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Ball-and-socket joints- allow backward, forward, sideways, and rotating movements. (shoulder and hip)

Hinge joints- allow only bending and straightening movements. (fingers, knees, elbows, and toes)

Pivot joints- allow limited rotating movements. (neck)

Ellipsoidal Joints- allow all types of movement except pivotal movements. (wrist joint)

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Sagittal Plane- Cuts the body into left and right halves. (Forward and backward movements)

Frontal Plane- Cuts the body into front and back halves. (Side-to-side movements)

Transverse Plane- Cuts the body into top and bottom halves. (Twisting movements)

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Bone ends- where 2 bone ends meet

Articular Cartilage- Thin covering of cartilage that cushions the articulating bone surfaces.

Synovial Membrane- Lines the joint capsule and secretes synovial fluid, lubrication opposing surfaces of the bones.

Synovial Fluid- A thick liquid located between the joints.

Ligament Support- Support the joint by holding the bones together and resisting excess or abnormal joint motions.

Synovial Capsule- The completely closed cavity containing synovial fluid formed by the smooth cartilages covering the articular surfaces of the bones and the surrounding joint.

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Long bone – has a long, thin shape. (The bones of the arms and legs)

Short bone– has a squat, cubed shape. (The bones that make up the wrists and the ankles)

Flat bone– has a flattened, broad surface. (ribs, shoulder blades, breast bone and skull bones)

Irregular bone– has a shape that does not conform to the above three types. (The bones of the spine vertebrae)

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Shape- The deltoid is a large, triangular-shaped muscle that covers the shoulder. It is named because the Greek letter delta is a triangle.

Size- For the butt, the size of the muscles influences the names: gluteus maximus (largest), gluteus medius (medium), and the gluteus minimus (smallest). Another example are the pectoral muscles including major or minor.

Fiber Direction-  the abdominal muscles all indicated the direction of the fibers such as the rectus (straight), the obliques (at an angle) and the transverse (horizontal) muscles of the abdomen.

Location- Frontalis is used for the front of the bone, lateralis is for lateral or on the side, supra is above, infra is below, etc.

Action- flexor carpi radialis (flexes wrist), abductor magnus (adbucts the thigh), extensor digitorium (extends the finger), etc.

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The technical regions for the parts of the body

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The technical regions for the parts of the body

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Anatomical Position- standing, facing forward, arms at side, palms forward.

Anterior- front of the body

Posterior- back of the body

Midline- right and left sides, equal size

Medial- toward the middle

Lateral- away from the middle

Trunk- middle of body (not arms or legs)

Superior- closer to head

Inferior- below the head or away from the head

Superficial- toward the outside of the body (skin)

Deep- toawrd the inside of the body

Priximal- toward closer to the trunk (arms and legs)

Distal- away from the trunk (arms and legs)

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The sports medicine "team:" includes specialty physicians and surgeons, athletic trainers, physical therapists, coaches, other personnel, and, of course, the athlete.

How I learned this topic
What helped me learn this topic was watching the video on Kayla Montgomery. She was a track star that suffered from MS making it a struggle to run. Her sports medicine team was always there to help her and was super supportive. They did everything they could to make her as successful as possible. Through out the video we learned about her team, her condition and what each person in the team does to help her condition.

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Different roles between sports medicine professions

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Different roles between sports medicine professions

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When it comes to being a sports medicine professional there are a variety of options. Depending on the degree they can go into careers such as athletic trainer, physical therapist, chiropractor, orthopedic surgeons or nurses, and so many more. For example, an athletic trainer specializes in helping athletes prevent, diagnose, and treat different bone and muscle injuries. Where a physical therapist will evaluate and record a patients progress over the course of weeks. Generally they help anybody with an injury typically after surgery to get better.

How I learned this topic
I learned this topic by doing the "Sports medicine profession project". In this project we had to research and chose 2 types of professions we were interested in. By doing this research it really helped me realize what makes each profession to different and why each one is so important.

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Steps to activating EMS and the chain of survival

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Steps to activating EMS and the chain of survival

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- start by making sure the scene is safe
- ask the victim if they are okay
- if there is no response get someone to get an AED and someone else to dial 911.
- do what the operator on the other line is telling you to do.
- do not hang up until the operator tells you to

How I learned this topic
Throughout the few weeks of this unit we watched videos from the American Heart Association, where they showed all of the steps to activating EMS. After we watched those videos we practiced on dummies and our classmates. We also did a project that showed the steps.

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Universal Precautions are super important to any sports medicine job. They are the steps taken to avoid any contact with patients bodily fluids.

How I learned this topic
In class we watched a video where a sports medicine professional went over all of the universal precautions. After watching the video we answered 2 questions to show our understanding of the topic. Then w also got a pair of gloved where we practiced using them by taking them on and off properly.

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Environmental injuries are injuries that can happen at home, work, or recreational settings. The variety and severity of these injuries might require the clinician to call on skills from internal medicine, emergency medicine, and toxicology.

How I learned this topic
I learned this topic by doing the "Environmental Injuries Project" where we had to make a short PSA about our injury. I did mine on heatstroke and I provided details about what is is, what happens, and how to prevent or treat it.

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Skeletal and soft tissue anatomy for the shoulder

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Skeletal and soft tissue anatomy for the shoulder

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The shoulder is made up of two joints, the acromioclavicular joint and the glenohumeral joint.  The acromioclavicular joint is where the acromion, the scapula and the collar bone meet.  The glenohumeral joint is where the humeral head and the socket meet.  The rotator cuff connects the humerus to the scapula and is made up of the tendons of four muscles, the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor and the subscapularis

How I learned this topic
what helped me learn this topic was taking notes and learning what each bone, joint and tendon do.

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Skeletal and soft tissue anatomy for the knee

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Skeletal and soft tissue anatomy for the knee

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The knee is a meeting place for four bones, the femur, tibia, fibula, and patella. It requires several ligaments to keep these bones in place and maintain its ability to flex and bend. Between the heads of the femur and tibia are the menisci. These are the medial meniscus and lateral meniscus. These are horseshoe-shaped pads of cartilage, a kind of strong, flexible tissue. They lie opposite each other on the inner and outer edges of the tibia.

How I learned this topic
Doing the Q ankle assignment helped me with learning the knee. I think learning how to find it was super cool, rather than using the newer technology that's available now. It was interesting to find knew things with my partners. We found that my Q ankle was way larger than hers and my knees go in, which I never noticed.

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The ankle joint connects the leg with the foot, and is composed of three bones: tibia, fibula and talus. The tibia or shin bone and fibula or calf bone are bones of the lower leg which articulate with the talus or ankle bone, enabling up and down movement of the foot. The foot acts as a single functional unit, but can be divided into three parts: the hindfoot, midfoot and forefoot. There are 33 joints in the ankle and foot. Our feet and ankle bones are held in place and supported by various soft tissues such as cartilage, ligaments, muscles, tendons and bursae.

How I learned this topic
Taking notes, coloring, and learning all the different parts of the ankle help me the most. Being able to identify each part and what they do was really helpful.

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Movements that are associated with specific joints

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Movements that are associated with specific joints

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I learned this topic most by doing the Gait walking lab. I was able to see how my ankle  was and how it affected my alignment walking. The Q ankle lab also helped me learn this topic. Learning how to measure it and what it means was super interesting and helpful.