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On the other hand, Source 3: Family Planning Programs in the Third World (Freedman, 1990) Ronald Freedman, the founder of the Population Studies Center, explores the long-term benefits of family planning policies, focusing on increasing access to modern contraceptives in developing countries. This source focuses more on the birth of the pill, as it proved to be highly effective from the start.

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TITLE/AUTHOR

Family Planning Programs in the Third World

(Freedman, 1990)

Since the birth of the pill, the pill has significantly altered women's health, fertility patterns, laws and policies, religion, family roles, women's employment, and gender relations (Freedman, 1990).

The pill has also had a significant impact on social life. For example, the availability of the pill and the control it allowed over fertility played a major role in the rise of the women's rights movement in the 1960s and 1970s. This power gave women the freedom to choose in other spheres of life, particularly the workplace (Freedman, 1990).

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TITLE/AUTHOR

From Developing Countries to Emerging Markets: A Changing Role for Law in the Third World

(Salacuse, 1999)

When women achieve knowledge of contraception use, it could impact fertility through age at marriage, as marital patterns are closely linked to fertility. As a result, higher female education can postpone marriage and lead to later family formation (Salacuse, 1999).

The importance of contraceptive education can be seen in the impact of knowledge on the choice and right and consistent use of contraception.

Contraceptive value is one of the most important considerations when choosing a method (Salacuse, 1999).

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The birth of "the pill" in the early 1960s sparked interest in bringing modern contraceptive methods to all nations. Historically, contraceptive use was a very controversial discussion in the 19th century, with contraception information even being illegal in most countries. At last, family planning received support based on these two assumptions. The first was that, in order to prevent unintended pregnancies and to have the number and timing of children they desired, women and couples would use contemporary birth control methods. The second claim was that programs for family planning would increase access to contraceptives and assist in addressing the need to control reproduction. Unfortunately, there are still numerous barriers that prevent women and girls in developing countries from using modern forms of contraception. The lack of access due to a shortage of qualified professionals, the scarcity of available methods, and the lack of education are particular issues faced by developing nations. In conclusion, in order for developing countries to decrease their fertility rates, adopting a person-centered perspective is crucial in understanding contraceptive use, considering reproductive health issues women face throughout life stages, such as childhood to adolescence, and navigating these transitions in life stages.

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The relationship between education and fertility has been a repetitive theme throughout the demographic range. This negative relationship is strong and varies across both developed and developing countries and between women of diffferent education levels. Making family planning achieveable in developing countries could make our world more sustainable, and lower fertility rates. But in order to achieve this, women's education needs to be improved. Education is believed to accelerate fertility decline through two main mechanisms: increasing the opportunity cost for women to have children and changing the value placed on large families.

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It is crucial to understand how family planning has changed over time. For instance, certain activities that don't produce the desired results could be phased out as successful interventions get scaled up. Because of this, family planning, when done well, can give women and couples accurate information. Understanding the development and history of family planning may improve educational access. As a result, the population becomes healthier and more productive, better able to take care of themselves and their children, and lessens the burden on limited resources.

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Both of these sources conclude that since the introduction of the pill in the early 1960s, family planning has had a positive influence on the social welfare and health of the mothers, which directly supported the reduction of mortality. However, in many developing countries, young women's use of modern contraceptive methods is limited by a field of factors that center on the lack of knowledge, lack of control, barriers to access, age, income, religion, and culture could influence the attitudes of women.

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Sources 7: Family Planning Program Effects: Evidence from Microdata (Miller & Babiarz, 2016) and 8: Do Incentives Matter?- Evaluation of a Family Planning Program in India (Sunil, Pillai, & Pandey, 1999) both provide knowledge on how family planning programs have contributed to the removal of obstacles by expanding access to contraception and a greater range of techniques, as well as by raising public awareness of the minimal risks associated with using contraceptives properly. In conclusion, planned pregnancies spaced two or more years apart lead to healthier babies, fewer medical issues, and avoid social, health, and financial problems.

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TITLE/AUTHOR

Family Planning Program Effects: Evidence from Microdata

(Miller & Babiarz, 2016)

By enabling women to finish their education, enter the workforce, work more productively, earn higher wages, and increase savings and investments, improved reproductive health care—including voluntary family planning—can support economies and promote sustainable development (Miller & Babiarz, 2016).

Preventing unintended pregnancies through programs can reduce unwanted births, unsafe abortions, and improve maternal and child health, contributing to poverty reduction and population growth slowdown (Miller & Babiarz, 2016).

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These sources address the importance of education that goes beyond knowing a few contraceptive methods, whether they're modern or traditional. Achieving universal access to education, including knowledge of fertility, benefits, and contraceptive side effects, is necessary to enhance effective government policies and programs in developing countries.

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Source 6: From Developing Countries to Emerging Markets: A Changing Role for Law in the Third World (Salacuse, 1999) empathizes with the benefits of contraception use. According to Jeswald Salacuse, a school dean at the Southern Methodist University Law School, notes that contraception information and services are essential to the health and human rights of all individuals. All in all, with the prevention of unintended pregnancies, the number of pregnancy-related deaths and maternal poor health could decrease.

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Sources 4: Women's Education and Fertility: Results from 26 Demographic and Health Surveys (Martín, 1995) and 5: Limits to Modern Contraceptive Use Among Young Women in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Research (Williamson, Parkes, Wight, Petticrew, & Hart, 2009) synthesize nicely together as they talk about the influence of policy making on education. Having educational interventions in developing countries could help increase knowledge of available contraceptive methods, allowing individuals to make well-educated decisions and use contraception more beneficially.

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All of these sources help to empathize with the purpose of family planning programs. The programs that were made in the early 1960s were intended to decrease the unfortunate health and financial effects of badly spaced childbirth on children, women, and their families. Later on, in the late 1960s, parents had a basic human right to freely and responsibly decide the number of children they wanted.

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Sources 1: The Origins and Evolution of Family Planning Programs in Developing Countries (Seltzer, 2002) and 2: The Impact of Family Planning Programs on Unmet Need and Demand for Contraception (Bongaarts, 2014) blend together distinctively as they summarize the importance of reducing unmet contraceptive needs. Additionally, these sources note that supply-side interventions have limited impact due to the insufficient address of demand-side factors like individual beliefs and attitudes. Both of the sources briefly mention that a "person-centered" approach to understanding contraceptive use can identify multilevel factors, including individual-level and broader social, cultural, and economic factors, and inform the development of more effective programs.

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How have family planning programs changed throughout the years in developing countries?

(Historical)

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TITLE/AUTHOR

Limits to Modern Contraceptive Use Among Young Women in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Research

(Williamson, Parkes, Wight, Petticrew, & Hart, 2009)

Hormonal techniques were not widely used by women due to a lack of access or expertise (Williamson, Parkes, Wight, Petticrew, & Hart, 2009).

Condom use was restricted by their link to disease and promiscuity, despite the fact that they were frequently more accessible and perhaps more appealing than hormonal alternatives. Therefore, young women frequently turned to abortion or traditional methods (Williamson, Parkes, Wight, Petticrew, & Hart, 2009).

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TITLE/AUTHOR

The Impact of Family Planning Programs on Unmet Need and Demand for Contraception

(Bongaarts, 2014)

In the late 1960s and early 1970s, a large number of women who did not want to get pregnant were not using contraception (Bongaarts, 2014).

The development of contraceptive methods like the pill in the 1960s sparked global interest in family planning, assuming women would adopt modern birth control to avoid unwanted pregnancies and increase fertility regulation, therefore making contraception widely available (Bongaarts, 2014).

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TITLE/AUTHOR: The Origins and Evolution of Family Planning Programs in Developing Countries

(Seltzer, 2002)

Family planning programs in developing countries began due to concerns about a "world population problem" in the late 1940s and 1950s. Rapid population growth, resulting from declining mortality and high fertility, was evident in many developing countries (Seltzer, 2002).

Family planning programs have been crucial public health interventions in developing countries and a component of development assistance programs. The three rationales for family planning programs have varied over the years, with demographic concerns being the predominant focus for the late 1960s and 1970s (Seltzer, 2002).

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TITLE/AUTHOR

Do Incentives Matter?- Evaluation of a Family Planning Program in India

(Sunil, Pillai, & Pandey, 1999)

Smaller, healthier families with more capable individuals are the product of family planning. Communities are less stressed with when it comes to public services, education, and health because there are fewer kids to treat and immunize (Sunil, Pillai, & Pandey, 1999).

There are numerous advantages to family planning for the father, mother, and kids. It can enable mothers to regain their health after delivery. Along with giving more time to dedicate to her family and personal development (Sunil, Pillai, & Pandey, 1999).

The pill, male and female sterilization, IUDs, injectables, implants, diaphragms, and male and female condoms, are examples of modern forms of contraception.

Withdrawal, folk methods, and occasional abstinence are examples of traditional methods of family planning.

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TITLE/AUTHOR

Women's Education and Fertility: Results from 26 Demographic and Health Surveys

(Martín, 1995)

Policymakers in countries with high fertility rates are often focused in advancing their fertility decline, since rapid population growth can lead to a number of undesirable consequences for the economy, the environment, and public health (Martín, 1995).

It's generally believed that policies that empower individuals, particularly girls and women, realize their individual goals in life speed up the decline in fertility.

Education and family planning have long been tied to lower fertility trends (Martín, 1995).

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The Causes and Effects of Family Planning Programs

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The Causes and Effects of Family Planning Programs

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The Repetitive Relationship Between Education and Fertility

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The Repetitive Relationship Between Education and Fertility

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There are concerns in developing nations about women being pregnant at a young age because of their high unmet family planning needs. According to Mansureh Yazdkhasti, a professor at Alborz University of Medical Sciences, notes that despite satisfying women’s unmet needs for contraception in populations where such need is high, the great majority of women experience an increase in health risks, like the risks of miscarriages and poor nutrition from having unplanned pregnancies (Yazdkhasti, 2015). For example, during the 1960s in Turrialba, Costa Rica, there were concerns about the increasing population growth, which caused the destruction of forests because the city couldn’t control the very rapid growth (Carranza, 2010). In an effort to address this, it’s important to understand how family planning programs have changed throughout the years in developing countries in order to help nations moderate high fertility rates.