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(Civil War - Plessy)
With the exception of Haiti and a brief moment of radical reconstruction in the United States, there were no major social, economic, or political changes with emancipation. freed slaves had few political rights. The only change was that now they were legally free. The south created new ways to keep African Americans trapped and below them (the white).

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(Civil Rights Act - Obergefell)
Hodges, legal case in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled (5–4) on June 26, 2015, that state bans on same-sex marriage and on recognizing same-sex marriages duly performed in other jurisdictions are unconstitutional under the due process and equal protection clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

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Obergefell v. Hodges, Supreme Court, 2015

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Obergefell v. Hodges, Supreme Court, 2015

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Decided on June 26, 2015, Obergefell overturned Baker and requires all states to issue marriage licenses to same-sex couples and to recognize same-sex marriages validly performed in other jurisdictions. This established same-sex marriage throughout the United States and its territories.

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(Brown - Civil rights act)
The legal victory in Brown did not transform the country overnight, and much work remains. But striking down segregation in the nation's public schools provided a major catalyst for the civil rights movement, making possible advances in desegregating housing, public accommodations, and institutions of higher education.

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The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. The Act prohibited discrimination in public accommodations and federally funded programs. It also strengthened the enforcement of voting rights and the desegregation of schools.

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(Plessy - Brown)
The U.S. Supreme Court changes history on May 18, 1896. The Court's “separate but equal” decision in Plessy v. Ferguson on that date upheld state-imposed Jim Crow laws. It became the legal basis for racial segregation in the United States for the next fifty years. Before finally getting Brown v. Board.

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Brown v. Board of Education, Supreme Court, 1954

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Brown v. Board of Education, Supreme Court, 1954

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The Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board marked a shining moment in the NAACP's decades-long campaign to combat school segregation. In declaring school segregation as unconstitutional, the Court overturned the longstanding “separate but equal” doctrine established nearly 60 years earlier.

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Ferguson's decision upheld the principle of racial segregation over the next half-century. The ruling provided legal justification for segregation on trains and buses, and in public facilities such as hotels, theaters, and schools. The impact of Plessy was to relegate African Americans to second-class citizenship.

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(The Solitude of the Self - 19th)
Women's suffrage, women like Elizabeth Stanton and Susan B. Anthony fought for their rights. Their unwavering dedication to women's suffrage resulted in the 19th amendment to the Constitution, which granted women the right to vote. 50 years after the 15th amendment was passed they got it.

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(15th - The Solitude of the Self)
Female suffragists were disappointed when the final language of the 15th Amendment did not specifically protect the right of women to vote. Some women activists opposed the amendment for this reason. Fueling the women's suffrage, led by women like Elizabeth Stanton and Susan B. Anthony.

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Passed by Congress June 4, 1919, and ratified on August 18, 1920, the 19th amendment guarantees all American women the right to vote. Achieving this milestone required a lengthy and difficult struggle; victory took decades of agitation and protest.

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The Solitude of the Self, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, 1892

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The Solitude of the Self, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, 1892

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She presented the address entitled "The Solitude of Self" to an 1892 meeting of a suffrage association in resignation from its presidency, due in part to its narrow focus on the vote. Stanton forever changed the social and political landscape of the United States of America by succeeding in her work to guarantee rights for women and slaves.

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(Civil War - 15th)
The ending of the civil war brought new Amendments 13-15, which under the law fixed one problem. The civil war gave slaves (men) the right to vote in the 15th amendment, this later brought up another problem.

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The 15th Amendment declared that "the right of citizens ... to vote shall not be denied or abridged ... on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude" – but women of all races were still denied the right to vote.

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(Dred Scott - Civil War)
Dred Scott's case raised tensions, declaring slaves had no right and pretty much all states had slavery. Then with any federal help not fixing the problem- the civil war was bound to happen.

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The Civil War in the United States began in 1861, after decades of simmering tensions between northern and southern states over slavery, states' rights, and westward expansion. The War Between the States, as the Civil War was also known, ended in Confederate surrender in 1865.

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Dred Scott v. Sandford, Supreme Court, 1857

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Dred Scott v. Sandford, Supreme Court, 1857

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Sandford, a legal case in which the U.S. Supreme Court on March 6, 1857, ruled (7–2) that a slave (Dred Scott) who had resided in a free state and territory (where slavery was prohibited) was not thereby entitled to his freedom; that African Americans were not and could never be citizens of the United States.

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Slavery Clause in the U.S. Constitution, 1787

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Slavery Clause in the U.S. Constitution, 1787

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The specific clauses of the Constitution related to slavery were the Three-Fifths Clause, the ban on Congress ending the slave trade for twenty years, the fugitive slave clause, and the slave insurrections.

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(Slavery Clause - Dred Scott))
The Slavery clause is linked to the Dred Scott case by the 3/5 compromise and the fugitive slave clause. This raised conflict in the community, creating people whose job become finding fugitive slaves to return.