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Every person experiencing a TBI is affected differently, and the loss of previous abilities could have a significant effect on the self-concept and emotional well-being of a student and their family. The TBI affects the frontal lobe-causes changes in emotion and behavior in the person.

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Article: Creating a Warm and Inclusive Classroom Environment

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Article: Creating a Warm and Inclusive Classroom Environment

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Article: TPE's with Tangible Application Examples

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Article: TPE's with Tangible Application Examples

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EDU 512 Reading Notes Assignment - Chapter 6

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EDU 512 Reading Notes Assignment - Chapter 4

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EDU 512 Reading Notes Assignment - Chapter 3

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EDU 512 Reading Notes Assignment - Chapter 2

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Example of Student Group Created Poem (Martin Luther King)

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Example of Student Group Created Poem (Martin Luther King)

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Fieldwork Activities and TPE Tracking Sheet 21_Complete

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I'm thrilled to start a new series of printable poems for kids here on Woo! Jr. Our kids mad libs are seriously popular, and teachers have been asking for poems, so I'm so happy to be able to bring these to you! My daughter brings home poems nearly every night to read for homework, which really has helped her reading skills. She is more of an auditory kid - not visual - so she needed a lot of extra help to bring her skills up to grade level. Poems were extremely helpful because the rhyme and rhythm made the words easier to say and understand.

Our kids poems are written just for us, so you won't find these anywhere else! Look for more seasonal and holiday poems for kids throughout the year!

We also have a whole classroom unit for Black History Month with worksheets, classroom activities, and profiles of 6 amazing African American trailblazers!

Instantly download all 200+ poems as a bundled PDF right here!

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Kids Poems for Black History Month | Woo! Jr. Kids Activities

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I'm thrilled to start a new series of printable poems for kids here on Woo! Jr. Our kids mad libs are seriously popular, and teachers have been asking for poems, so I'm so happy to be able to bring these to you!

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Mini Lesson #2_ Listening and Talking Lesson

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EDU 512 Reading Notes Assignment - Chapter 6

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EDU 512 Reading Notes Assignment - Chapter 4

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EDU 512 Reading Notes Assignment - Chapter 3

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EDU 512 Reading Notes Assignment - Chapter 2

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Academic Vocabulary Spelling and Handwriting Practice

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Academic Vocabulary Spelling and Handwriting Practice

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Exit Ticket - Lesson Response Journal Entry

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Exit Ticket - Lesson Response Journal Entry

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Exit Ticket - lesson reflection journal entry

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Benjamin Franklin for Kids – Ben Franklin Kite Experiment – Electricity for Kids

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Biography Graphic Organizer (Rosa Parks)

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Biography Graphic Organizer (Rosa Parks)

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Rosa Parks was an American activist in the civil rights movement who was best known for her pivotal role in the Montgomery bus boycott. With her boycott that was considered as an important symbol of the civil movement, she became an international icon of resistance to racial segregation. She even got a chance to organize and collaborate with civil rights leaders, including Edgar Nixon and Martin Luther King Jr.

She even served as secretary and receptionist to John Conyers, an African-American US Representative, and was also active in the Black Power movement and the support of political prisoners in the US. Upon her death in 2005, she became the first woman and the 31st person to lie in honor in the Capitol Rotunda.

Also, Parks was named "the first lady of civil rights" and "the mother of the freedom movement" by the United States Congress. Throughout her lifetime, Parks received more than forty-three honorary doctorate degrees and was awarded several honorable awards including Medal of Freedom, the highest award given to a citizen. She was also honored with Mrs. Rosa Parks' Day that the state of Michigan followed, becoming the first living person to be honored with a holiday.

What was Rosa Parks Famous for?

Famous for her pivotal role in the Montgomery bus boycott.

Known for her honored name "the first lady of civil rights" and "the mother of the freedom movement".

Source: @achievement.org

Rosa Parks Early Life

Rosa Parks was born on February 4, 1913, in Tuskegee, Alabama, United States. Her birth name was Rosa Louise McCauley. Her nationality was American. Parks belonged to African-American ethnicity while Aquarius was her zodiac sign.

Rosa was born in a middle-class family as the daughter of Leona(mother) and James McCauley(father). Her father, James was a carpenter while her mother, Leona was a teacher. However, her parents separated soon and Rose began living with her mother in Pine Level. She grew up on a farm with her maternal grandparents, mother, and a younger brother named Sylvester McCauley(born August 20, 1915).

One of Parks' great-grandfathers was Scots-Irish and one of her great-grandmothers a part-Native American slave. All of her family were members of the African Methodist Episcopal Church(AME), a black denomination founded in the early 19th century.

Rosa attended rural school until she was 11, after which she joined the Industrial School for Girls in Montgomery, and began taking academic and vocational courses. She then went on to a laboratory school run by the Alabama State Teachers College for Negroes, but she dropped out in order to care for her grandmother and later her mother after they became ill.

Rosa faced several problems growing up as she along with other black students had to walk to reach school while the white ones were given the facility of transportation. Parks was repeatedly bullied by white children in her neighborhood and even had to fight physically. Besides, she even suffered poor health with chronic tonsillitis at a young age.

Rosa Parks Death and Life Story

Rosa Parks died of natural causes on October 24, 2005, at the age of 92, in her apartment on the east side of Detroit, Michigan, United States. She was survived by her sister-in-law(Raymond's sister), 13 nieces and nephews and their families, and several cousins. In her honor, City officials in Montgomery and Detroit announced that the front seats of their city buses would be reserved with black ribbons until her funeral on October 27, 2005.

Parks' coffin was flown to Montgomery and taken in a horse-drawn hearse to the St. Paul African Methodist Episcopal(AME) church, she was dressed in the uniform of a church deaconess. Parks was the 31st person and the second private person to be honored in this way, the first woman and the second black person to lie in honor in the Capitol.

An estimated 50,000 people viewed the casket there, and the event was broadcast on television on October 31, 2005. Her funeral service was seven hours long and was held on November 2, 2005, at the Greater Grace Temple Church in Detroit. Parks was interred between her husband and mother at Detroit's Woodlawn Cemetery in the chapel's mausoleum, which was then renamed the Rosa L. Parks Freedom Chapel in her honor.

What did Rosa Parks Do?

Rosa Parks became active in the civil rights movement, and then joined the Montgomery chapter of the NAACP in 1943. She was even elected as secretary for the local NAACP leader Edgar Nixon at the time, which she continued till 1957.

During her time as a secretary, she investigated the gang-rape of Recy Taylor(black women), and along with other civil rights activists they organized "The Committee for Equal Justice for Mrs. Recy Taylor". It was also called the strongest campaign for equal justice to be seen in a decade.

She then held a brief job at Maxwell Air Force Base, during which she got inspired by the owner as she even had mentioned that Maxwell opened her eyes.

Parks also worked as a housekeeper and seamstress for Clifford and Virginia Durr, a white couple.

Parks began invigorating the struggle for racial equality when she refused to give up her bus seat to a white man in Montgomery, Alabama. After her act of refusing to get off the seat, she was arrested on December 1, 1955, eventually, that triggered a wave of protest and launched the Montgomery Bus Boycott by 17,000 black citizens on December 5, 1955, that lasted 381 days.

Her quiet courageous act changed America, its view of black people and redirected the course of history.

Parks also got a chance to work along with Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., who was appointed the spokesperson for the Bus Boycott at the time.

Source: @roadsideamerica

In 1964, she became a deaconess in the African Methodist Episcopal Church(AME). Following year, she was appointed by Congressman John Conyers, First Congressional District of Michigan in 1965, which she continued for 23 years till 1988.

In February 1987, she co-founded the "Rosa and Raymond Parks Institute for Self Development" along with Elaine Eason Steele in honor of her husband, Raymond Parks(1903-1977).

She was voted by Time Magazine as one of the 100 most influential people of the 20th century.

Parks became one of the few major people to have been awarded the Congressional Gold Medal of Honor in 1999 along with the American Red Cross.

She also received the NAACP Image Award for Best Supporting Actress in the Television series, Touched by an Angel, "Black like Monica".

A film made on Parks titled "The Rosa Parks Story", filmed in Montgomery, Alabama May 2001, was aired on February 24, 2002, on the CBS television network.

Parks earned several awards including the very first Lifetime Achievement Award ever given by The Institute for Research on Women & Gender, Stanford University, Gandhi, King, Ikeda Award for peace, and she even became an International Institute Heritage Hall of fame honoree on October 29, 2003.

On February 6, 2005, Parks received the first annual Cardinal Dearden Peace Award at Holy Trinity Catholic Church in Detroit, MI.

Parks had written altogether four books, "Rosa Parks: My Story: by Rosa Parks with Jim Haskins", "Quiet Strength by Rosa Parks with Gregory J. Reed", "Dear Mrs. Parks: A Dialogue With Today's Youth by Rosa Parks with Gregory J, Reed", this book even received the NAACP's Image Award for Outstanding Literary Work(Children's) in 1996 and "I AM ROSA PARKS by Rosa Parks with Jim Haskins".

Source: @sutori

Rosa Parks Family and Personal Life

Rosa Parks got married to Raymond Parks in 1932. Raymond was a barber from Montgomery and was also a member of the NAACP. After getting married at 19, Rosa Parks was urged by her husband to finish her high school, during the time when less than 7% of African Americans had a high-school diploma. She completed her education graduating from Highlander Research and Education Center, Alabama State University.

Along with her husband, she became a member of the League of Women Voters. In 1945, despite the Jim Crow laws and discrimination by registrars, she succeeded in registering to vote on her third try. However, the couple never had children so they outlived their siblings. Her husband died way too earlier in 1977.

Besides, on December 21, 2004, the 49th Anniversary of the Parks' arrest was commemorated with a Civil Rights and Hip-Hop Forum at the Franklin Settlement in Detroit, Michigan. Parks even received more than forty-three honorary doctorate degrees throughout her lifetime.

What was the Net Worth of Rosa Parks?

Rosa Parks had a difficult childhood however, after getting married to her supportive husband, she had managed to earn a few dollars working as a secretary and dressmaking. Parks even received an eviction notice from her $1,800 per month apartment for non-payment of rent at the time in 2002. Her net worth isn't estimated yet however, it could have been in million dollars according to the time.

How Tall was Rosa Parks?

Rosa Parks was a beautiful black lady in her early 90s at the time of her death. Parks had a well maintained slim body physique with her beautiful black skin tone, black hair, and brown eyes. She had a height of 5ft. 3inches(1.60 m). With her struggle for racial equality, Parks earned several hearts and respect all over the world.

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Know more about Rosa Parks's Bio, Famous For, History, Career, Activist, Montgomery Bus Boycott, Civil Rights Movement, Accomplishments, Awards, Husband, Children, Family, Death, Death Date, Death Date, Age, Facts, Wiki, Net Worth, Early Life, Birth Date, Parents, Siblings, Education and more

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Rosa Parks' Early Life

Rosa Louise McCauley was born in Tuskegee, Alabama, on February 4, 1913. She moved with her parents, James and Leona McCauley, to Pine Level, Alabama, at age 2 to reside with Leona's parents. Her brother, Sylvester, was born in 1915, and shortly after that her parents separated.

Did you know? When Rosa Parks refused to give up her bus seat in 1955, it wasn't the first time she'd clashed with driver James Blake. Parks stepped onto his very crowded bus on a chilly day 12 years earlier, paid her fare at the front, then resisted the rule in place for Black people to disembark and re-enter through the back door. She stood her ground until Blake pulled her coat sleeve, enraged, to demand her cooperation. Parks left the bus rather than give in.

Rosa's mother was a teacher, and the family valued education. Rosa moved to Montgomery, Alabama, at age 11 and eventually attended high school there, a laboratory school at the Alabama State Teachers' College for Negroes. She left at 16, early in 11th grade, because she needed to care for her dying grandmother and, shortly thereafter, her chronically ill mother. In 1932, at 19, she married Raymond Parks, a self-educated man 10 years her senior who worked as a barber and was a long-time member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People ( NAACP). He supported Rosa in her efforts to earn her high-school diploma, which she ultimately did the following year.

Rosa Parks: Roots of Activism

Raymond and Rosa, who worked as a seamstress, became respected members of Montgomery's large African American community. Co-existing with white people in a city governed by " Jim Crow " (segregation) laws, however, was fraught with daily frustrations: Black people could attend only certain (inferior) schools, could drink only from specified water fountains and could borrow books only from the "Black" library, among other restrictions.

Although Raymond had previously discouraged her out of fear for her safety, in December 1943, Rosa also joined the Montgomery chapter of the NAACP and became chapter secretary. She worked closely with chapter president Edgar Daniel (E.D.) Nixon. Nixon was a railroad porter known in the city as an advocate for Black people who wanted to register to vote, and also as president of the local branch of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters union.

December 1, 1955: Rosa Parks Is Arrested

On Thursday, December 1, 1955, the 42-year-old Rosa Parks was commuting home from a long day of work at the Montgomery Fair department store by bus. Black residents of Montgomery often avoided municipal buses if possible because they found the Negroes-in-back policy so demeaning. Nonetheless, 70 percent or more riders on a typical day were Black, and on this day Rosa Parks was one of them.

Segregation was written into law; the front of a Montgomery bus was reserved for white citizens, and the seats behind them for Black citizens. However, it was only by custom that bus drivers had the authority to ask a Black person to give up a seat for a white rider. There were contradictory Montgomery laws on the books: One said segregation must be enforced, but another, largely ignored, said no person (white or Black) could be asked to give up a seat even if there were no other seat on the bus available.

Nonetheless, at one point on the route, a white man had no seat because all the seats in the designated "white" section were taken. So the driver told the riders in the four seats of the first row of the "colored" section to stand, in effect adding another row to the "white" section. The three others obeyed. Parks did not.

"People always say that I didn't give up my seat because I was tired," wrote Parks in her autobiography, "but that isn't true. I was not tired physically... No, the only tired I was, was tired of giving in."

Eventually, two police officers approached the stopped bus, assessed the situation and placed Parks in custody.

Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott

Although Parks used her one phone call to contact her husband, word of her arrest had spread quickly and E.D. Nixon was there when Parks was released on bail later that evening. Nixon had hoped for years to find a courageous Black person of unquestioned honesty and integrity to become the plaintiff in a case that might become the test of the validity of segregation laws. Sitting in Parks' home, Nixon convinced Parks-and her husband and mother-that Parks was that plaintiff. Another idea arose as well: The Black population of Montgomery would boycott the buses on the day of Parks' trial, Monday, December 5. By midnight, 35,000 flyers were being mimeographed to be sent home with Black schoolchildren, informing their parents of the planned boycott.

On December 5, Parks was found guilty of violating segregation laws, given a suspended sentence and fined $10 plus $4 in court costs. Meanwhile, Black participation in the boycott was much larger than even optimists in the community had anticipated. Nixon and some ministers decided to take advantage of the momentum, forming the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) to manage the boycott, and they elected Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.-new to Montgomery and just 26 years old-as the MIA's president.

As appeals and related lawsuits wended their way through the courts, all the way up to the U.S. Supreme Court, the Montgomery Bus Boycott engendered anger in much of Montgomery's white population as well as some violence, and Nixon's and Dr. King's homes were bombed. The violence didn't deter the boycotters or their leaders, however, and the drama in Montgomery continued to gain attention from the national and international press.

On November 13, 1956, the Supreme Court ruled that bus segregation was unconstitutional; the boycott ended December 20, a day after the Court's written order arrived in Montgomery. Parks-who had lost her job and experienced harassment all year-became known as "the mother of the civil rights movement."

Rosa Parks's Life After the Boycott

Facing continued harassment and threats in the wake of the boycott, Parks, along with her husband and mother, eventually decided to move to Detroit, where Parks' brother resided. Parks became an administrative aide in the Detroit office of Congressman John Conyers Jr. in 1965, a post she held until her 1988 retirement. Her husband, brother and mother all died of cancer between 1977 and 1979. In 1987, she co-founded the Rosa and Raymond Parks Institute for Self-Development, to serve Detroit's youth.

In the years following her retirement, she traveled to lend her support to civil-rights events and causes and wrote an autobiography, Rosa Parks: My Story. In 1999, Parks was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal, the highest honor the United States bestows on a civilian. (Other recipients have included George Washington, Thomas Edison, Betty Ford and Mother Teresa.) When she died at age 92 on October 24, 2005, she became the first woman in the nation's history to lie in honor at the U.S. Capitol.

HISTORY Vault: Black History

Fact Check

We strive for accuracy and fairness. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate.

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Rosa Parks: Bus Boycott, Civil Rights & Facts | HISTORY

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Rosa Parks (1913-2005) helped initiate the civil rights movement in the United States when she refused to give up her seat to a white man on a Montgomery, Alabama bus in 1955. Her actions inspired the leaders of the local Black community to organize the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

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Mini Lesson #1_ Format - Grammar , spelling, vocab, lesson

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Objectives: the A.B.C.D. Method: Building Learning Objectives

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Reading Worksheets, Spelling, Grammar, Comprehension, Lesson Plans

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The handwriting worksheets below include practice letters on ruled lines in the D'Nealian style. You'll notice that the letters include "tails". Some school districts use this style because it can make it easier to transition to cursive handwriting. However, others use the standard "block" letters, often referred to as the Zaner Bloser letter style.

The first worksheet shown includes all 26 letters. Below that, you'll find one sheet for each letter. Each worksheet starts off showing how to form each letter, and then provides space for children to trace and then practice writing independently.

You'll need to make sure you have Adobe Acrobat Reader installed in order to view and print each worksheet. Have fun!

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Handwriting Practice Worksheets - D'Nealian Style Print - Reading Worksheets, Spelling, Grammar, Comprehension, Lesson Plans

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The handwriting worksheets below include practice letters on ruled lines in the D'Nealian style. You'll notice that the letters include "tails". Some school districts use this style because it can make it easier to transition to cursive handwriting. However, others use the standard "block" letters, often referred to as the Zaner Bloser letter style.

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Center for Applied Special Technology (CAST)

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5 Examples of Universal Design for Learning in the Classroom

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Universal Design for Learning (UDL) is an approach to teaching aimed at meeting the needs of every student in a classroom. It can be helpful for all kids, including kids with learning and attention issues. But UDL takes careful planning by teachers. Here are just a few examples of how UDL can work in a classroom.

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The UDL Guidelines are a tool used in the implementation of Universal Design for Learning, a framework to improve and optimize teaching and learning for all people based on scientific insights into how humans learn. Learn more about the Universal Design for Learning framework from CAST. The UDL Guidelines can be used by educators, curriculum developers, researchers, parents, and anyone else who wants to implement the UDL framework in a learning environment. These guidelines offer a set of concrete suggestions that can be applied to any discipline or domain to ensure that all learners can access and participate in meaningful, challenging learning opportunities.

Reenvisioning the UDL Guidelines

Because the UDL Guidelines are meant to be informed by feedback from the field as well as new research, they have been updated several times in the past. We are in the process of updating the Guidelines once again in our UDL Rising to Equity initiative.

This update will focus specifically on addressing systemic barriers that result in inequitable learning opportunities and outcomes. CAST aims to develop a transparent, inclusive, and community-driven process. If you are interested in collaborating and staying updated on our progress, we invite you to complete a brief survey.

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The UDL Guidelines are a tool used in the implementation of Universal Design for Learning, a framework to improve and optimize teaching and learning for all people based on scientific insights into how humans learn. Learn more about the Universal Design for Learning framework from CAST. The UDL Guidelines can be used by educators, curriculum developers, researchers, parents, and anyone else who wants to implement the UDL framework in a learning environment. These guidelines offer a set of concrete suggestions that can be applied to any discipline or domain to ensure that all learners can access and participate in meaningful, challenging learning opportunities.

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What is Universal Design for Learning (UDL)?

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Have students facilitate a discussion in order to work together toward a shared understanding of a text.

Advisory

Civics & Citizenship

English & Language Arts

History

Social Studies

The resources I'm getting from my colleagues through Facing History have been just invaluable.

- Claudia Bautista, Santa Monica, Calif

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Have students facilitate a discussion in order to work together toward a shared understanding of a text. Advisory Civics & Citizenship English & Language Arts History Social Studies The resources I'm getting from my colleagues through Facing History have been just invaluable. - Claudia Bautista, Santa Monica, Calif

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Strategies to Promote Listening and Talk in the Classroom

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Strategies to Promote Listening and Talk in the Classroom

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Oracy in the Classroom: Strategies for Effective Talk

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The Orange County Department of Education explains Multi-Tiered System of Supports, or MTSS

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Recorded webinar on the Universal Design for Learning from the California Department of Education on April 24, 2020.

This video is 33 minutes and 35 seconds in length.

Additional Information

Last Reviewed: Tuesday, March 2, 2021

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Universal Design for Learning, April 24, 2020

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Recorded webinar on the Universal Design for Learning from the California Department of Education on April 24, 2020. This video is 33 minutes and 35 seconds in length. Last Reviewed: Tuesday, March 2, 2021

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SLD-Cognitive Abilities Assoc Concep ExpDefinition Accommodations 20(3)(2) (1)

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Balanced Assessment: Combining Multiple Measures to Drive Learning

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Balanced Assessment: Combining Multiple Measures to Drive Learning

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ABCya! • ABCya! • Learning Games and Apps for Kids

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Educational games for grades PreK through 6 that will keep kids engaged and having fun. Topics include math, reading, typing, just-for-fun logic games… and more!

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ClassDojo helps teachers, parents, and students build amazing classroom communities.

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We express ourselves in different ways. On Flip, you can use our simple and fun built-in camera to record your thoughts, add effects and share within your Flip group as video, audio only or text in your web browser or mobile app.

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Flip is a video discussion and sharing app, free from Microsoft.

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Flip (formerly Flipgrid) is a video discussion and video sharing app, free from Microsoft, built for classrooms and beyond. Learn more.

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Video 1. Lesson Elements, Grades K-5Video 2. Elements of Instruction, Grades 1, 3, and 5Video 3. Teacher Clarity

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Information Processing Theory - Classroom Applications

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A word map is a strategy to help learners learn new vocabulary word. There are many different variations of how to use this strategy. One way is to use the four-corner vocabulary chart, and with this method students write the definition, use it in a sentence, they draw picture of the word, and write the word in the corner. Other methods to use this strategy is to add antonyms, synonyms, dictionary definitions, part of speech and more. This strategy can be adjusted to meet the needs of all learners. Throughout this strategy students are making personal connections, because they are drawing their own picture, writing their own sentence and the definition in their own words. By doing this, it gives more meaning to learning the vocabulary word, and this would help struggling readers tremendously. Graphic organizers are helpful for all learners because it really helps them organize their thoughts. According to Echevarria, Vogt & Short (2014), "These charts provide more context and "clues" than typical word walls, because they include an illustration, definition, and sentence for each vocabulary word" (p.81). According to Robert Marzano (2009), an educational researcher, he mentions that in order for students to effectively learn vocabulary they need to follow a six-step process. The steps are as followed:

(Marzano, 2009).
The first three steps are in a word map. The following three steps can be done after the word map has been completed.

The image above is an example of a very common word map. In this word map, students write the vocabulary word in the center, they define the word, provide synonyms, use it in a sentence, and draw a picture of it.

In this example above students go into more detail with the word. They find the synonym, antonym, dictionary definition, sentence from the text and other forms of the word.

The image to the left is similar to the other two word maps above. Students write the word, use it in a sentence, write the definition, find a synonym for the word, illustrate it and determine it's part of speech.

Math- For a math lesson, a word map can be easily adapted just like in the photo to the left. In one corner the student can write the word, in another corner the student can write the definition. In the other two corners students can write an example and then some facts to go along with the math vocabulary word. By providing examples it brings meaning to the word, just like a picture does when learning reading vocabulary words.

History- For a history lesson, one way to adapt this strategy is to change the headings slightly. On this graphic organizer it could include: the vocabulary word, time period, definition, and picture. By adding the time period it gives an understanding of when the word was used, and it give more meaning to the word. For example if a student is learning about what a Red Coat is, they could write Revolutionary War (1775-1783) in the time period section.

Science- For a science lesson, the template would not change very much. However, a teacher could ask the student what area of science the word falls under. This might help students categorize what vocabulary words belong where. For example, if the vocabulary word is cumulus, the area of science might be meteorology.

Physical Education- For a physical education lesson, a student could still write the word, draw picture, define the word, and maybe list games they can play relating to the topic. For example, if students are learning about basketball students can list lightning, 3 vs. 3, and others for possible games they could play.

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Professional Development / Depth of Knowledge (DOK)

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Level 2 - is about using a skill or a concept, i.e. Paraphrase. Conceptual understanding generally refers to the integration and application of concepts and other ideas within a content area. Procedural understanding denotes knowledge about skills and sequence of steps, when and how these should be used appropriately, and their efficient and accurate applications.

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As of Monday, October 24, content that was on TweenTribune.com will now be available here on our new educational resources page and on our learning pages. While much of the content that you enjoyed will still exist, educators will unfortunately no longer be able to assign content to students. Tween Tribune has been a valued educational brand of Smithsonian magazine, and we appreciate your continued support.

Though the Girl Scouts of the USA initially declared itself a space for all girls, the reality was different for girls of color

Erin Blakemore

Get Smithsonian Educational Resources

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As of Monday, October 24, content that was on TweenTribune.com will now be available here on our new educational resources page and on our learning pages. While much of the content that you enjoyed will still exist, educators will unfortunately no longer be able to assign content to students.

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Listenwise | Listening Comprehension Matters

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Listening comprehension matters | Listenwise

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Explore the best podcast lessons for grade-level rigor. Curriculum aligned lessons with literacy & language supports, great for English Learners. Free sign up!

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How to Write Objectives Using Bloom's Taxonomy

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How to Write Objectives Using Bloom's Taxonomy

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3.2 - How to Write Learning Objectives Using Bloom's Taxonomy

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Academic language is one of the more confusing elements of edTPA, because it applies unfamiliar and vague terminology to basic elements of grammar and language instruction.

One way to manage Academic Language in edTPA is to sort it into three elements, and then define each element and show how it can be incorporated into the learning target.

Definitions

Language function means the verb used in the learning target, such as identify, analyze, summarize, define, explain, conclude, justify, compare, sort, and so on.

Language demand means the assignment or product the student makes, such as essay, paragraph, sentence, speech, lab report, reflection, play, poem, comic strip, magazine article. poster, and the like.

Vocabulary, which includes any words the student should be able to define in order to comprehend the content of the lesson. These words may be specific to the discipline (artifact in social studies) or just general words used in school (list, characteristics, infer, analyze).

Academic language includes two additional parts, discourse and syntax. Discourse means talking. Student teachers completing edTPA don't conduct class discussions, they conduct class discourse. Syntax is defined as grammar conventions, symbols, tables, and graphs (traditionally, most people define syntax simply as the way words are organized in sentences). Using the word syntax only matters if your students are using symbols or making tables and graphs to represent information (e.g. in science and math).

One of the most efficient ways for including Academic Language elements is to incorporate them into your Learning Targets.

For example, consider the following Learning Target for secondary social studies:
Students define artifact and list three characteristics of an artifact.
The Language Function is to define. The Language Demand is to list (on a piece of paper). Vocabulary includes artifact (social studies specific) and characteristics (general). Adding adjectives such as three enable efficient assessment of whether students have achieved the learning target.

Writing Learning Targets with 1) a verb to show language function, 2) a product to show language demand, and 3) with a few vocabulary words is an efficient way to show inclusion of Academic Language.

EdTPA emphasizes speaking and writing over other forms of communication. This emphasis means that student teachers endorsing in elective disciplines (visual arts, physical education, music) will need lesson activities, assessments, and work samples that include written or spoken elements.

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Academic language is one of the more confusing elements of edTPA, because it applies unfamiliar and vague terminology to basic elements of grammar and language instruction. One way to manage Academic Language in edTPA is to sort it into three elements, and then define each element and show how it can be incorporated into the learning target.

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Three Tiers of Vocabulary and Education 

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Three Tiers of Vocabulary and Education 