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Different auxiliaries and verbs: AUX+SUBJECT+VERB

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Aula virtual de la Sociedad de Oncología Médica y Pediátrica del Uruguay: Entrar al sitio

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This glossary of terms related to coronaviruses and in particular is intended for learners of English though it may be of interest to a wider audience. In times of crisis, knowing and understanding the terminology involved may help counter some of the fearmongering and lies that such times breed.

A virus is a micro-organism, too small to be seen without a microscope, that causes infectious disease in animals and humans.

In December 2019 a new disease was identified in China. On investigation, the disease was caused by a "new" virus of the coronavirus family, and has since been officially named COVID-19.

It is believed that COVID-19 originated in the Chinese city of Wuhan, though whether zoonotically via a local live animal market or through viral manipulation in a local laboratory using American research and money remains a mystery to the public. It subsequently spread to other countries and was officially pronounced a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11 March 2020.

Peter Heilig, Dr. med. Univ.-Professor
Each of the following terms, listed in alphabetical order, has 1) a basic definition and 2) an example sentence showing how the term may be used in context.

asymptomatic (adjective): showing no symptoms of a particular disease - She had no idea her husband had coronavirus because he was asymptomatic.

carrier (noun): a person or animal that transmits a disease to others, whether suffering from it themselves or not - People who are asymptomatic can still be carriers.

carry (verb): be infected with a disease and able to transmit it to others, whether symptomatic or asymptomatic - Some people may carry coronavirus without knowing it.

community spread (noun): transmission of a disease directly within a community and not by importation from a foreign source - With this many new positive cases, the evidence suggests that we now have community spread right here in our county.

contact tracing (noun): identification and monitoring of people who may have had contact with an infectious person - By insisting on strict contact tracing as soon as someone was potentially infected, they managed to control the spread of the disease.

contagious (adjective): describing a disease that can pass from person to person, usually by direct contact; describing a person with such a disease. See infectious - Patients who are still contagious are kept in isolation.

COVID-19 (noun): official name for the novel coronavirus disease that emerged in China in 2019. COVID-19 = COrona VIrus Disease-20 19 - All countries are requested to report any new confirmed case of COVID-19 within 48 hours.

covid performance art (noun): manifested mostly in the form of high-production-value TikTok videos of nurses with time on their hands mindlessly dancing in often-empty hospitals - The production value is far too high and hospital protocols are likely too strict for this covid performance art to have been made "organically". Someone likely paid to have them produced. The question is why.

epidemic (noun): occurrence of a particular disease in a large number of people in a particular area. See outbreak, pandemic - The city was devastated by an epidemic of cholera in the 19th century.

herd immunity (noun): an indirect protection from a disease resulting from a large percentage of the population gaining immunity (as a result of either recovering from the disease or being vaccinated) - This virus is unlike other coronaviruses because there is currently no herd immunity to it, he said. According to Prof. Sir Andrew Pollard, Director of the Oxford Vaccine Group, herd immunity to Covid-19 by vaccination is not possible because it still infects vaccinated individuals.

iatrogenesis (noun): illness or death caused by a doctor or nurse conducting medical treatment - During the Covid panic, and mainly in New York, an estimated 30,000 Americans were killed by ventilators and iatrogenesis in April 2020.

infectious (adjective): describing a disease that can be transmitted through the environment; describing a human or animal capable of spreading an infection. See contagious - Avoid the dogs as they may still be infectious.

isolation (noun): separation of infected people from healthy people for serious contagious diseases like COVID-19 - Travellers arriving from the infected area were immediately put in isolation.

mask (noun): a piece of fibre or cloth that fits over the nose and mouth to protect other people from the wearer's germs and/or the wearer from germs in the air - The World Health Organization have historically offered varying advice on whether or when people should wear masks.

outbreak (noun): a sudden occurrence of a disease (or other unpleasant thing). See epidemic, pandemic - There was another outbreak of the disease in 1993 but the cause was uncertain.

pandemic (noun): occurrence of a particular disease throughout a whole country or the world. See epidemic, outbreak - Just after the First World War there was a pandemic of flu which killed up to 40 million people worldwide.

pandemic amnesty (noun): a proposed official agreement to take no action against people guilty of crimes during the Covid pandemic such as forced vaccination or illegal deprivation of liberty - LET'S DECLARE A PANDEMIC AMNESTY. Let's focus on the future, and fix the problems we still need to solve.

patient zero (noun): the person identified as the first to become infected with a disease in an outbreak - Authoritites usually try to determine who patient zero was in any given outbreak as can help answer important questions about how, when and why it started.

PCR test (noun): test that detects viral particles in blood or other body fluids. (PCR = polymerase chain reaction) - Although the PCR test is widely used to diagnose Covid-19, Kary Mullis, who won the Nobel Prize in connection with his invention of the PCR method, doubted the validity of using the PCR test for this purpose.

quarantine (noun): isolation and monitoring of people who seem healthy but may have been exposed to an infectious disease to see if they develop symptoms - For centuries it's been common for ships arriving from infected areas to be kept in quarantine at the docks, originally for 40 days which is where the term comes from.

SARS-CoV-2 (noun): Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2; final official name for the coronavirus that causes COVID-19. (This virus was previously known as 2019-nCoV.) - SARS-CoV-2 is the name of the virus and COVID-19 is the name of the disease.

self-isolate (verb): isolate oneself; put oneself in quarantine, away from other people - The prime minister's wife has tested positive for COVID-19 and the couple are now self-isolating and working by phone and Skype.

social distancing (noun): practice of encouraging people to minimize contact and closeness, whether by banning large or even small groups/meetings (football matches, nightclubs), or by maintaining a minimum distance between people (for example one metre or two metres) - The government has instructed schools to take social distancing measures to slow the spread of the virus.

superspreader (noun): person infected with a virus etc who transmits or spreads it to an unusually large number of people - One so-called "superspreader" in South Korea infected at least 37 people at her church with the virus.

vax (noun, informal): vaccine, vaccination - Have you had your flu vax this year? | anti-vaxer, anti-vaxxer (noun): a person opposed to vaccines and vaccination on principle - Some anti-vaxxers are against vaccines on religious grounds and others just believe vaccines are dangerous to health.

ventilation (noun): the supply of air to the lungs to support the breathing of an ill or anaesthetized person; used liberally on Covid-19 patients at the start of the pandemic until the practice was found to kill patients - We very very readily would put people on mechanical ventilation...which might have actually caused more harm than good. (Dr Fauci)

ventilator (noun): a device used medically to support the breathing of an ill or anaesthetized person; the use of a ventilator is called ventilation - The early use of ventilators/ventilation "in NY City during the pandemic killed many people" (Dr Kevin Bass).

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The language we use to talk about the new coronavirus disease that started in 2019 - COVID-19. With definitions and example sentences. Vocabulary for ESL learners and teachers.

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Learn how vaccines help the body fight off disease.

Pre-listening vocabulary

vaccine: a substance that helps people develop immunity to a virus

trigger: to cause something

immune system: the system that protects the body from disease

antibody: a protein made in the blood that fights infections

imitate: to simulate or resemble something

inactive: not infectious; causes no symptoms

inject: to use a syringe to put medicine in the body

Listening activity

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Gapfill exercise

Comprehension questions

1. Vaccines are effective because

they trigger the body's immune response

Vaccines are effective because they trigger the body's immune response.

Most vaccines contain weak or inactive viruses.

3. The immune system responds to a vaccine by

The immune system responds to a vaccine by producing antibodies.

Discussion/essay questions

In some places, vaccines are a controversial subject. Some people are uncomfortable with putting unfamiliar substances into their bodies. Do you think these people are right to be concerned, or is disease prevention more important?

Transcript

Vaccines are some of the best methods for preventing disease. The reason vaccines are so effective is that they trigger the body's natural immune response to viruses. When a person becomes infected with a new disease, their body recognizes that the virus is unfamiliar. The immune system then works to fight off the virus by producing antibodies. After recovering from a sickness, your body will remember how to fight it off if you are ever infected again. This provides a temporary immunity to the virus that you were exposed to. A vaccine works by imitating a real infection. Most vaccines contain a weakened or inactive version of the virus they are meant to protect against. When this virus is injected into the body, the immune system believes it is harmful and attempts to fight it off. Because the immune system now recognizes this virus, it will remember how to produce antibodies if you are ever exposed to the real virus. This way, you can be protected from disease without being infected first.

Written and recorded by Jaksyn Peacock for EnglishClub

Tags: antibodies | disease | immunity | infection | vaccine | virus

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Learn how vaccines help the body fight off disease. vaccine: a substance that helps people develop immunity to a virus trigger: to cause something immune system: the system that protects the body from disease antibody: a protein made in the blood that fights infections imitate: to simulate or resemble something inactive: not infectious; causes no symptoms inject: to use a syringe to put medicine in the body Podcast: Play in new window | Download Subscribe: Google Podcasts | RSS 1.

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Exercise on Simple Past - 06 - English Grammar

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Revision of formulation, ED pronunciation of regular verbs, irregular verbs and signal words.

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Aula virtual de la Sociedad de Oncología Médica y Pediátrica del Uruguay: Entrar al sitio

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Present Perfect and P.P Continuous: Song

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Present Perfect and P.P Continuous: Song

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Songs to identify the present perfect simple and continuous

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How to Tell Time in English for Beginners

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Use this role play to practice telling the time. Make sure you know how to use the twelve-hour clock to speak about times in the morning, in the afternoon and in the evening. Use the preposition "at" to speak about specific times. Excuse me, could you tell me the time, please?

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Aula virtual de la Sociedad de Oncología Médica y Pediátrica del Uruguay: Entrar al sitio

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Understanding Basic Questions in English

You got: % Correct. You Can Answer Almost Anything!

You know your English!. Andrew Rich / Vetta / Getty Images

It seems you understand most of the basic questions in English. Go out there and have some conversations in English to practice your skills every day.

Understanding Basic Questions in English

You got: % Correct. You Understand Most Questions

You've done well on your lessons. Anton Violin / Moment / Getty Images

You can understand a lot of questions, but you may not understand a few. Brush up on some of these basic questions and make sure to practice speaking often to become more fluent in English.

Understanding Basic Questions in English

You got: % Correct. You Might Not Understand Every Question

You'll need to study more!. John Fedele / Blend Images / Getty Images

You had some difficulties understanding these basic questions. Use the resources below to improve your understanding of everyday questions. Try to practice often until these questions are easy for you.

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Check your understanding of some of the most common questions in English

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Understanding Basic Questions in English You got: % Correct. You Can Answer Almost Anything! It seems you understand most of the basic questions in English. Go out there and have some conversations in English to practice your skills every day. Understanding Basic Questions in English You got: % Correct.

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Aula virtual de la Sociedad de Oncología Médica y Pediátrica del Uruguay

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Aula virtual de la Sociedad de Oncología Médica y Pediátrica del Uruguay: Entrar al sitio

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Aula virtual de la Sociedad de Oncología Médica y Pediátrica del Uruguay: Entrar al sitio