# data[].attributes.headline
What were the shifts in perceptions of the military interventions after the 2015 terrorist attacks in France ? Interpretivist

# data[].attributes.subject
What were the shifts in perceptions of the military interventions after the 2015 terrorist attacks in France ? Interpretivist

# data[].attributes.headline
How do speeches by British ministers, diplomats and representatives construct a palatable version of colonialism and reproduce British hierarchies of power in the context of the Chagos Archipelago dispute? 

# data[].attributes.subject
How do speeches by British ministers, diplomats and representatives construct a palatable version of colonialism and reproduce British hierarchies of power in the context of the Chagos Archipelago dispute? 

# data[].attributes.body
Poststructuralist

Method: Critical Discourse Analysis

Data: speeches, foreign office press releases, archives, international legal sources

Evaluation:

Relevance - does the research help us understand and / or challenge existing power relations or does it help reproduce it?

Interpretation about your interpretation

# data[].attributes.headline
How are smart city imaginations constructed in Dubai’s Smart Dubai policy initiative? / How is self-orientalism perpetuated in Egyptian tourism advertising?

# data[].attributes.subject
How are smart city imaginations constructed in Dubai’s Smart Dubai policy initiative? / How is self-orientalism perpetuated in Egyptian tourism advertising?

# data[].attributes.body
2. interpretivist for first, poststructuralist for second, policy documents and ads, ads for both, thematic analysis for first, discourse analysis…

# data[].attributes.headline
Influence of disinformation on democratic elections

# data[].attributes.subject
Influence of disinformation on democratic elections

# data[].attributes.body
-interpretivist

-content and discoruse analysis

# data[].attributes.headline
how was the discursive construction of the Arab world used to legitimate interventions in the Middle East by US-policymakers? post-structuralist

# data[].attributes.subject
how was the discursive construction of the Arab world used to legitimate interventions in the Middle East by US-policymakers? post-structuralist

# data[].attributes.headline
Has the depiction of migrants within UK newspapers in the last decade contributed to building the idea of “illegal migrant”? (Poststructuralist)

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Has the depiction of migrants within UK newspapers in the last decade contributed to building the idea of “illegal migrant”? (Poststructuralist)

# data[].attributes.body
Discourse analysis based on UK newspapers' depiction of migrants (images, language used, type of articles, "the way they are talked about"); evaluation based on usefulness in explaining power dynamic between forced migrants to UK and anti-migration policy of UK gov.

# data[].attributes.headline
How does the Green Party in Austria portray climate activists in press conferences as opposed to on the party’s Facebook page?

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How does the Green Party in Austria portray climate activists in press conferences as opposed to on the party’s Facebook page?

# data[].attributes.body
Positivist question (content analysis)

Data analysis:

·       Use all topically relevant press conferences with Green politicians from 2023

·       use all topically relevant posts from Green’s main Facebook page from 2023

·       code the data using Nvivo, specifically look for different frames, also create word clouds and perform sentiment analysis

Evaluate based on:

·       whether clearly defined corpus and clear ideas of which frames and narrative strategies I am looking for -> Makes replicable and transparent ->

most important for evaluation

# data[].attributes.headline
Is the influence and role of feminist International Relations perspectives growing in the research agenda today? Interpretivist/poststructuralist

# data[].attributes.subject
Is the influence and role of feminist International Relations perspectives growing in the research agenda today? Interpretivist/poststructuralist

# data[].attributes.body
Positivist RQ: How does Putin use Russian history to legitimise his war against Ukraine?Method: content analysis of speeches

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Universalism, Relativism and Sinocentrism: How the Chinese Government Construct the Concept of Democracy?;  Interpretivist  

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Universalism, Relativism and Sinocentrism: How the Chinese Government Construct the Concept of Democracy?;  Interpretivist  

# data[].attributes.body
Official publications: The People’s Daily; China: Democracy That Works. etc

Comparing the CCP’s political discourse on democracy with the West’s; Subantative democracy vs procedural democracy.etc

# data[].attributes.headline
Poststructuralist: How does Russian state media discourse around the 2011-12 protest wave shape narratives that delegitimise opposition movements? 

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Poststructuralist: How does Russian state media discourse around the 2011-12 protest wave shape narratives that delegitimise opposition movements? 

# data[].attributes.body
Data: news segment content

Method: Discourse analysis

Evaluation: not sure

# data[].attributes.headline
How has the feminist movement been demonized in contemporary UK politics 

# data[].attributes.subject
How has the feminist movement been demonized in contemporary UK politics 

# data[].attributes.body
positivist

# data[].attributes.headline
How is contemporary Russian propaganda used to legitimise Russia's invasion of Ukraine?(Poststructuralist) 

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How is contemporary Russian propaganda used to legitimise Russia's invasion of Ukraine?(Poststructuralist) 

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Data: Propagandists - speeches from Politicians, journalists, media interviews, news reports, documentaries and films, social media posts, news programmes.

Evaluation: Reflexivity, Transparency

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How do corporations evaluate human rights tradeoffs and decide what lines to draw when operating in challenging contexts without clear regulatory guidance?

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How do corporations evaluate human rights tradeoffs and decide what lines to draw when operating in challenging contexts without clear regulatory guidance?

# data[].attributes.body
Poststructuralist

Data: formal interviews and public corporate reporting/statements

Method: discourse analysis

Evaluation: transparency and reflexivity

# data[].attributes.headline
In what ways do narratives and visual representations in U.S. climate change policies and advocacy materials contribute to public understanding and engagement between 2015 and 2018?

# data[].attributes.subject
In what ways do narratives and visual representations in U.S. climate change policies and advocacy materials contribute to public understanding and engagement between 2015 and 2018?

# data[].attributes.body
interpretivist

content analysis

# data[].attributes.headline
How has the Western framework of feminism contributed to the juxtaposing/ dichotomous portrayal of women in conflicts, namely Ukraine and Afghanistan. "Poststructuralist"

# data[].attributes.subject
How has the Western framework of feminism contributed to the juxtaposing/ dichotomous portrayal of women in conflicts, namely Ukraine and Afghanistan. "Poststructuralist"

# data[].attributes.headline
Positivist version: “The Labour Party's differential use of election messaging in the 2019 UK GE: a comparative case study analysis of election pamphlets from a “liberal metropolitan city” constituency vs “red-wall town” constituency. 

# data[].attributes.subject
Positivist version: “The Labour Party's differential use of election messaging in the 2019 UK GE: a comparative case study analysis of election pamphlets from a “liberal metropolitan city” constituency vs “red-wall town” constituency. 

# data[].attributes.headline
How are the narratives of male sexual violence victims in armed conflicts perceived by the international world?

# data[].attributes.subject
How are the narratives of male sexual violence victims in armed conflicts perceived by the international world?

# data[].attributes.body
Data - narrative analysis of transcripts of survivors stories and analysis of the language used in policies etc

Evaluation - reflexivity and transparency

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post-structuralist: what power relations played a role in the narratives that led to the attack on the US capitol on 6th January 2021?

# data[].attributes.subject
post-structuralist: what power relations played a role in the narratives that led to the attack on the US capitol on 6th January 2021?

# data[].attributes.body
narrative and discourse analysis of tweets, vlogs, and other right-wing media posts

# data[].attributes.headline
Interpretivist : How do people in North Korea interpret and understand the messages and symbols in government propaganda, and does this differ among different groups of people?                                      

# data[].attributes.subject
Interpretivist : How do people in North Korea interpret and understand the messages and symbols in government propaganda, and does this differ among different groups of people?                                      

# data[].attributes.body
Data collection:

Dates when North Korea did significant nuclear testing- viewed through media and if it was during a certain key time in western politics

The leaders of NATO during this time

Evaluation: transparency

# data[].attributes.headline
Interpretivist - How do perceptions of waste dumping impacts for African countries, as portrayed by images, impact hazardous waste trade policy negotiations?

# data[].attributes.subject
Interpretivist - How do perceptions of waste dumping impacts for African countries, as portrayed by images, impact hazardous waste trade policy negotiations?

# data[].attributes.body
Data: Images of waste dumping, interviews, data on recent waste trade trends, and data on significant policy changes in the waste

trade arena.

Criteria: Is the interviewer objective? Have they established the context and have an understanding of the contextual knowledge? How has the data been collected? Which countries have missing data?

Bias, reflexivity

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What are the necessary factors for successful post-war reconstruction in the Ukraine? 

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What are the necessary factors for successful post-war reconstruction in the Ukraine? 

# data[].attributes.body
Interpretivist.

Use case studies of both successful and failed post-war reconstructions, i.e. Germany, Japan, Iraq, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Identify what helped and what made reconstruction more difficult.

# data[].attributes.headline
How do minority women in government present themselves before and after their time in power?

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How do minority women in government present themselves before and after their time in power?

# data[].attributes.body
Data:

Positivist

Images from before, during and after their time in power

Content Analysis

Evaluation:

External Validity: can it be applied to other minority groups if I am only looking at a select few

Reliability: Do it over and over, hoping to get the same result or someone else can try and get the same results.

# data[].attributes.body
History is often dictated, as default, from the male perspective and rarely considers the female experience of the same period. An analysis of a period is missing half of the story when we ignore the lives of women.

Has this changed with time? Does gender influence the proportion of perspectives?

How often are women mentioned in neutral depictions of English medieval history?

This would be a post-structural analysis of perspective in gender in historical study.

Data would be pulled from historical journals, with an equal author gendered divide.

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Poststructuralist: How are women represented to be more emotional than men in romantic comedies?

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Poststructuralist: How are women represented to be more emotional than men in romantic comedies?

# data[].attributes.body
Data: A specific film, for example, plots and transcripts for female characters, the differences between female and male characters

Criteria: If we can collect strong examples to illustrate the significant difference, for example, from a typical movie？

# data[].attributes.body
Research Question: how is women's employment portrayed by the government in China before and after the three-child policy?

Data collection: government reports and state media coverage on women's employment before and after the three-child policy.

method: interpretivist approach

evaluation: transparency, reflexivity

# data[].attributes.headline
How is UN's political discourse construction around precariousness in developing countries used to legitimate paternalistic measures and perpetuate power hierarchies?

# data[].attributes.subject
How is UN's political discourse construction around precariousness in developing countries used to legitimate paternalistic measures and perpetuate power hierarchies?

# data[].attributes.body
poststructuralism

Data: statements for humanitarian aid, statements on commitments to “social justice”

# data[].attributes.headline
 How were Ukrainians discursively constructed in online forums and comments sections by Russian speakers following the Russian invasion of 2022? 

# data[].attributes.subject
 How were Ukrainians discursively constructed in online forums and comments sections by Russian speakers following the Russian invasion of 2022? 

# data[].attributes.body
Data - large sample of comments/threads collected from twitter/instagram/telegram (would narrow down to onee)

Method - discourse analysis

poststructuralist

evaluation - transparency, usefulness

# data[].attributes.headline
How do proselytisation from local churches influence peoples' religious belief and faith?

# data[].attributes.subject
How do proselytisation from local churches influence peoples' religious belief and faith?

# data[].attributes.body
postitivism

data：before& after beliefs

# data[].attributes.headline
How does the discursive construction of Western-centric climate change narratives detrimentally affect the culture and quality of life of Indigenous peoples in Canada?

# data[].attributes.subject
How does the discursive construction of Western-centric climate change narratives detrimentally affect the culture and quality of life of Indigenous peoples in Canada?

# data[].attributes.body
Post structuralist

Discourse analysis

# data[].attributes.headline
How would radical words affect on citizens resistance to the government-based on China's dynamic zero policy

# data[].attributes.subject
How would radical words affect on citizens resistance to the government-based on China's dynamic zero policy

# data[].attributes.body
Data: 1.words posted by the government press during a specific peoriod 2.words posted on social media which reflect people's attitude

# data[].attributes.headline
Can the discursive construction of the “security threat” utilised by populist-radical-right political figures explain the increasingly isolationist foreign policy of Western European nations in the 21st Century? (Post-Structuralist)

# data[].attributes.subject
Can the discursive construction of the “security threat” utilised by populist-radical-right political figures explain the increasingly isolationist foreign policy of Western European nations in the 21st Century? (Post-Structuralist)

# data[].attributes.body
This research question is post-structuralist in nature as it concerns how "knowledge" surrounding international policy such as security and immigration is constructed and promulgated by a figure who holds power to then inspire isolationist sentiment within their viewership/supporters, which is then reflected by changes to national policy.

Method: Critical Discourse Analysis.

Data: Articles written by Nigel Farage in his weekly column in the Independent Newspaper in the years leading up to the Brexit vote (2013-2016).

With this data, I would construct a framework that sought to identify language constructions as belonging to the Populist-Radical-Right ideology, and then analyse their effectiveness at establishing belief as knowledge and imposing this onto the readership as fact.

Evaluation: Transparency, reflexivity, objectivity.

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How have ‘spoiler’ terrorist attacks by rebel groups during peace negotiations been covered by newspapers?

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How have ‘spoiler’ terrorist attacks by rebel groups during peace negotiations been covered by newspapers?

# data[].attributes.body
Content analysis (positivist approach)

1. I would collect articles related to terrorist attacks in domestic newspapers. I would analyse the data by looking for instances of:

A) support for or opposition to the negotiations

B) support for or opposition to a retaliatory government response against the rebels

2. I would test the strength of my research design through double coding. This would ensure that the coding frame is clear and replicable.