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A bar chart or bar graph is a chart or graph that presents categorical data with rectangular bars with heights or lengths proportional to the values that they represent. The bars can be plotted vertically or horizontally. A vertical bar chart is sometimes called a column chart.

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A histogram is a graphical display of data using bars of different heights. In a histogram, each bar groups numbers into ranges. Taller bars show that more data falls in that range. A histogram displays the shape and spread of continuous sample data.

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A scatter plot (also called a scatterplot, scatter graph, scatter chart, scattergram, or scatter diagram) is a type of plot or mathematical diagram using Cartesian coordinates to display values for typically two variables for a set of data.

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A normal distribution, sometimes called the bell curve, is a distribution that occurs naturally in many situations. It has 50% of scores to the left and 50% to the right.

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APA's Ethics Code mandates that psychologists who conduct research should inform participants about: The purpose of the research, expected duration and procedures. Participants' rights to decline to participate and to withdraw from the research once it has started, as well as the anticipated consequences of doing so.