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Paris Climate Agreement: Trump pulling out. 

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Paris Climate Agreement: Trump pulling out. 

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http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-40108659

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US President Donald Trump is poised to pull the country out of the Paris climate accord, US media report, quoting senior officials.

The 2015 accord for the first time united most of the world in a single agreement to mitigate climate change.

It was signed by 195 countries out of 197 in a UN group on climate change, with Syria and Nicaragua abstaining.

In a tweet on Wednesday, Mr Trump said he would announce his decision within the "next few days".

Climate deal is essential, says UN chief

What was agreed in Paris?

Climate change, or global warming, refers to the damaging effect of gases, or emissions, released from industry and agriculture on the atmosphere.

The Paris accord is meant to limit the global rise in temperature attributed to emissions.

Countries agreed to:

Keep global temperatures "well below" the level of 2C (3.6F) above pre-industrial times and "endeavour to limit" them even more, to 1.5C

Limit the amount of greenhouse gases emitted by human activity to the same levels that trees, soil and oceans can absorb naturally, beginning at some point between 2050 and 2100

Review each country's contribution to cutting emissions every five years so they scale up to the challenge

Enable rich countries to help poorer nations by providing "climate finance" to adapt to climate change and switch to renewable energy

To date, 147 out of the 197 countries have ratified the accord, including the US, where the accord entered into force last November.

Why does Trump object?

Mr Trump has previously called climate change "a hoax" devised by the Chinese government.

He promised to "cancel" the Paris deal during his election campaign last year, saying it was "bad for US business" because it allowed "foreign bureaucrats control over how much energy we use".

His supporters argue the accord restricts America's ability to do what it wants with its energy resources - an important sector of the economy.

However, under the accord, countries set emission limits themselves - not an outside panel.

A slap in the face - Analysis by BBC News environment correspondent Matt McGrath

If he does decide to pull out of the accord, the key question is how will he do it?

The agreement stipulates a three-year waiting period before a country can give notice of leaving, which adds another 12 months and brings us to June 2021.

It could be that President Trump will be out of office before the US would be out of the deal.

Alternatively he could declare that the agreement is a treaty which in US law needs approval by the Senate. It's likely that the Republican majority in the chamber would mean the end of the road for Paris.

A more extreme option would be to pull out of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change upon which the Paris deal is built.

It dates back to 1992 and was agreed by President George Bush, and left in place by his son, George W, who was no great fan of climate action.

Leaving this longstanding convention would only take 12 months, but would be seen as perhaps a bigger slap in the face for the international community, as it places strong emphasis on the environmental rights of developing nations.

Follow @MattMcGrathBBC

Can America leave just like that?

It remains unclear when or how the administration might plan to pull out of the climate agreement, the BBC's Paul Rincon writes.

A four-year period is required to quit the Paris deal but by pulling out of the UN's climate body - the UNFCCC - the US could extricate itself in one year.

However, this would represent a significant move: the US signed up to the convention in 1992, under then President George Bush Snr.

A small team including Environmental Protection Agency chief Scott Pruitt is working on the details of how the withdrawal will be executed, the Axios news site reports, quoting unnamed sources.

Does it matter if the US pulls out?

America is the world's second-biggest carbon dioxide emitter after China so its withdrawal would have a real impact.

Under the Paris accord, it is committed to reducing greenhouse emissions by 26-28% below its 2005 level by 2025.

There are fears that other countries could follow the US lead or show less commitment to the goals of the Paris accord.

However, China, India and the EU have indicated they will stick with the accord even if Mr Trump moves to withdraw the US.

Speaking to the BBC earlier, UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres said the accord would survive regardless of Mr Trump's position.

What's the reaction?

Environmental groups like the Sierra Club said American withdrawal from the Paris accord would be a "historic mistake", while Friends of the Earth said the move would "sacrifice our planet to the fossil fuel industry" and make the US the world's "foremost climate villain".

Tesla and SpaceX CEO Elon Musk threatened to step down from a pair of White House advisory councils if Mr Trump withdraws from the deal.

In recent days, the CEOs of dozens of companies including ExxonMobil Corp, Dow Chemical and Unilever NV have urged the White House to remain in the accord.
Exxon shareholders back 'historic' vote on climate
One of the US states leading the fight against climate change is California, and its governor told the BBC the US president was giving climate denial a bad name.

There are dissenting voices within Mr Trump's own party. Senior Republicans like Senator Lindsey Graham and Mitt Romney have warned the move threatens US standing and leadership.

UK Home Secretary Amber Rudd said the British government would be "disappointed" if the US pulled out but they would not tell President Trump he was wrong.

The French government said it would pursue a "very aggressive" policy to uphold the Paris accord.

Formidable forces tug Trump - BBC News North America reporter Anthony Zurcher

While a presidential decision to pull out of the Paris Agreement would roil the international community and frustrate White House advocates of addressing climate change - including Donald Trump's own daughter - there are formidable forces within the administration in favour of such a move.

Economic nationalists like senior adviser Steve Bannon view withdrawal as very visible way for the US to demonstrate that it's putting its own economic interests ahead of the concerns of the "international community".

Movement conservatives, including US Environmental Protection Agency head Scott Pruitt, are keen to strike a blow to the environmentalist coalition, which they view as creeping socialism cloaked in an earth-friendly guise.

Meanwhile, Mr Trump's working-class supporters - particularly those in the economically distressed coal-producing regions of West Virginia, Ohio and Pennsylvania that delivered victory to the president - are more concerned about jobs and their way of life, rather than the distant, amorphous threat of rising sea levels or shifting climate patterns.
Follow @awzurcher Read more of Anthony's take
A top EU official said Europe was ready to assume leadership on combating climate change.

"There is a much stronger expectation from our partners across the world from Africa, Asia and China that Europe should assume leadership in this effort and we are ready to do that," European Commission Vice-President Maros Sefcovic was quoted as saying by Reuters news agency.
Antarctic ice crack takes major turn
German government spokeswoman Ulrike Demmer said: "I can only reiterate the well-known position that the German government unequivocally supports the Paris climate agreement and is campaigning for it to be quickly implemented and hopes the USA remains committed to this agreement."

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Trump 'poised to quit Paris climate deal' - BBC News

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US President Donald Trump is poised to pull the country out of the Paris climate accord, US media report, quoting senior officials. The 2015 accord for the first time united most of the world in a single agreement to mitigate climate change.

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http://blogs.worldwatch.org/sustainableprosperity/leading-by-example-the-dutch-prepare-for-climate-change/

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A forthcoming report by NASA scientist James Hansen and his colleagues will statistically link recent extreme weather events to climate change. As evidence, Hansen points to Europe's 2003 heat wave, Russia's 2010 heat wave, and the recent severe droughts across 56% percent of the lower 48 states of the U.S.

This data paints a dire portrait of climate change. NASA documents the global changes through key indicators: global temperatures have increased an average of 1.5 degrees Fahrenheit over the past century. Arctic sea ice has decreased by over a million square miles in the past 30 years. Sea levels are now rising at a rate of 3.17 mm per year, which is significantly faster than sea level rise experienced 50 years ago.

These changes are happening today, and will grow more severe with time. Climate change has already led to dramatic changes within nomadic and coastal communities. Agricultural systems are being forced to accommodate the changing weather and climate patterns, or risk catastrophe. In order for society to successfully adapt to the changes in climate, policymakers must implement farsighted and comprehensive strategies.

In this shifting environmental reality, we can only achieve sustainable prosperity if policymakers realize that change is occurring rapidly and prioritize effective strategies to adapt to rising sea levels, increasing temperatures, and unpredictable weather patterns. Although long-term policy goals are often politically challenging to implement, the Dutch have demonstrated that preparedness can be achieved.

The Netherlands is a country particularly vulnerable to rising sea levels, as two-thirds of its population lives below sea level. Throughout its history, the Dutch have understood the inevitability of change and how society must work with nature for effective strategies. In 2007, the Dutch began preparing for the changing climate in the upcoming two hundred years. They recognize that their nation will continue to combat rising seas, and must act expeditiously in order to prevent further encroachment. In State of the World 2012, Erik Assadourian outlines the 200-year plan put forth by the Dutch, describing their strategy to spend $1 billion a year on climate change adaptation. Through such policies, it is clear that the Netherlands is focused on the long-term public interest and not short-term private interests. The Dutch plan combines innovative techniques like building surge barriers and extending the coastline, with more traditional methods, such as fortifying levees.

Creating and approving such a comprehensive, long-term climate plan is difficult, but implementing the plan will be even more challenging - though the Dutch are making headway. For example, Room for the River, seeks to improve floodplain functions while concurrently improving the environmental and economic qualities of life for those inhabiting the Waal River region. Additionally, Rotterdam, the second-largest city in the Netherlands, is developing new ways to live with water, including storing it in parking garages and skateparks, and by re-opening canals. Rotterdam hopes to be climate neutral by 2030. The Dutch are even addressing root causes, like dietary norms, in order to decrease greenhouse gas emissions. Recognizing that meat consumption is resource intensive and produces large amounts of methane, the Dutch government recently invested a million Euros in legislation to facilitate insect farming for human consumption -a very farsighted approach to address climate change.

Though the Dutch are greatly improving their resiliency in the face of long-term climate change, global society has been slow to follow suit. Long-term climate policy has been hampered by future uncertainties, a lack of stakeholder agreement on how to transition from fossil-fuel dependency to a low-carbon society, countries like the U.S. that has delayed international agreements on global warming, and a lack of financial mechanisms with which to fund mitigation and adaptation.

Policymakers are prone to address immediate concerns, such as the economic recession, but such governance will lead us headfirst into a catastrophic future, especially as continued growth currently depends on producing more greenhouse gases. By focusing on long-term strategies governments can implement the systemic changes necessary to ensure a secure and prosperous planet.
(Written by Alison Singer; Edited by Antonia Sohns)

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Leading by Example: The Dutch Prepare for Climate Change

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A forthcoming report by NASA scientist James Hansen and his colleagues will statistically link recent extreme weather events to climate change. As evidence, Hansen points to Europe's 2003 heat wave, Russia's 2010 heat wave, and the recent severe droughts across 56% percent of the lower 48 states of the U.S.