinda, Sumaiyah, Yedia Nur Annisa) 14SC

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Topic: 'Arisan' Phenomenon in Indonesia (Group 5: Nita Amelinda, Sumaiyah, Yedia Nur Annisa) 14SC

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Indonesia is a country which consists of the consumptive society. Many kind of activities which are not important, can be considered as an important thing by some people. That thing happens to a lot of people who think that humans are social beings and they supposed to make a social contact between communities with one another.

In this term, we would relate this social interaction to the existence of a subculture that known as Arisan. In Indonesia, Arisan being one of the most popular phenomenon that indicated as a kind of community. Arisan usually refer to a group of women and or socialite women in which dealing with several wisdoms of their finance. It also can be known as a gathering project of their own members to roll their agenda. Arisan followed by people who are not small amount, because this activity raises funds from members of the community. Those who participated have a big stock for this activity. The fewer members who participate, the less goods will be returned.

Arisan supposed to be beneficial to organize member’s finance and also build a relationship between one to another member such as Arisan of family, Arisan of neighborhood, Arisan of certain relatives etc. Meanwhile, some Arisan communities recently consist of several members who has a particular standard, such as a fancy women or as known as socialite. Arisan in this frame makes the members to compete and show off their wealth in any form. Those things could be indicate by their appearance, for example they will try to show off their fashion which are glamour and splendid to make them being recognized by their community. The other things can be revealed by their transportation like owning the sport car, owning the latest car or the the most up-to-date transportation etc.

The members of Arisan who are considered as the riches or the wealthy part among the other members will possess a particular satisfaction. That thing then may impact to their role to become a dominant party in the community. They will dominantly formalize a way of life that create certain standardization to the other members. For instance, they able to manage their member’s necessity and being a person in charge of eating out gathering, weekend or holiday planning etc.

Another members who are a part of the community will be hesitate to the member who are wealthy. Usually, they will respect to those who are a dominant of the community rather than other members who are in the same class with them. Indirectly, they will accept how the dominant members treat them. They will follow the lifestyle of the dominant members with their false consciousness. In this case, they do not mind with a style which has been formed as long as they undertake the standard of their needs. For them who can’t afford that probably will be kicked out and can’t be respect by the other member in this community.

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Topic: Korean Wave/K-Pop in Indonesia (Asma, Hitaqy, Nadhila

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Topic: Korean Wave/K-Pop in Indonesia (Asma, Hitaqy, Nadhila

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Superstructure: Idol/ Actor Agencies in South Korea

Those agencies spread hallyu wave/korean wave through their products, including Korean music, Korean drama, Korean TV show and merchandises. They can manage to control fans from around the world, especially Indonesia to buy their products by 'selling' their good-looking and talented idols (either it is singer/actor/actresses/member of girl group or boy group) to Indonesian fans who are often like someone because of their talents and good looks, and also K-Dramas and K-TV show tend have unexpected and different plots or scenarios other than Indo and Hollywood Dramas and TV show. Member of boygroup or girlgroup also start to appear in drama and tv show. These strategies can make Indonesian fans be more interested in K-Pop and those who don't like to watch K-Drama, start to watch it because their idol act in the drama.

Base:

▶K-Pop Fans in Indonesia

Indonesian people, especially K-Pop fans in Indonesia are welcomed to new 'culture' including K-Pop as long as it doesn't violate the norms in Indonesia.

When they start to like K-Pop, they unconsciously keep themselves updated about their idol. They will buy the idol's album or dvd concert or other merchandises that are related to their idol. They also will watch their concert if their idol held a concert in Indonesia, or even in another country such as Singapore. Some of the fans even go to South Korea only to attend their idol's concert/fan meeting. They don't really care and consider it's fine when they spend their money on buying the concert/fan meeting ticket. In short, they will do everything as long as they can meet their idol. They also believe that buying their idol's album and merchandises are their way to appreciate their idol's hard work and to make them more famous.

▶K-Drama and K-Show fans in Indonesia

K-Drama started to be popular in Indonesia since it was showed in private television channel. Since then, many people like to watch K-Drama. Not only teenagers, but also adult because K-Drama have various and different content in every drama and they can relate it to the viewers's life. People who love K-Drama tend to watch the drama all night long. They don't mind to sacrifice their resting time to watch it. It can also happen to people who love watching Korean TV show. However, not all of people have cable TV to watch the newest K-Drama or K-Show  that aired. Private television channel in Indonesia also not airing K-Drama anymore. If it does, they only aired the old K-Drama. For K-Drama or K-Show fans who have a wifi access in their home or office, they still can update the dramas or the shows by streaming on some webs that provide K-Drama or K-Show online. Unfotunately, people who only rely on their mobile data to keep update the newest info of K-Drama and K-Show, will search of free wifi access or go to the internet cafe to download the dramas and the shows. There are also K-Drama or K-Show fans, in order to watch their favorite korean drama or korean show, they are willing to buy it in the illegal dvd shop.

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Assalammualaikum wr wb. Dear, students...Please copy paste ur discussion result here instead of attaching it (klik plus sign on the left edge of the page). Your result must be posted before Monday 1st May. Thank you and good luck! :)

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Assalammualaikum wr wb. Dear, students...Please copy paste ur discussion result here instead of attaching it (klik plus sign on the left edge of the page). Your result must be posted before Monday 1st May. Thank you and good luck! :)