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Sperm swims towards the egg. They swim faster due to the vaginal secretions. The head of the sperm produces enzymes which helps the sperm eat through the layers of the egg. Only one sperm can get through the layer and egg releases something to stop other sperms getting in. The sperm fuses to the egg where the DNA creates the zygote. Mitosis occurs and the cells duplicate where they travel to the uterus to embed in the uterine wall.

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It’s the master gland that produces hormones that send messages to other glands to instruct them to produce hormones. The adrenal glands are just above the kidneys, they keep the horses body at equilibrium and the produce corticosteroids. They are broken down into cortisol which is due to stress which increases blood sugar to give energy im that time of stress adrenal realise adrenaline for the horses flight or fight response which increases heart rate and blood pressure which the blood then delivers the oxygen to the muscles to make them be able to stand up and fight / flight

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Breathing, blood pressure, balance, heart rate

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Respiratory rhythm and sleep/wakefullness

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The kidneys filter the urine then the uretas transport the urine to the bladder. The bladder stores the urine then the urethra takes the waste out of the body!

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-the diaphragm flattens and contracts
-ribs get pulled out by intercostal muscles
- this allows lungs to expand
-the air pressure decreases in lungs
-the air pressure around the horse is higher so it gets pulled in
-the diaphragm domes and the intercostal muscles relax
-the lungs decrease in pressure and CO2 in exhaled

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Tendons are made up of elastin and collagen. They connect muscle to bone

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The waste product go to the kidneys which is then filters and the toxins and waste then goes the the ureteries which Carries the waste to the bladder the bladder then holds the wee and then urethra carry’s the wee out of the horse

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Deoxygenated blood travels from the right atrium to the right ventricle through the triscupid valve. Oxygenated blood travels from the left atrium to the left ventricle through the biscupid valve.

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Tendons are made up of elastin and collagen which Connect muscles to bone

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Cones and rods

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Cones and rods

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Explain what the Lymphatic system is and what it does?

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Explain what the Lymphatic system is and what it does?

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List the structure and function of the excretory system

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List the structure and function of the excretory system

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Describe what happens when a horse inhales and exhales

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Describe what happens when a horse inhales and exhales

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Explain the structure of the heart, including chambers and valves

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Explain the structure of the heart, including chambers and valves