# data[].attributes.body
“The stickleback refers to William Bowman's study of muscles, in which he used this fish.”

“ The Manuscripts of Sir William Bowman was given on 18 June 1840; until the recent advent of the electron microscope histologists have been able to add little to Bowman's original description of striated muscle of 125 years ago.”

“Bowman's original contributions to the surgery and medicine of the eye were many. Histologically he described the cornea, including its anterior elastic membrane, Bowman's membrane: the radial fibres of the ciliary muscle.” Page 248-250 The Manuscripts of Sir William Bowman by K Bryan Thomas

“he graduated to London, as demonstrator in anatomy, at King's College, taking advantage of a new microscope (the reward for his exact calibration of the cardiac orifices) to unravel the intricacies of human histology.These had to be gleaned from teased-out tissues, as seen by reflected light, since stained sections were not yet available.” British Journal of Ophthalmology,1992 volume 76

“The three most important subjects of Bowman’s researches were (1) the structure of muscular fibre, (2) the structure of the kidney, and (3) that of the mucous membrane of the alimentary canal.” Nature, April 14th 1892

# data[].attributes.body
Elisavliegen@outlook.com

# data[].attributes.body
limengyiman@163.com

# data[].attributes.body
akui424242@163.com

# data[].attributes.body
Background (Biography): yichen
Career: elisa and katherine
Discoveries: irma and eliza
Connection to Kings: alexandra
Activities beyond academics: bella
Fun facts: LIL INFO
https://www.canva.com/design/DAFO7uFrcNI/ExsjJa1DH8CntUfnoI2eyg/edit?utm_content=DAFO7uFrcNI&utm_campaign=designshare&utm_medium=link2&utm_source=sharebutton

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Brown Creative Travel Adventure Trifold Brochure

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Check out this trifold brochure designed by alexandrarosenthalm.

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/A691640FEC58434D65F5CE38AF1AB523/S002572730001111Xa.pdf/the-manuscripts-of-sir-william-bowman.pdf

# data[].attributes.body
he had a very steady hand and often drew his own pictures for books or papers that he had published

Baroneted in 1884

# data[].attributes.body
discovered 3 structures in the cornea: Bowman’s Membrane, Bowman’s Muscle, and Bowman’s Tubes

Bowman's capsule in kidney -
Bowman's glands — in the olfactory mucosa

"He found that the capsule surrounding each ball of capillaries (the glomerulus) in the nephrons (the blood filtration units of the kidney) is a continuous part of the renal duct, which eventually drains urine into the bladder. This structure, now called Bowman’s capsule, was of prime importance to his filtration theory of urine formation, which is the most important element in the present understanding of kidney function. Bowman and Todd’s investigations resulted in their The Physiological Anatomy and Physiology of Man, 2 vol. (1845–56), a pioneering work in both physiology and histology."

works on the structure of striated muscle

"important piece of work [on] the structure of the muscous membrane of the alimentary canal"
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC513067/?page=6

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
BRITISH MASTERS OF OPHTHALMOLOGY SERIES: 16.-SIR WILLIAM BOWMAN, BART., F.R.S., 1816-1892

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The new PMC design is here! Learn more about navigating our updated article layout. The PMC legacy view will also be available for a limited time.

# data[].attributes.body
Born in Nantwich, Cheshire, third son of a banker and amateur botanist/geologist. A childhood accident involving gunpowder is supposed to have interested him in medicine, and he was apprenticed to surgeon Joseph Hodgson at Birmingham General Hospital in 1832.He left Birmingham in 1837 to further his training as a surgeon and attended King's College London.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_William_Bowman,_1st_Baronet

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Sir William Bowman, 1st Baronet (20 July 1816 - 29 March 1892) was an English surgeon, histologist and anatomist. He is best known for his research using microscopes to study various human organs, though during his lifetime he pursued a successful career as an ophthalmologist.

Born in Nantwich, Cheshire, third son of a banker and amateur botanist/geologist, Bowman attended Hazelwood School near Birmingham from 1826. A childhood accident involving gunpowder is supposed to have interested him in medicine, and he was apprenticed to surgeon Joseph Hodgson at Birmingham General Hospital in 1832. He left Birmingham in 1837 to further his training as a surgeon and attended King's College London, where he served as a prosector under Robert Bentley Todd, a Professor of physiology.

His earliest notable work was on the structure of striated muscle, for which he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1841. At the young age of 25, he identified what then became known as the Bowman's capsule, a key component of the nephron. He presented his findings in 1842 in his paper " On the Structure and Use of the Malpighian Bodies of the Kidney" to the Royal Society and was awarded the Royal Medal. His collaboration with Todd led to the publication of the five-volume " Physiological Anatomy and Physiology of Man" (1843-1856) and " Cyclopaedia of Anatomy and Physiology" (1852), which detailed their research on microscopy and histology, relating minute anatomical observations to physiological functions. Their extensive use of the microscopes revolutionized the study of anatomy and physiology. Apart from the Bowman's capsule, other anatomical structures named after him include:

After completing his surgical training in 1844, Bowman practised as an ophthalmologist at the Royal London Ophthalmic Hospital (later known as Moorfields Eye Hospital). He was an early user of the ophthalmoscope invented by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1851. Between 1848 and 1855, he also taught at King's College. In 1880, he founded the 'Ophthalmological Society', which later became the Royal College of Ophthalmologists.

In 1870 he commissioned Arts and Crafts architect Philip Webb to rebuild Joldwynds, Bowman's house in Holmbury St Mary, Surrey. It was completed in 1874.

In 1884, Queen Victoria created him as a baronet. He died at Joldwynds on 29 March 1892, and is buried in the neighbouring churchyard of Holmbury St. Mary. A memorial to him lies within St James's Church, Piccadilly.

On 28 Dec. 1842, he married Harriet, fifth daughter of Thomas Paget of Leicester, by whom he had seven children. She died at Joldwynds on 25 October 1900. He was succeeded in the title by his eldest son, Sir Paget Bowman.

Todd, Robert Bentley; Bowman, William (1857), The Physiological Anatomy and Physiology of Man, Philadelphia: Blanchard and Lea, full download available at Google Book Search.

Bowman, William (1849), Lectures on the parts concerned in the operations on the eye, and on the structure of the retina: Delivered at the Royal London Ophthalmic Hospital, Moorfields, June 1847. To which are Added, a Paper on the Vitreous Humor; and Also a Few Cases of Ophthalmic Disease, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, full download available at Google Book Search.

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Power, D'Arcy (1901). "Bowman, William". Dictionary of National Biography (1st supplement). London: Smith, Elder & Co.

Galst, Jay M (April 2007), "Sir William Bowman (1816-1892).", Archives of Ophthalmology, 125 (4): 459, doi:10.1001/archopht.125.4.459, PMID 17450657

Frixione, Eugenio (2006), "Muscle microanatomy and its changes during contraction: the legacy of William Bowman (1816-1892).", Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility, 27 (1): 9-20, doi:10.1007/s10974-005-9048-z, PMID 16465470, S2CID 20472873

Haviv, Y S (February 2000), "Figures in the historical dispute over renal function. Part II: Karl Ludwig versus Rudolph Heidenhain and William Bowman.", Journal of Medical Biography, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 32-8, doi:10.1177/096777200000800107, PMID 10994045, S2CID 12239557

Eknoyan, G (December 1996), "Sir William Bowman: his contributions to physiology and nephrology.", Kidney Int., vol. 50, no. 6, pp. 2120-8, doi:10.1038/ki.1996.538, PMID 8943499

Roman, F S (October 1992), "Sir William Bowman", The British Journal of Ophthalmology, 76 (10): 639, doi:10.1136/bjo.76.10.639, PMC , PMID 1420050

Trevor-Roper, P (March 1992), "Sir William Bowman-1816-1892", The British Journal of Ophthalmology, vol. 76, no. 3, p. 129, doi:10.1136/bjo.76.3.129, PMC , PMID 1540552

Davis, B T (1982), "The formative years of Sir William Bowman, F. R. S", Histoire des sciences médicales, vol. 17, no. Spec 2, pp. 169-71, PMID 11612284

Law, F W (1975), "Sir William Bowman", Survey of Ophthalmology, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 302-7, PMID 1092012

Lilien, O M (July 1972), "Sir William Bowman (1816-1892)", Investigative Urology, 10 (1): 107-8, ISSN 0021-0005, PMID 4556711

Grondona, F (September 1971), "[Structure and function of the kidney according to William Bowman]", Clio Medica (Amsterdam, Netherlands), vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 195-204, PMID 4113808

Thomas, K B (July 1966), "The manuscripts of Sir William Bowman", Medical History, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 245-56, doi:10.1017/s002572730001111x, PMC , PMID 5330007

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Sir William Bowman, 1st Baronet - Wikipedia

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Sir William Bowman, 1st Baronet (20 July 1816 - 29 March 1892) was an English surgeon, histologist and anatomist. He is best known for his research using microscopes to study various human organs, though during his lifetime he pursued a successful career as an ophthalmologist.

# data[].attributes.body
eye surgeon career (ophthalmic surgeon) at Royal London Ophthalmic Hospital
- He was the first surgeon in England to perform iridectomy of the glaucomas in 1857.
- was known to be one of the leading eye surgeons of the country
- founded and becoming the first president of the Ophthalmological Society in 1880.
-early user of the ophthalmoscope invented by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1851.
-taught in King's College between 1848 and 1855

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC504187/?page=1

Summary:
Bowman spent many years working as an ophthalmic surgeon (eye surgeon) at Royal London Ophthalmic Hospital. He became known as one of the leading eye surgeons of the country and was also the first surgeon in England to perform the iridectomy of the glaucomas in 1857.

# data[].attributes.body
Bowman attended Hazelwood School near Birmingham from 1826. A childhood accident involving gunpowder is supposed to have interested him in medicine, and he was apprenticed to surgeon Joseph Hodgson at Birmingham General Hospital in 1832. He left Birmingham in 1837 to further his training as a surgeon and attended King's College London, where he served as a prosector under Robert Bentley Todd, a Professor of physiology.

# data[].attributes.body
History

Background
Born: 20 July 1816 - Cheshire
Died: 29 March 1892 (Aged 75) - Surrey
Family
John Eddowas Bowman - banker

# data[].attributes.headline
Activities beyond academics (charities, etc)

# data[].attributes.subject
Activities beyond academics (charities, etc)

# data[].attributes.body
"Worked with Florence Nightingale. He established the St John’s House and Sisterhood to provide trained nurses and was able to aid Nightingale by sending out trained nurses to the East during the Crimean War of 1853–6." https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/blue-plaques/sir-william-bowman/

https://www.kcl.ac.uk/people/william-bowman

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Sir William Bowman | Ophthalmic Surgeon and Anatomist | Blue Plaques | English Heritage

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Blue plaque commemorating surgeon and anatomist Sir William Bowman at St Anthony’s School, Ivy House, 94-96 North End Road, NW11 7SX, London Borough of Barnet.

# data[].attributes.body
"It was at King’s College, London, where Bowman established his career. He first joined its medical department in 1837 and taught at the college until 1862, when he left to focus on his work in private practice and as surgeon at the Royal London Ophthalmic Hospital in Moorfields." https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/blue-plaques/sir-william-bowman/

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Sir William Bowman | Ophthalmic Surgeon and Anatomist | Blue Plaques | English Heritage

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Blue plaque commemorating surgeon and anatomist Sir William Bowman at St Anthony’s School, Ivy House, 94-96 North End Road, NW11 7SX, London Borough of Barnet.

# data[].attributes.body
Discoveries when/where/what
- "1839–42 and included a histological, or microscopic, study of the kidney, for which he was awarded the Royal Society’s medal. Bowman discovered how the kidney uses the mechanism of filtration to produce urine. A structure in the kidney – Bowman’s Capsule – is named after him." https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/blue-plaques/sir-william-bowman/

"He was a highly successful private practitioner and was soon recognized as London’s outstanding eye surgeon and one of the world’s foremost ophthalmic research scientists. He was the first to describe several eye structures and their functions."
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sir-William-Bowman-1st-Baronet
Impact on Scientific Field

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Sir William Bowman | Ophthalmic Surgeon and Anatomist | Blue Plaques | English Heritage

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Blue plaque commemorating surgeon and anatomist Sir William Bowman at St Anthony’s School, Ivy House, 94-96 North End Road, NW11 7SX, London Borough of Barnet.