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In the 1920s U.S presidential election, Republican Senator Warren G. Harding of Ohio decisively defeated Democratic Governor James M. Cox, also from Ohio. Harding's campaign capitalized on the public desire for a ¨return to normalcy¨ following WWI and domestic unrest, advocating for isolationist polices and opposing U.S involvement in the League of Nations. this election was notably the first in which women could vote nationwide, following the ratification of the 19th Amendment. Harding secured 404 electoral votes to Cox's 127 and garnered over 60% of the popular vote, marking one of the largest margins of victory in U.S presidential election history.

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In 1921, Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti, two Italian immigrants and anarchists, were convicted of murder in Massachusetts for the 1920 robbery and killing of a factory paymaster and a guard. Their trial quickly became controversial, with many believing the conviction was based more on their political beliefs and immigrants status than on solid advice. The case drew international attention and sparked widespread protests, as critics argued that the trial was unfair and fueled by anti-immigrant and anti-anarchist sentiment. Despite appeals and growing public support for their innocence, Sacco and Vanzetti were executed in 1927, and their case remains a powerful symbol of injustice in American legal history.

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1921 Chinese Communist Party founded on Shanghai

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1921 Chinese Communist Party founded on Shanghai

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In 1921, the Chinese Communist Party was founded in Shanghai by a small group of revolutionaries inspired by Marxist ideas and the success of the Russian Revolution. The founding meeting, held in secret due to political repression, included just a few delegates, including future leader Mao Zedong. The party aimed to promote socialism, end imperialist influences in China, and improve the lives of workers and peasants. Though small and relatively unknown at the time, the CCP would grow over the following decades to become a major political force, eventually leading the Chinese Revolution and founding the People's Republic of China in 1949.

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1922 Louis Armstrong plays for King Oliver's Creole Jazz Band in Chicago

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1922 Louis Armstrong plays for King Oliver's Creole Jazz Band in Chicago

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In 1922, Louis Armstrong moved from New Orleans to Chicago to join King Oliver's Creole Jazz Band, one of the most respected and popular jazz groups of the time. Invited by his mentor Joe ¨King¨ Oliver, Armstrong played second cornet and quickly gained attention for his exceptional talent, improvisation, and powerful musical presence. His time with the band marked his first major exposure outside of New Orleans and introduced him to the growing jazz scene in the North. The experience not only helped refine his style but also launched his career on a national scale, setting the stage for him to become one of the most influential figures in the history of jazz.

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1922 Benito Mussolini is appointed prime minister of Italy

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1922 Benito Mussolini is appointed prime minister of Italy

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In 1922, Benito Mussolini was appointed Prime Minister of Italy after leading the March on Rome, a mass demonstration by his Fascist supporters demanding political change. Amid growing unrest, economic instability, and fear of a communist uprising, King Victor Emmanuel III chose to appoint MUssolini rather than use force to stop the Fascist. At just 39 years old, Mussolini became the youngest prime minister in Italian history. His rise marked the beginning of a Fascist dictatorship,, as he gradually had centralized power. Mussolini's appointment signed a moor political shirt in Italy and would influence the rise of other authoritarian regimes in Europe.

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1922 King Tut's tomb is discovered in Egypt

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1922 King Tut's tomb is discovered in Egypt

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In 1922, British archaeologist Howard Carter discovered the nearly intact tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun in the Valley of the Kings, Egypt. The tomb, hidden for over 2,00 years was filled with thousands of priceless artifacts, including a sold gold coffin, chariots, jewelry, and the famous golden funerary mask. This was one of the most significant archaeological finds in history, providing an unprecedented glimpse into ancient Egyptian life burial practices, and artistry. the discovery sparked worldwide fascination, a wafe of ¨ Tutmania ¨, and renewed interest in Egyptology. It also greatly debated over the ownership and ethics of archaeological discoveries in colonial-era Egypt.

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In 1923, Time Magazine published its first issue, becoming the first weekly news magazine in the United States. Founded by Henry Luce and Briton Hadden, TIME aimed to deliver news in a concise, organized format that busy readers could quickly digest. The magazine introduced a new style of journalism that combined factual reporting with engaging commentary, often highlighting key figures by naming ¨A Person of the Year¨. TIME quickly grew in influence and became a major force in shaping public opinion and political discourse in America. Its launched marked a turning point in modern media and the rise of mass-market journalism.

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1923 Mustafa Kemal becomes first president of the new Republic of Turkey

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1923 Mustafa Kemal becomes first president of the new Republic of Turkey

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In 1923, following the victory in the Turkish War of Independence, Mustafa Kemal played a key role in the establishment of the Republic of Turkey, officially proclaimed on October 29. The Ottoman Sultanate was abolished, and a new, secular and the nationalist government was formed. Mustafa Kemal was elected the first president by the Grand National Assembly, marking the beginning of a new era for the country. As president, he initiated sweeping reforms to modernize Turkey, including changes in education, law, and governance, laying the foundation for a secular and progressive nation.

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1924 Calvin Coolidge is elected president

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1924 Calvin Coolidge is elected president

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In 1924 U.S presidnetial election, incumbent Republican Calvin Coolidge secured a full term in office with a decisive victory. Having assumed the presidency in 1923 after Warren G. Harding's death, Coolidge was credited for a booming economy and a stable international scene which bolstered his popularity. He faced Democratic nominee John W Davis, a compromise candidate chosen after a protracted 103-ballot convention, and Pogressive Party candidate Robert M. La Follette, who attracted liberal voters dissatisfied with both major parties. Coolidge won 54% of the popular vote and 382 electoral votes, carrying 35 states. Davis garnered 28.8% of the vote and 136 electoral votes, while La Follette captured 16.6% of the popular vote and won his home state of Wisconsin with 13 electoral votes. This election marked a high point for American conservatism and was notable for La Follette's strong third-party performance, which influenced the distribution of votes nationwide.

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1924 Vladimir Ilich Lenin, founder of the Soviet Union dies

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1924 Vladimir Ilich Lenin, founder of the Soviet Union dies

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In 1924, Vladimir Illich Lenin, the founder of the Soviet Union and leader of the Bolshevik Revolution, died on January 21 after suffering a series of strokes. His death marked the end of a revolutionary era in Russia, as he had played a central role in overthrowing the Provisional Government during the 1917 October Revolution and establishing the world's first communist state. Lenin's passing created a power vacuum that led to a struggle among Soviet leaders, most notably between Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky. Ultimately, setting the stage for a new and more authoritarian phase in Soviet history.

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1925 Philip Randolph organized the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters

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1925 Philip Randolph organized the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters

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In 1925, African American labor leader A. Philip Randolph organized the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, the first predominantly Black labor union to be recognized by a major American corporation. The union was formed to represent the interests of African American porters who worked for the Pullman Company under difficult conditions, including low wages, long hours, and lack of job security. Randolph's leadership and advocacy for fair labor practices marked a significant step forward in the fight for racial and economic justice. The union's formation laid the groundwork for future civil rights activism and helped pave the way for greater labor rights for Black workers in the United States.

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1925 The Scopes trial takes place in Tennessee

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1925 The Scopes trial takes place in Tennessee

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In 1925, the Scopes Trial, also known as the ¨Scopes Monkey Trial¨, took place in Dayton, Tennessee. The case centered around John T. Scopes, a high school teacher accused of violating a state law that prohibited the teaching of evolution in public schools. The trial became a national spectacle, symbolizing the clash between modern science and traditional religious values. Renowned lawyers Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan faced off in court, with Darrows defending Scopes and Bryan representing the prosecution. Though Scopes was found guilty and fined, the trial sparked a nationwide debate about science, religions, and education that continues to resonate today.

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1926 British laborers declare a general strike

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1926 British laborers declare a general strike

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In 1925, British laborers, particularly coal miners, faced wage cuts and worsening working conditions due to economic struggles in the coal industry. In response, trade unions began organizing and pressuring the government for support. The situation escalated when the government temporarily provided a subsidy to maintain wages and avoid immediate conflict, an event known as ¨Red Friday¨. Although a full general strike was not declared until 1926, the events of 1925 marked the beginning of a major labor movement, with unions uniting in preparation for widespread industrial action. This period highlighted growing tensions between workers, employers, and the government in post WW1 Britain.

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In 1926, hirohito became Emperor of Japan following the death of his father, Emperor Taisho. his ascension marked the beginning of the Showa era, which would become one of the longest reign in Japanese history. As emperor, Hirohito initially held a largely ceremonial, but his reign would soon coincide with Japan's increasing militarism, expansion in Asia, and involvement in WWII. Although his exact role during the war remains debated, Hirohito remained on the throne after the country into a peaceful, democratic nation during the postwar period.

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1927 Charles Lindbergh makes the first nonstop solo transatlantic flight

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1927 Charles Lindbergh makes the first nonstop solo transatlantic flight

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In 1927, Charles Lindbergh made history by completing the first non-stop solo transatlantic flight. Piloting his custom-built aircraft, the Spirit of St. Louis, Lindbergh flew from New York to Paris, covering over 3,600 miles in just over 33 hours. The flight captured the world's imagination and marked a major milestone in aviation history, proving that long-distance air travel was possible. Lindbergh became an international hero overnight, symbolizing courage, innovation, and the possibilities of modern technology during the Roaring Twenties.

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1928 Herbert Hoover is elected president

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1928 Herbert Hoover is elected president

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In the 1928 U.S presidential election, Republican Herbert Hoover, then Secretary of Commerce, won a decisive victory over Democratic nominee Al Smith, the governor of New York. Hoover's campaign capitalized on the prosperity of the 1920s and his reputation as a successful engineer and humanitarian. Smith faced challenges due to his Catholic faith and opposition to Prohibition, which alienated some voters. Hoover secured 58% of the popular vote and 444 electoral votes, carrying 40 states, including several in the traditionally Democratic South. His election marked the first time a president was born west of the Mississippi River.

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1928 President Alvaro Obregon of Mexico is assassinated 

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1928 President Alvaro Obregon of Mexico is assassinated 

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In 1928, Mexican President Alvaro Obregón was assassinated shortly after winning re-election. Obregón had previously served as president from 1920 to 1925 and was a key figure in the Mexican Revolution. Although the Mexican Constitution prohibited re-election, a constitution prohibited re-election, a constitutional amendment allowed him to run again. His victory sparked controversy and unrest. On July 17, 1928 while attending a banquet in Mexico City, Obregón was shot and killed by José de León Toral, a Catholic extremist opposed to the government's anti-clerical polices. his assassination plunged the country into political uncertainty and deepened tensions between the state and the Catholic Church.

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1928 Joseph Stalin launches the first of his Five-Year Plans in the USSR

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1928 Joseph Stalin launches the first of his Five-Year Plans in the USSR

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In 1928, Joseph Stalin launched the first of his Five-Year Plans in the Soviet Union, aiming to rapidly industrialize the country and transform it into a major global power. the plan focused on heavy industry, such as steel, coal, and machinery, while also enforcing the collectivization of agriculture. Private farms were combined into large, state-run collectives, leading to widespread resistance from peasants and resulting in famine and millions of deaths. Though the plan led to significant industrial growth, it came at a devastating human cost and marked the beginning of Stalin's authoritarian economic policies and tight control over Soviet life.