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Great Animation Shows How Deep Humans Dug Into The Earth

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"The structure of the earth is divided into four major components: the crust, the mantle, the outer core, and the inner core."

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"The structure of the earth is divided into four major components: the crust, the mantle, the outer core, and the inner core."

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Each layer has a unique chemical composition, physical state, and can impact life on Earth's surface. Movement in the mantle caused by variations in heat from the core, cause the plates to shift, which can cause earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. These natural hazards then change our landscape, and in some cases, threaten lives and property.

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Structure Of The Earth | The Dr. Binocs Show | Educational Videos For Kids

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Choose a specific region/area and describe the landscape and landform in that region/area. 

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Choose a specific region/area and describe the landscape and landform in that region/area. 

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What to do:
- Add the image of your chosen region/area by adding the comment in this section.
- Explain about the landscape and landform of the region/area that you chose (how many different types of landform/landscape are there?).
- How is the interaction between the human and environment in the region/area that you chose.

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So.. How Well Do You Now Know Our Mother Earth?

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So.. How Well Do You Now Know Our Mother Earth?

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Guess now you have a thorough understanding of the earth. You know what is inside and outside of the earth. You also know that the earth is not constant. It always moving though we barely can feel its motion.

Now, your final mission is to explain the impact of each tectonic plates movement. Dig more sources for more comprehensive and detailed discussion. Record your investigation in your journal and present your understanding in one of the following format:
1. digital comic
2. song parody
3. video (such as: Prezi video)
Do not forget to share your product in your social media account. Remember the adagium: learning is sharing.

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Landsman (2001) defined disaster as: "any event, typically occurring suddenly, that causes damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life, deterioration of health and health services, and which exceeds the capacity of the affected community on a scale sufficient to require outside assistance

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Landsman (2001) defined disaster as: "any event, typically occurring suddenly, that causes damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life, deterioration of health and health services, and which exceeds the capacity of the affected community on a scale sufficient to require outside assistance

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Prevention is defined as those activities taken to prevent a natural phenomenon or potential hazard from having harmful effects on either people or economic assets. Prevention planning is based on two issues: hazard identification (identifying the actual threats facing a community) and vulnerability assessment (evaluating the risk and capacity of a community to handle the consequences of the disaster).

Preparedness: Are the measures that ensure the organized mobilization of personnel, funds, equipments, and supplies within a safe environment for effective relief. Disaster preparedness is building up of capacities before a disaster situation prevails in order to reduce impacts. Its measures include inter alia, availability of food reserve, emergency reserve fund, seed reserve, health facilities, warning systems, logistical infrastructure, relief manual, and shelves of projects.

sources: https://www.humanitarianlibrary.org/sites/default/files/2013/07/DisasterPreventionPreparedness.pdf
Find out disaster risk reduction in Japan, check: https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/radio/bosaiweb/ accessed on 20 November 2019

This is how Jakarta prepare for flood: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/10/8/2934/htm

Learn more about disaster risk reduction through this booklet: https://www.unisdr.org/files/2114_booklet.pdf , 26 Feb 2020

For exercise go to: https://www.thegeographeronline.net/hazards-and-disasters---risk-assessment-and-response.html, 13 Mar 2020

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Landscape consists of a variety of geographical features that are characteristics of an area. It can be divided into two categories: natural and human. Natural landscapes are mainly unaffected by human activity and typical to particular areas of the world. Human landscapes have been created an modified by people, that is why it sometimes called "cultural landscapes".

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We are going to learn and explore about;

Introducing our earth

The earth formation

The earth structure

The earth surface

The changes and dynamic process of earth formation and structure

How human adapt to the earth changes and movement

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Conceptual question: how the earth system, structure and movement affect human life? Debatable question: Will we be able to predict the earth future?

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Please answer these following questions for your Pre- Assessment.

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Please answer these following questions for your Pre- Assessment.

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1. What do you know about the Earth System?
2. Do you think that our ancestors ever met the real living dinosaurs?
3. What is the oldest creature on earth?
4. What are the things that you need to prepare to take a journey to the core of the earth?
5. Why disaster happens?

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The movement of plates results in formation of specific landscapes or landforms. The type of landscapes or landforms is in turn determined by the type of plate boundaries. There are three different types of plate boundaries - divergent, convergent, and transform boundaries

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The movement of plates results in formation of specific landscapes or landforms. The type of landscapes or landforms is in turn determined by the type of plate boundaries. There are three different types of plate boundaries - divergent, convergent, and transform boundaries

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"In geologic terms, a plate is a large, rigid slab of solid rock. The word tectonics comes from the Greek root "to build." Plate tectonics refers to how the Earth's surface is built of plates. The theory of plate tectonics states that the Earth's outermost layer is fragmented into a dozen or more large and small plates that are moving relative to one another as they ride atop hotter, more mobile material. "

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What will happen if the tectonic plate stop moving? 

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What will happen if the tectonic plate stop moving? 

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Check the discussion here: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/08/news-happens-plate-tectonics-end-earth-mountains-volcanoes-geology/ , 11 February 2020

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“Crust” describes  the outermost shell of a terrestrial planet. Earth's crust is generally divided into older, thicker continental crust and younger, denser oceanic crust. The dynamic geology of Earth's crust is informed by plate tectonics."

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“Crust” describes  the outermost shell of a terrestrial planet. Earth's crust is generally divided into older, thicker continental crust and younger, denser oceanic crust. The dynamic geology of Earth's crust is informed by plate tectonics."

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"There are two types of crusts, namely continental crust and oceanic crust. The continental crust makes up the continents, while the oceanic crust makes up the ocean floors. The thickness of the crust ranges from 5 km to 70 km. The oceanic crust is made up of denser minerals, such as magnesium, while the continental crust is made up of less dense minerals, such as aluminium."

Taken from: Onn, Yee Sze. Ed. 2011. Earth our Home: Full Geography. Marshall Cavendish. Singapore, p:32.

For more go to: https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/core/ , 15 Oct 2019,

or check: https://www.natgeokids.com/uk/discover/geography/physical-geography/structure-of-the-earth/ , 15 Oct 2019

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The Earth's crust: tectonic plate movement, volcanoes, tsunami, earthquakes

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What is inside Our Earth? You are now one step closer on getting to know our mother earth. Now, it is time to dig inside the earth. 

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What is inside Our Earth? You are now one step closer on getting to know our mother earth. Now, it is time to dig inside the earth. 

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We will explore what lies beneath the earth surface. Beware, this journey will be unbearably hot! Play this video when you are ready to take the ride.

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"The mantle is the mostly-solid bulk of Earth's interior. The mantle lies between Earth's dense, super-heated core and its thin outer layer, the crust. The mantle is about 2,900 kilometers (1,802 miles) thick, and makes up a whopping 84% of Earth’s total volume. "

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"The mantle is the mostly-solid bulk of Earth's interior. The mantle lies between Earth's dense, super-heated core and its thin outer layer, the crust. The mantle is about 2,900 kilometers (1,802 miles) thick, and makes up a whopping 84% of Earth’s total volume. "

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"The layer surrounding the outer core of the Earth is the mantle. It is about 2900 km thick, and its temperatures ranges from 1400°C to 3000°C. The mantle is divided into two layers: the upper and lower mantle. The upper mantle is further sub-divided into a solid and semi-molten layer, while the lower mantle is comprised of solid rock."

Taken from: Onn, Yee Sze. Ed. 2011. Earth our Home: Full Geography. Marshall Cavendish. Singapore, p:32

For more go to: https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/core/ , 15 Oct 2019,

or check: https://www.natgeokids.com/uk/discover/geography/physical-geography/structure-of-the-earth/ , 15 Oct 2019

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Disaster management aims to reduce, or avoid, the potential losses from hazards, assure prompt and appropriate assistance to victims of disaster, and achieve rapid and effective recovery.

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Disaster management aims to reduce, or avoid, the potential losses from hazards, assure prompt and appropriate assistance to victims of disaster, and achieve rapid and effective recovery.

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Mitigation - Minimizing the effects of disaster. Examples: building codes and zoning; vulnerability analyses; public education.
Preparedness - Planning how to respond. Examples: preparedness plans; emergency exercises/training; warning systems.
Response - Efforts to minimize the hazards created by a disaster. Examples: search and rescue; emergency relief.
Recovery - Returning the community to normal. Examples: temporary housing; grants; medical care.

Taken from: https://www.gdrc.org/uem/disasters/1-dm_cycle.html , 5 May 2020

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Humans have been interacting with their environment since people first walked the Earth. 

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Humans have been interacting with their environment since people first walked the Earth. 

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For example, humans have been cutting down forests to clear land to grow crops for centuries and by doing so we have altered the environment. Conversely, the environment affects us in many different ways as well. A simple example is the way we change our clothes in response to cold or hot weather. In this section we will introduce some of the ways in which humans influence their environment and how the environment influences us, both positively and negatively.

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Hi there! How's life on earth?Let me tell you another fact: that the earth is actually a living thing. Sounds weird? I know, the earth does not breathe as we do and it does not grow bigger in size, or does it?

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Hi there! How's life on earth?Let me tell you another fact: that the earth is actually a living thing. Sounds weird? I know, the earth does not breathe as we do and it does not grow bigger in size, or does it?

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Here is the truth: though we are not aware of it, but the earth is constantly in motion. I am not talking about an abrupt motion as in an earthquake. But it is a super slow motion around a few centimeters each year. Still remember the earth's internal structure: the core, mantle and crust? So, under the ground that we walk on, there are 15 major slabs named 'tectonic plate'. This tectonic plates are continuously moving due to the convection process occurred in the mantle. As the earth core is intensively hot has caused the mantle to move. This process similar to when boiling water in a pot. When the water in the bottom of the pot getting hot, the hot water rises up to the surface, while the cooler water sinks down.

The tectonic plates moves in three different direction: push toward each other, move apart, or slide past each other. Each movement shapes most of the features on earth surface (such as: volcano, valley, mountain) or even caused a serious destruction (as in tsunami and earthquake). Learn how it happens by closely reading the sources below: https://www.learner.org/series/interactive-dynamic-earth/.  While you read, list down as many as question that popped up your mind. Pose the question to your peers. If there is still unanswered question, discuss it with your teacher.

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Dynamic Earth Interactive - Annenberg Learner

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Delve into the structure of the Earth to learn what causes earthquakes, volcanoes, and more.

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Landform is natural geographical features or shape that appears in the Earth surface. Large landforms include mountains, plains, and rivers, while small landforms include hills and billabongs. Landforms are created and shaped by geographical forces of nature. Natural landscapes are made up of a variety landforms. Often landforms are not unique to a single landscape, for example a hill can be found in different landscapes.

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Please spare sometimes to watch this full video about the history of the Earth.

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The Whole History of the Earth and Life 【Newest Edition】

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"A divergent boundary is formed when two plates diverge or move apart from each other. This happens as magma spreads beneath the Earth surface. Since new land forms created along such plate boundary, it is also called a constructive boundary" The resulting land forms are: mid-oceanic ridge, valley, or sea (such as the Red Sea).

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Humans have been all over the Earth. We've conquered the lands, flown through the air and dived to the deepest trenches in the ocean. We've even been to the Moon. But we've never been to the planet's core.

We haven't even come close. The central point of the Earth is over 6,000km down, and even the outermost part of the core is nearly 3,000 km below our feet. The deepest hole we've ever created on the surface is the Kola Superdeep Borehole in Russia, and it only goes down a pitiful 12.3 km.

All the familiar events on Earth also happen close to the surface. The lava that spews from volcanoes first melts just a few hundred kilometres down. Even diamonds, which need extreme heat and pressure to form, originate in rocks less than 500km deep.

What's down below all that is shrouded in mystery. It seems unfathomable. And yet, we know a surprising amount about the core. We even have some idea about how it formed billions of years ago - all without a single physical sample. This is how the core was revealed.

One good way to start is to think about the mass of the Earth, says Simon Redfern of the University of Cambridge in the UK.

Most of the Earth's mass must be located towards the centre of the planet

We can estimate Earth's mass by observing the effect of the planet's gravity on objects at the surface. It turns out that the mass of the Earth is 5.9 sextillion tonnes: that's 59 followed by 20 zeroes.

There's no sign of anything that massive at the surface.

"The density of the material at the Earth's surface is much lower than the average density of the whole Earth, so that tells us there's something much denser," says Redfern. "That's the first thing."

Essentially, most of the Earth's mass must be located towards the centre of the planet. The next step is to ask which heavy materials make up the core.

The answer here is that it's almost certainly made mostly of iron. The core is thought to be around 80% iron, though the exact figure is up for debate.

An iron core would account for all that missing mass

The main evidence for this is the huge amount of iron in the universe around us. It is one of the ten most common elements in our galaxy, and is frequently found in meteorites.

Given how much there is of it, iron is much less common at the surface of the Earth than we might expect. So the theory is that when Earth formed 4.5 billion years ago, a lot of iron worked its way down to the core.

That's where most of the mass is, and it's where most of the iron must be too. Iron is a relatively dense element under normal conditions, and under the extreme pressure at the Earth's core it would be crushed to an even higher density, so an iron core would account for all that missing mass.

But wait a minute. How did that iron get down there in the first place?

The iron must have somehow gravitated - literally - towards the centre of the Earth. But it's not immediately obvious how.

Most of the rest of the Earth is made up of rocks called silicates, and molten iron struggles to travel through them. Rather like how water on a greasy surface forms droplets, the iron clings to itself in little reservoirs, refusing to spread out and flow.

The pressure actually changes the properties of how iron interacts with the silicate

A possible solution was discovered in 2013 by Wendy Mao of Stanford University in California and her colleagues. They wondered what happened when the iron and silicate were both exposed to extreme pressure, as happens deep in the earth.

By pinching both substances extremely tightly using diamonds, they were able to force molten iron through silicate.

"The pressure actually changes the properties of how iron interacts with the silicate," says Mao. "At higher pressures a 'melt network' is formed."

This suggests the iron was gradually squeezed down through the rocks of the Earth over millions of years, until it reached the core.

At this point you might be wondering how we know the size of the core. What makes scientists think it begins 3000km down? There's a one-word answer: seismology.

All the seismic stations dotted all over the Earth recorded the arrival of the tremors

When an earthquake happens, it sends shockwaves throughout the planet. Seismologists record these vibrations. It's as if we hit one side of the planet with a gigantic hammer, and listened on the other side for the noise.

"There was a Chilean earthquake in the 1960s that generated a huge amount of data," says Redfern. "All the seismic stations dotted all over the Earth recorded the arrival of the tremors from that earthquake."

Depending on the route those vibrations take, they pass through different bits of the Earth, and this affects how they "sound" at the other end.

Early in the history of seismology, it was realised that some vibrations were going missing. These "S-waves" were expected to show up on one side of the Earth after originating on the other, but there was no sign of them.

It turned out that rocks became liquid around 3000km down

The reason for this was simple. S-waves can only reverberate through solid material, and can't make it through liquid.

They must have come up against something molten in the centre of the Earth. By mapping the S-waves' paths, it turned out that rocks became liquid around 3000km down.

That suggested the entire core was molten. But seismology had another surprise in store.

In the 1930s, a Danish seismologist named Inge Lehmann noticed that another kind of waves, called P-waves, unexpectedly travelled through the core and could be detected on the other side of the planet.

P-waves really were travelling through the core

She came up with a surprising explanation: the core is divided into two layers. The "inner" core, which begins around 5,000km down, was actually solid. It was only the "outer" core above it that was molten.

Lehmann's idea was eventually confirmed in 1970, when more sensitive seismographs found that P-waves really were travelling through the core and, in some cases, being deflected off it at angles. Sure enough, they still ended up on the other side of the planet.

It's not just earthquakes that sent useful shockwaves through the Earth. In fact, seismology owes a lot of its success to the development of nuclear weapons.

A nuclear detonation also creates waves in the ground, so nations use seismology to listen out for weapons tests. During the Cold War this was seen as hugely important, so seismologists like Lehmann got a lot of encouragement.

This turns out to be quite tricky to determine

Rival countries found out about each other's nuclear capabilities and along the way we learned more and more about the core of the Earth. Seismology is still used to detect nuclear detonations today.

We can now draw a rough picture of the Earth's structure. There is a molten outer core, which begins roughly halfway to the planet's centre, and within it is the solid inner core with a diameter of 1,220 km.

But there is a lot more to try and tease out, especially about the inner core. For starters, how hot is it?

This turns out to be quite tricky to determine, and baffled scientists until quite recently, says Lidunka Vočadlo of University College London in the UK. We can't put a thermometer down there, so the only solution is to create the correct crushing pressure in the lab.

Earth's core has stayed warm thanks to heat retained from the formation of the planet

In 2013 a team of French researchers produced the best estimate to date. They subjected pure iron to pressures a little over half that at the core, and extrapolated from there. They concluded that the melting point of pure iron at core temperatures is around 6,230 °C. The presence of other materials would bring the core's melting point down a bit, to around 6,000 °C. But that's still as hot as the surface of the Sun.

A bit like a toasty jacket potato, Earth's core has stayed warm thanks to heat retained from the formation of the planet. It also gets heat from friction as denser materials shift around, as well as from the decay of radioactive elements. Still, it is cooling by about 100 °C every billion years.

Knowing the temperature is useful, because it affects the speed at which vibrations travel through the core. That is handy, because there is something odd about the vibrations.

P-waves travel unexpectedly slowly as they go through the inner core - slower than they would if it was made of pure iron.

It's a Cinderella problem: no shoe will quite fit

"Wave velocities that the seismologists measure in earthquakes and whatnot are significantly lower [than] anything that we measure in an experiment or calculate on a computer," says Vočadlo. "Nobody as yet knows why that is."

That suggests there is another material in the mix.

It could well be another metal, called nickel. But scientists have estimated how seismic waves would travel through an iron-nickel alloy, and it doesn't quite fit the readings either.

Vočadlo and her colleagues are now considering whether there might be other elements down there too, like sulphur and silicon. So far, no-one has been able to come up with a theory for the inner core's composition that satisfies everyone. It's a Cinderella problem: no shoe will quite fit.

That could explain why the seismic waves pass through more slowly than expected

Vočadlo is trying to simulate the materials of the inner core on a computer. She hopes to find a combination of materials, temperatures and pressures that would slow down the seismic waves by the right amount.

She says the secret might lie in the fact that the inner core is nearly at its melting point. As a result, the precise properties of the materials might be different from what they would be if they were safely solid.

That could explain why the seismic waves pass through more slowly than expected.

"If that's the real effect, we would be able to reconcile the mineral physics results with the seismological results," says Vocadlo. "People have not been able to do that yet."

There are plenty of riddles about the earth's core still to solve. But without ever digging to those impossible depths, scientists have figured out a great deal about what is happening thousands of kilometres beneath us.

The magnetic field helps to shield us from harmful solar radiation

Those hidden processes in the depths of the Earth are crucial to our daily lives, in a way many of us don't realise.

Earth has a powerful magnetic field, and that is all thanks to the partially molten core. The constant movement of molten iron creates an electrical current inside the planet, and that in turn generates a magnetic field that reaches far out into space.

The magnetic field helps to shield us from harmful solar radiation. If the core of the Earth wasn't the way it is, there would be no magnetic field, and we would have all sorts of problems to contend with.

None of us will ever set eyes on the core, but it's good to know it's there.

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Humans have been all over the Earth. We've conquered the lands, flown through the air and dived to the deepest trenches in the ocean. We've even been to the Moon. But we've never been to the planet's core. We haven't even come close.

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The links between human activity and the environment are complex and varied, but can be grouped into two main types of activity:

use of natural resources such as land, food, water, soils, minerals, plants and animals

production of wastes and pollutants from a range of activities including agriculture, industry and mining, as well as wastes from our own bodies."

sources: https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=79926&printable=1

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A convergent boundary is formed when two plates move towards or collide into each other. The denser or heavier crust is forced under the less dense or lighter crust, into the mantle. The process is called subduction and the area it takes place known as subduction zone. Since crust is being destroyed, the boundary is called a destructive boundary." The resulting land forms are: fold mountain, trench, undersea volcanoes)

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Read https://www.nationalgeographic.org/media/earths-interior/
For self-study please check: https://www.learner.org/series/interactive-dynamic-earth/ , 11 Feb 2020.
For collection of video watch: https://www.learner.org/series/earth-revealed/ , 5 May 2020

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The structure of the earth is divided into four major components: the crust, the mantle, the outer core, and the inner core. Each layer has a unique chemical composition, physical state, and can impact life on Earth's surface. Movement in the mantle caused by variations in heat from the core, cause the plates to shift, which can cause earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. These natural hazards then change our landscape, and in some cases, threaten lives and property. Learn more about how the earth is constructed with these classroom resources.

Subjects

Earth Science, Geology, Geography, Physical Geography

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The structure of the earth is divided into four major components: the crust, the mantle, the outer core, and the inner core. Each layer has a unique chemical composition, physical state, and can impact life on Earth's surface. Movement in the mantle caused by variations in heat from the core, cause the plates to shift, which can cause earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.

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Rotate Earth by dragging on it. Press to create an earthquake.

Sorry, your browser doesn't support the <canvas> element.

Sorry, your browser doesn't support the <canvas> element.

Sorry, your browser cannot show this page.

Most recent browsers (Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge) work.

Safari users may need to enable WebGL in Preferences/Security.

Go back

Click on an earthquake for info and to load it. Cancel

Seismic
Waves

A visualization of earthquake waves traveling both through Earth's interior and radiating outward on the surface.
What you will see is explained here.

Press the play

button to begin.

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Rotate Earth by dragging on it. Press to create an earthquake. Sorry, your browser doesn't support the element. Sorry, your browser doesn't support the element. Safari users may need to enable WebGL in Preferences/Security. Go back Click on an earthquake for info and to load it.

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Question of the day:Is it possible to dig a hole through the earth? 

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Question of the day:Is it possible to dig a hole through the earth? 

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Explain with your reason in the comment.

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kalimantan timur

gunung lumut:
consist of trees, and moss

danau gua kakaban:
consist of lake and trees, and a cave

How is the interaction between the human and environment in the region/area that you chose.
1. people use gunung lumut as a tourist attraction.
2.people use danau gua kakaban as a tourist attraction.

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Landscape  are a natural view of a terrain with its visible features. Because it includes all the characteristics in a terrain it also includes the human interaction of that environment.

Landforms are a feature or a formation on the surface of a terrain. Can be created by tectonic plates. Ex: mountains, valleys,  and plateaus.

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A transform boundary is formed when two plates slides past each other. This movement results in the formation of transform fault. The San Andreas Fault in California is one of the example. Earthquake are common along such boundaries, but there are few or no volcanoes."

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After Earth had the oceans and could sustain life, the creatures and inhabitants then had to endure all the global coolings, mass extinctions and many more and yet still many creatures survived and adapted

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There was a long period of evolution before life began to slowly emerge, and there were many difficult situations along the way.

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I think it's crazy that the Earth has gone such a long way even before humans existed. To see how far it has come, after tons of disaster like meteors and clash of planets, the Earth managed to survive and is still going strong. The aspect that I was most interested in was the the ocean and how long it took to go from the rate of toxicity it had into a safe place that can be inhabited by living beings

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It is very impressive to know that earth was made from the collision of planetarians that united and knowing that before we are a proto-life that survive the mass extinction, live in a harsh environment and still can grow and mutate into what we are right to know.

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Several phenomena and processes occurred in the early history of the universe and the earliest forms of life. This also refers to the development of the world before it became habitable for humans, creatures, and other living organisms. I believe that learning about the earth's creation and development can enable us to better grasp the changes that are not visible or documented by present humans, though we could examine the relations to modern-day Earth.

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The earth changes throughout the long period of time, the contents inside and outside earth also changes. But, it also experience a lot of tragic events. It makes me think how op our planet is.

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bumi terbuat dari beberapa planet yang bertabrakan dengan satu sama lain. pada akhirnya membuat bumi. bulan terbuat saat bumi dan planet yang kurang lebih sebesar mars bertabrakan dan pada akhirnya terbuat bulan. kehidupan di bumi berawal mula dari air radioaktif yang membuat sel sel kehidupan. lalu mereka berevolusi. menurut aku awal mula kehidupan sangatlah menarik dan mengagumkan karena kehidupan berasal dari tidak ada apa apa menjadi sebanyak sekarang.

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The history of Earth is very interesting and unique, with life still existing with devasastating outer space catastrophes (most notably was the mass extinction that made the Earth a giant snowball from the harmful rays of supernovas as a nearby dwarf Galaxy collided with the Milky Way). With this life also became more complex as it adapts to its new situation and environment. Earth was created 4.5 billion years ago when the sun has stopped it's material circulation (where it recycles rocks into water then back again) with the many planetesimal on the Solar systems orbit, that collided with each other to create planet sized asteroids with constant bombardment (these planetesimal were created by the debris from the formation of the sun) with many billions of years later the transformation of Earth began from its oceans that got from its asteroids that would later form clouds from the vapour, teutonic planets from the 1000km diameter asteroid that created the continental planet and oceanic plate, and its primordial life that would later be the predecessors of bacteria.

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It's intriguing to learn how life on Earth was started. At first, Earth was initially covered in lava and had neither land nor water.  Before life ever started, it had to pass through a number of stages. Like to how the moon was formed from debris of earth's collision with another planet. And then the evolution of the first life forms began.

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about 4 billion years ago, the earth collided with a mars-sized planet and the debris from the collision formed the moon. after that, an asteroid hit the earth and created a big puddle that formed the oceanic plate. It then filled with toxic metallic water from the asteroid. Back then, the water was still too dangerous to support life. The DNA was created from amino acid before the snowball earth mass extinction (?) *poor earth has been through a lot :']

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It is simply a very interesting thing to know on how Earth was formed from scratch until it became the Planet Earth we all know and love today. From the start of it's formation, Earth has experienced tons of changes and phenomenas as well as Mass extinction to the living things back then. I think it is an unimaginable process.

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the earth has gone through alot during billions of years, cant believe it took that long for humans to form, many tragic events that happened through out that time period, there were many life forms before but most of them are probably not alive now

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the vid tells us how the earth formed 4.54 billion years ago. the milky way galaxy collided with some dwarf galaxy. the existence of early earth colliding with a small planet as large as mars several particles combined. and it's complicated.

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since 4.5 billion years ago the earth formed. Back then everything was still inhabitant there was no water and it was all still lava and magma. By then another asteroid hit the earth that created force water that was toxic and metallic. Back then the water was still a puddle. The impact is so big from the asteroid and the water that come with it the magma was forced to go down and go to the core of the earth. That created the magma to go up again and force to make land making the water spread. The first organism of life form was created on earth but a lot of that organisms died because of the metallic water some of them survive because they created protection so the metallic water doesn't hurt them anymore. Then another source of energy was formed because the sun was there and converted light energy into electron energy. Then another source was created turning H20 into oxygen. Then a star explodes making the earth's protection gone. The cloud covers the earth turning into 2 snowball mass extinction making the organism die but some of them survive.

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4.5 billion years ago the milky way collided with andromeda which in turn created our solar system. As the result of the previous collision, a region near the sun with dense mass frequently collided with each other and gradually grows bigger into what we call as planetesimals. A planetesimals with an estimated size of mars strike into the early earth. The excess of the collision got pulled by the force of earth gravitational field which then solidified into our satelite called moon. Another asteroid strikes into earth and created ocean crust, the beginning of the life on earth, under the ocean there exist something called ridge that drive the plate tectonics. The water was still so toxic but however a post-geyser incident cell, amino acid survived and evolved into taking advantadge of the sun by conversing light energy into electron chemical energy.  Then a dwarf galaxy collided with our milky way somehow leading the earth into snowball mass extinction, yet again a little still manage to survive under the ice sheet.

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4.5 billion years ago, the formation of Earth and Moon were collided and bombarded by meteorites.

4 billion years ago, the atmosphere consisted of Carbon Dioxide, Water Vapor, Methane, and etc until it slowly cooled down the Earth.

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History of the world (LIFE will find a way)

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earth timeline - :]

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I think the video is informative enough for its age demographic

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The information was informative enough and explain what each core is made out of.

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the video was informative and interesting. the explanation of the earths structure was very clear and easy to understand

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I like how the video is very informative and dynamic, it's not too hard to understand and doesn't use too many complicated terminologies.

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The Informations about The Earth Structure was surprising

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summary:
the variations of heat causes the crust to move, causing volcanic eruptions and earthquakes. The earth consists of 4 layers, including: crust, mantel, inner core, and outer core.

-> Crust is the surface we live on
-> Mantel is the thickest layer of the earth
-> The outer core consists of molten iron and nickel
-> The inner core is as hot as the surface of the sun! '_'
-> The heat from the earth's core gives the soil nutritions, and as our source of heat & energy.

the video was informative. compact, easy to understand.

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the video tells us about the earth's structure. it's very interesting and very understandable to watch.

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The video is very interesting and easy to understand but also explains a lot of information briefly and detailed about the earth's structure (crust, mantle, outer core, inner core) and a lot of fun facts that I've nevergotten before.

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The video was very informative and easy to understand. It helped me understand the basics of earth's structure.

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I was very intrigued in finding that earth is made up of 4 layers. The inner core, outer core, mantle and crust where we live in. With less than 1% of the Earth and how we are basically floating on hot solid rocks. The inside of Earth also contribute to Earth's dynamic changes with each part contributing in it's development and evolution of Earth.

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The video is really great in explaining the earth's structure, it's very informative and fun to watch. Although it's very short. 9/10

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the video is informative enough and easy to understand.

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The earth structure consist of crust, mantle, inner and outer core. Every layer have different characteristic based of the chemical composition, physical state, and the impact it can possibly affect us. The earth's crust which is the surface of the earth that we basically set foot and live over, is made up approximately less than 1% of the earth, yet 3 times thicker than the crust layer lie under the oceans. The crust is located above the layer mantle of earth, precisely it floats on top of it. Earthquakes and other volcanic eruption is the evidence of how the lower layer can affect the life exist in the surface of earth. Its all due to the mantle convection that is caused by the heat emitted by the core, leading the plates to shift and eventually collided. As said earlier, below the crust there exist mantle, it consist of thick and solid rocky substance. The mantle made out nearly 85% of the total of earth's mass and its 2900 km thick (1802 miles) thick, being 50 miles of it physical state is very hard and rigid rocks. Meanwhile, in the outer core, where the source of heat is located from, its full of liquid molten lava substance that is made of nickel and iron. It is said that the depth of the core is estimated to be 3000 miles beneath earth's surface. Additionally, the inner core extends around 900 miles towards the center of the earth, its no different between the outer core besides it being a solid ball consist of nickel and iron.

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i think the video has a pretty good explanation of the earth and some interesting facts

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The video was simple and easy to understand about the structure of the Earth. It's amazing how earth is built up largely by Rocks and hot lava.

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The video talks about the earth's many layers. the video contain the thickness for each layer and what's the layer made out of. i think the video is very interesting because it explains a lot about the earth's layers.

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what lesson you can learn from tsunami disaster video?

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what lesson you can learn from tsunami disaster video?

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that life, earth, is unpredictable. meaning disasters can happen at any time.

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It's really heartbreaking that natural disasters can come out of nowhere and has an after effect that leads to the death of people and maybe our loved ones. That the components of Earth can create a domino effect and impact land and sea life.

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We need not to prevent natural disasters, but how to prevent large loss of life

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Tsunamis are caused by seafloor displacements, which causes an earthquake near the ocean floor, forcing overlying water to shift. The 2004 Aceh Tsunami is one example of how natural disasters can strike at the most unforeseeable times and have far-reaching consequences for the area affected.

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Disasters are unpredictable, the Earth works in more ways than we can imagine. It's okay to not be ready, but there will always be a way to get through it

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Earthquakes that happen in the ocean can cause earthquakes. The Larger the magnitude of the earthquake, the larger the tsunami will be. Large tsunamis can be very devastating for people living near the ocean.

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From the tsunami disaster video, I can learn that tsunamis impacted a lot on life, we can lose so many things including our families, houses and etc.

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1. bangun pagi biar gak kena tsunami
2. tsunami bisa ngancurin banyak bangunan
3. masjid tidak bisa rubuh dari tsunami

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It is really hearth breaking to see that the tsunami cause so much damage to a town and that many people lost there life.

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disasters are unpredictable and its fascinating how the earth can have that big of an impact on the living beings that live on it

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I learned that despite how much human had evolved, the most we can do is to minimize the damages caused by the nature circulation beneath the earth's composition and mantle convection. We cant predict nor can we prevent it from occurring. The impact are also cannot be understimated, it affects both mental and physical state of the victims, not to mention it can also caused inflation, and economic despair.

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We shouldn't take things that God has given to us for granted such as comfort, foods, and stuffs that we can enjoy in life. This is a truly heartbreaking thing to happen seeing all the dead bodies on the ground, seeing families got separated. Aceh Tsunami 2004 is just simply terrifying.