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I think business investment would have be one of the major causes of the business cycle and biggest impact on the economy because a lot of things around use are from them.

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The main driver are the strikes or war. Some actions are cutting back production because of conflicts. These could lead to economic expansion by people being fired and factories taken down. Contraction, having firms produce less products and firing workers.

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The main driver are the monetary authorities. Actions they take on are when they Fed performs erratic behaviors dramatically increases the money supply. These can lead to expansion by drastically increasing money supply. Contraction, this happens when the money supply drops.

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The main driver would be politicians. Some actions they take one are influence on the performance of the economy include trying to get reelected into office. Expansion, spending more money to cause a greater mass in demand. Contraction, they could cut down on spending to lower mass demand.

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Innovation, the main driver would be companies and innovators. Actions they make are trying to compete with each other on creating new technology. These actions can lead to economic expansion by investing money into new products. Contraction, money spent over time on investments will decrease.

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In business, investment, redisdential, construction, government spending, the main drivers are firms, contractors, and the government. Some actions they take are cutting back on machinery spending, building fewer homes, and cutting spending substantially. These actions can lead to economic expansion. For contraction, these actions can result in a cutback in bussiness investments.

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Three possible leading indicators of good economic performance are stock prices, money supply, and average weekly hours worked in the manufacturing. Stock prices shows the mindset of those dealing with large amounts of money in the stock market. Money supply shows groups that deal with large amounts of money and seeing if they can buy more goods and services. And average weekly hours worked in manufacturing

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An economist might say the U.S. is experincing a recession because the world was just shut down because of a global pandemic. People lost their jobs, money, businesses, and much more in 2 years.

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Peak - Allround optimism in the economy like income, employment, etc.
Expansion - Increasing employment, economic growth, and upward pressure on prices.
Trough - Higher employment, layoffs, declining business sales and earnings, lower credit avaliabilty.
Growth - Natural resources, population or labor, human capital, etc.
Recession - When the demand for products and services falls rapidly.

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Economists measure the business cycle by the rise and fall of GDP in a country and to determine when the business cycle has began or ended, they look at the peak and that tells us when an expansion has ended and at the end of an trough, that's the next expansion.

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The 5 phases of the business cycle is peak, contraction, trough, recovery, expansion.