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American History

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•William James wrote  'The principals of psychology'

•William James was an understudy of William Wundt.
- Took William Wundt' discoveries/studies to the next level.

-Went to Harvard Medical School in (1864-1869) & Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences

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Gestalt Psychology

• This was led by Max Wertheimer focused on how we feel & experience the world.

• The whole of an experience can be more than the sum of its parts.

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Psychoanalysis:

•Wave of thinking started by Sigmund Freud (around 1900's)

•During this time people believed your true feeling
comes from a place called the 'unconscious'

• How do you tap into the unconscious? Either through dreams, or hypnosis.
example: the iceburg (only a small amount of the whole iceberg is visible above the surface. so the iceberg is like the mind)

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•William Wundt started his first psychological lab in 1879

•He also started an idea of Introspection called Structuralism.

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• Around this period (1900s)
people ignored your feelings, what mattered was your actions.

• Very popular around 1950's when social appearance mattered more than expressions.

• John Watson  was an American psychologist who established the psychological school of behaviorism.

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Introspection:

the examination or observation of one's own mental and emotional processes.

Structuralism:

a method of interpretation and analysis of aspects of human cognition, behavior, culture, and experience that focuses on relationships of contrast between elements in a conceptual system that reflect patterns underlying a superficial diversity.

Gestalt Psychology:

a movement in psychology founded in Germany in 1912, seeking to explain perceptions in terms of gestalts rather than by analyzing their constituents. ( a way to fundamentally understand your emotions)

psychoanalysis:

Psychoanalysis is a specialty in psychology that is distinguished from other specialties by its body of knowledge and its intensive treatment approaches. It aims at structural changes and modifications of a person's personality.

behaviorism

the theory that human             and animal behavior can be explained in terms of conditioning, without appeal to thoughts or feelings, and that psychological disorders are best treated by altering behavior patterns.

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• Eclectic is using a variety of methods of the many waves.

• Psychologists pick & choose different theories depending on the situation for the client.

For example: If you have cancer, your doctor will use a variety of methods in order to cure your disease. Meaning, Doctors are Eclectic.