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Supervision as Inspection. Teachers were either efficient or inefficient based on the institution rather than the knowledge gained.

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Lychings on the Rise

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-Civil War Ends
- Taxpayer supported schools expand to southern states

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- Federal funds were allotted for school buildings for southern Black and white children
- Southern legislatures tried to dismantle progress in Black communities

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Rosenwald funds were used in the construction of 345 schools in rural southern communities

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- American South defined the contours of public education
-Apartheid Education

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Schools educated almost 1/3 of Black students eligible to attend school

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*Child-centered (progressive) education. *Great Depression impacted literacy

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White teachers' budget = $60,000
Black teachers' budget = $8,000
Black education is seen as a way to service the country/economy

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Challenged the notion of separate but equal and ultimately lead to the 'desegregation' of schools

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American education is 'behind', more funds and resources were put into math, science, and engineering education.

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2001 - No child Left Behind, War in Afghanistan 

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2001 - No child Left Behind, War in Afghanistan 

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Student's required to be 'proficient' in reading, mathematics, and science. Proficiency is measured by annual standardized tests.

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2001 - Present: Standards Based Supervision

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2001 - Present: Standards Based Supervision

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High-stakes testing and accountability based on data.Creation of teacher evaluation systems that categorize teachers as 'competent' and 'incompetent' based to standardized test scores of their students

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IBM partners with NYC DOE and CUNY to develop a program for high schools
-6 year program where students leave with high school diploma and a community college degree

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IBM announces opening of 60 schools with 6-year program

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President Obama - $100 million grant for partnerships between high schools, private industries, and US universities

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One of the themes that is present throughout our timeline is resilience. Big businesses found creative ways to get workers to work with them, hence the specification for vocational schools. The black community's main focus was to be educated and they did this by raising the required money within their community because the government engaged in unfair tactics.