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- 14-th century english poet
- c. 1340s – 25 October 1400
- also called " the father of english literature"
- also gained fame as a philosopher and astronomer, composing the scientific A Treatise on the Astrolabe for his 10-year-old son Lewis. He maintained a career in the civil service as a bureaucrat, courtier, diplomat, and member of parliament.
- works are The Book of the Duchess, The House of Fame, The Legend of Good Women, and Troilus and Criseyde
- He is seen as crucial in legitimising the literary use of Middle English when the dominant literary languages in England were still Anglo-Norman French and Latin
- In that career he was trusted and aided by three successive kings—Edward III, Richard II, and Henry IV
- characteristics of Chaucer’s works are their variety in subject matter, genre, tone, and style and in the complexities presented concerning the human pursuit of a sensible existence; his writings also consistently reflect an all-pervasive humour combined with serious and tolerant consideration of important philosophical questions

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THEMESThe pervasiveness of courtly love courtly love - a set of ideas about loveit influenced the literature and culture of the Middle Agepoets throughout Europe promoted the notions that true love only exists outside of marriage; that true love may be idealised and spiritual, and may exist without ever being physically consummated; and that a man becomes the servant of the lady he loves.another idea is that love is a torment or a disease and that when a man is in love he cannot sleep or eat, and therefore he undergoes physical changes, sometimes to the point of becoming unrecognizablethis theme was particularly popular in the literature and culture that were part of royal and noble courts.The Importance of Companythe company derives from two Latin words, com, or “with,” and pane, or “bread.” “compaignye,” or companyThe Knight ends with “God save all this faire compaignye”the company had an economic connotation, it was the term designated to connote a group of people engaged in a particular business, as it is used todayThe functioning and well-being of medieval communities depended upon groups of socially bonded workers in towns and guilds, known informally as companies.the company was also imported in way of a union, as a modern union it increases for better working conditions, economic growth and life benefitseating together was a way for guild members to cement friendships, creating a support structure for their working communitythe pilgrims create an informal company, united by their jobs as storytellers, and by the food and drink the host providesThe Corruption of the Churchthe Catholic Church, which governed England, Ireland, and the entire continent of Europe, had become extremely wealthy.In a century of disease, plague, famine, and scarce labour, the sight of a church ornamented with unused gold seemed unfair to some people, and the Church’s preaching against greed suddenly seemed hypocritical, considering its great displays of material wealthDistaste for the excesses of the Church triggered stories and anecdotes about greedy, irreligious churchmen who accepted bribes, bribed others, and indulged themselves sensually and gastronomically while ignoring the poor famished peasants begging at their doors.the characters are not simply satirical versions of their roles; they are individuals and cannot simply be taken as typical of their professionsDeceitChaucer uses deceit and lies throughout The Canterbury Tales to reveal the true natures of his characters

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THEMESThe pervasiveness of courtly love courtly love - a set of ideas about loveit influenced the literature and culture of the Middle Agepoets throughout Europe promoted the notions that true love only exists outside of marriage; that true love may be idealised and spiritual, and may exist without ever being physically consummated; and that a man becomes the servant of the lady he loves.another idea is that love is a torment or a disease and that when a man is in love he cannot sleep or eat, and therefore he undergoes physical changes, sometimes to the point of becoming unrecognizablethis theme was particularly popular in the literature and culture that were part of royal and noble courts.The Importance of Companythe company derives from two Latin words, com, or “with,” and pane, or “bread.” “compaignye,” or companyThe Knight ends with “God save all this faire compaignye”the company had an economic connotation, it was the term designated to connote a group of people engaged in a particular business, as it is used todayThe functioning and well-being of medieval communities depended upon groups of socially bonded workers in towns and guilds, known informally as companies.the company was also imported in way of a union, as a modern union it increases for better working conditions, economic growth and life benefitseating together was a way for guild members to cement friendships, creating a support structure for their working communitythe pilgrims create an informal company, united by their jobs as storytellers, and by the food and drink the host providesThe Corruption of the Churchthe Catholic Church, which governed England, Ireland, and the entire continent of Europe, had become extremely wealthy.In a century of disease, plague, famine, and scarce labour, the sight of a church ornamented with unused gold seemed unfair to some people, and the Church’s preaching against greed suddenly seemed hypocritical, considering its great displays of material wealthDistaste for the excesses of the Church triggered stories and anecdotes about greedy, irreligious churchmen who accepted bribes, bribed others, and indulged themselves sensually and gastronomically while ignoring the poor famished peasants begging at their doors.the characters are not simply satirical versions of their roles; they are individuals and cannot simply be taken as typical of their professionsDeceitChaucer uses deceit and lies throughout The Canterbury Tales to reveal the true natures of his characters

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Springtime
The Catenbury Tales opens in April, springtime symbolize rebirth and fresh beginnings, people long to go on pilgrimages during this time, spring also evokes erotic love ( when Palamon sees Emelye gathering fresh flowers) or freshnes of the May is compared to the Squire’s devotion to courtly love

In the General Prologue, the description of garments, helps to define each character. The clothes symbolize each personality. For examble Chauser symblize Physician´s love to wealth on wearing rich silk and fur. On the contary, Squire is wearing excessive floral brocade to show his youthful vanity. Last but not least, Merchant´s twiced beard might symbolize his duplicity.

Physiognomy was a science that judged a person’s temperament and character based on his or her anatomy and it plays a significant role in Chaucer’s descriptions of the pilgrims. The Miller represents the stereotypical peasant physiognomy most clearly: round and ruddy, with a wart on his nose, the Miller appears rough and therefore suited to rough. The Pardoner’s glaring eyes and limp hair illustrate his fraudulence.

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This story is happening during the reign of King Arthur. In this period of the king are women who are being raped (by fraises). They were dishonored.
In the very beginnin  we are introduced with a knight who saw a beautiful young woman who couldn't overcome his lust and used his position in the most unmoral way and ended up raping her.
Court wanted to kill him for his sin but the Queen gave him a choice to save his life. She said 'find what women want the most in their world'.
He went on a journey searching for the right answer to queen's wanted question. All women answered differently.
When he was feeling desperate at the last day of his judgement he met an ugly old woman (a fairy). He promised her a reward if she can help him. She said yes and they went to court together. She answered 'what women want the most in the world is to be in charge of their husbands and lovers'.
Queen agreed and spared his life.
Then the ugly woman forced him into a marriage with her.
The knight at first complained of the way she looks so the ugly woman gave him a choice 'either he can have her be ugly but loyal and good, or he can have her young and fair but also coquettish and unfaithful. The knight said that he trusted her and she should choose what she things is the best. In the end she becomes both beautiful and good and they live a happy life. The end.

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Characters:
Nicholas - a young student of astrology and who was well acquainted with the art of love
John - an old, jealous and ignorant carpenter
Alisoun - John's 18 year old beautiful wife who falls in love with Nicholas
Absolon - A merry, vain parish clerk who fancied Alisoun

The story: Nicholas falls in love with Alisoun and they make up a plan to get rid of John for a moment so they can have some alone time together. Nicholas convinces John that the end of the world is coming and fools which causes him to brake his arm when he fell from a tub.

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The Narrator
His words and opinions should be accepted as Chaucer’s. He presents himself as gregarious and naive. Later he is being accused of being silent and sullen. He presents his own opinion about pilgrims, not their objective characteristics.
The Knight
Represents the ideal of a medicinal Christian man-at-arms. Brave, experienced, prudent.
The Pardoner
They granted papal indulgences. Many collected profits for themselves. This one has long greasy yellow hair, beardless.
The Prioress
Described as modest and quiet, a nun who is head of her convent. She knows French, well-dressed, charitable, compassionate.
The Host
Leader of the group. Large, loud, merry, quick temper. He mediates among the pilgrims and facilitates the flow of the tales.

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The journey starts in South London and aims for Cantenbury Cathedral. The story takes place in 14th century in which themes like criticism of church, decline of chivalry or emergence of middle class are at the center of attention. Chaucer also identifies the results of this social upheavel in his day and age and reflects this to the story, giving the pilgrims different social background (social classes).