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It is a viral pathogen that interferes with the body’s ability to fight infection and disease. It does this by destroying the CD4 T cells or very important WBCs in the body. It is also classified as a STI or sexually transmitted infection.

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It is acquired or spread by contact with infected blood, blood from illicit injection drug use (sharing needles), and from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth or breastfeeding.

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HIV can cause AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

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Signs and symptoms are based upon which stage of HIV you are in. Primary infection, Clinical latent infection, Symptomatic HIV infection, and AIDS Progression. In most cases, common symptoms appear to be “normal” or the person may be asymptomatic.

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This can also be called “Acute HIV”. Symptoms include: fever, headache, rash, sore throat, and muscle aches.

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This can also be called “Chronic HIV”. During this stage, most appear asymptomatic or experience few symptoms like mentioned in the primary stage.

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Symptoms include fever, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, diarrhea, thrush, and shingles.

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If left untreated or noticed, HIV can cause AIDS. The progression symptoms include sweats, chills, chronic diarrhea, white spots on the tongue, fatigue, skin rashes or bumps, and recurring fevers.

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People at risk include: sexually active persons, illicit drug users, persons with current STI’s

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Ways of prevention can include, PrEP (pre exposure prophylaxis), TasP (treatment as prevention), informing yourself and/or sexually partner if you have disease or are at risk, using clean needles, hand hygiene, male circumcision, and using protection while sexually active.

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There is no cure for HIV. It can be controlled with antiviral treatment or ART therapy. ART therapy has been used to reduce the amount of AIDS deaths.