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Proof of Ptolemy's geographical work through his work map

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Image of one of Ptolemy's works

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Ptolemy's Star Catalog

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Ptolemaic Model

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It is commonly known that Ptolemy used observations made by "Theon the Mathematician" or Theon of Smyrna. Ptolemy also credits Hipparchus with influence in his lunar and solar models.
Eventually, Vogt shows that Ptolemy may have copied some of Hipparchus's work in his star catalog, but he states that only some data was forged and the rest was merely influenced by Hipparchus and the earlier work was necessary for Ptolemy. The most recent claim of forgery made against Ptolemy comes from Sir Isaac Newton. Newton said that all of Ptolemy's work was forged and claimed to prove that all the work in the Almagest was fabricated.
Though Ptolemy's work was proven false by a number of later scientists he was still an important stepping stone in cosmology.

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https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ptolemy

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiiw_j33_zVAhUpiFQKHUXDC3oQjRwIBw&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.emaze.com%2F%40ATRQCWFQ%2FPtolemy&psig=AFQjCNHHxgKL_-EM5QB_vcEhsjippPJlPQ&ust=1504106592340170

http://luandsan2.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/6/3/13633948/3143717.jpg?276

http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Biographies/Ptolemy.html

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Ptolemy believed that the universe could be explained simply through Mathematics. He even called his book, the Almagest, "The Mathematical Collection". He explained in early chapters that the Earth was stationary and all other heavenly bodies formed a sphere around the Earth and rotated around it.
It is not known how much of his work is, in fact, original because most of the preceding astronomical works are now lost. This makes him possibly the luckiest Cosmologist in history, because the main reason his works are famous and influenced the sconce world for centuries is simply because his survived and remained legible while others didn't.
Ptolemy also credited Hipparchus with influencing his solar and lunar theories, but claimed that he was not an influence for planetary models.
He would prove his claims through mathematics and conduct his research through personal observation, as there was no concept of the scientific model.
In his books he created models of the stars, planets, and moon. He also created the Ptolemaic model, or Earth Centric model, of the solar system, and he claimed that astrology was a true, but not exact science.

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Ptolemy created the Earth centric model of the universe, otherwise known as the Ptolemaic System. Though this model was eventually proven wrong, Ptolemy offered a stepping stone for future cosmologists to further understand the universe and how the planets and other heavenly objects revolve around one another, despite Newton's gravitational theory not existing for roughly another 1500 years.
He is best known for his book the Almagest. This book was written based on 25 years of personal observation of the universe.

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Ptolemy depicted in a more Italian Renaissance style of clothing.

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Ptolemy was an astronomer of Greek descent that lived in Roman controlled Egypt from roughly 100 ce - 170 ce. He flourished in Alexandria, Egypt and is most known for his Ptolemaic System which was the Earth centered model of the Solar System. Practically nothing is known about his personal life except for his first major astronomical work, Almagest,  was written in roughly 150 ce and he was an established astronomer, mathematician, and geographer. Little is known about his education other than the fact that his books are written based on personal observation.