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1. With the ratification of the Constitution, two main political factions were involved. The Federalists advocated for a stronger central government, and thus supported the ratification of the Constitution. Meanwhile, the Anti-Federalists advocated for a weaker central government and opposed the Constitution, at least until a Bill of Rights offering protections was added.

2. The 14th and 15th Amendments (1868 & 1870) to the Constitution were similar to the 1965 Voting Rights Act in that both aimed to expand the political power of African Americans. Despite being almost a century apart, both the amendments and the Voting Rights Act laid the groundwork for expanding citizenship and voting rights.

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After Selma March

Aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote as guaranteed under the 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution

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1. Political power has greatly expanded over time specifically through the court case Marbury v. Madison . In Marbury v. Madison, it established the concept of judicial review where the Court can review acts from Congress or the President. The change in power created a more balanced government for the US.

2. Andrew Jackson's presidency expanded the political power of the executive branch. Through his establishment of the spoil's system he was able to give jobs to his supporters rather than those with experience. This led to people being more loyal to parties because previously people didn't bind themselves to a specific political party and simply focused on their interests.

3. The Compromise of 1877 led to the Southern Democrats regaining power after federal troops were removed from the South. Now African Americans were no longer protected and sharecropping and black codes were established which was very similar to slavery. The change in power reestablished a form a slavery in the south and ended Reconstruction completely.

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Congress passed unprecedented number of laws

Democratic President FDR implemented various progressive ideas

The New Deal was made and aimed at reform, recovery, and relief

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The 14th Amendment grants citizenship to everyone born in the US, including slaves.

The 15th amendment granted African American men the right to vote and prevented them from being denied the right based on race.

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After the Battle of Antietam, Lincoln declared that every slave in the Confederate states is now free.

This document changed the purpose of the war because the war originally began to unite the United States, however it ended up freeing slaves in the process.

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The Republican party splits between Taft and Teddy Roosevelt

Teddy Roosevelt forms his own party: Bull Moose, which advocates for "New Nationalism"

Trade unionist Eugene Debs leads the Socialist Party, amassing over 900,000 popular votes

Democratic candidate Wilson advocates for "New Freedom" and wins the election, partly due to the Republican Party division

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There was no official winner of the Election of 1824, and the House elected John Quincy Adams as the President.

Adams later appointed Henry Clay as the Secretary of State, leading to Andrew Jackson's supporters calling it a "corrupt bargain."

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The compromise was made by Henry Clay as a temporary solution to the sectional dispute between the North and the South.

It allowed Missouri to enter the US as a slave state while Maine entered as a free state.

It also established the 36'30 line and it calmed the tension between the North and South.

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1. The 1765 Stamp Act required colonists to purchase special stamped paper for legal documents. This angered colonists as they were being taxed without their consent and eventually led to the writing of the Declaration of Independence and a desire for change in political power.

2. A fear of centralized government due to years of British tyranny caused the creation of the Articles of Confederation, which promoted a weak centralized government.

3. However, Shay's Rebellion showcased its weaknesses and eventually led to two factions being created. The federalists supported the nullification of the Articles of Confederation and the creation of the Constitution, while the Anti-federalists, in fear of a very strong central government, wanted a Bill of Rights to be passed for the Constitution to be ratified. The two factions eventually reached a compromise in which the Constitution was ratified with the Bill of Rights.

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The election ended with a tie between the two candidates Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr, the tie was broken by the House of Representatives.

It was seen as a revolution because the power was transferred from the Federalist Party to the Democratic-Republican Party.

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Created a weak central government to avoid tyranny.

No power to tax, no executive, and laws required 9 states to pass.

Reflected fear of strong federal power and gave most authority to states.

Shows early efforts to define and limit political power.

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Formed by members of the Farmer's Alliance

Wanted to weaken monopolies and improve conditions for farmers and agrarian workers

Merged into the Democratic Party in 1896

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This document justified separation from monarchy, based on Enlightenment ideas of natural rights and consent of the governed.

Colonists asserted political sovereignty over British imperial rule.

This document marked a major ideological shift toward democratic self-rule of the colonies.

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National American Woman Suffrage Association (1890)

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National American Woman Suffrage Association (1890)

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Fought for women's suffrage

Used strategies such as lobbying Congress, organizing rallies and marches, and publishing newspapers and pamphlets

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This proposed a unified government for defense during the French and Indian War

This was rejected by the colonies and Britain and colonial governments feared losing their local power.

This was an early effort to centralize political power for collective security.

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This was the first representative assembly in British America which allowed elite landowners political power but excluded women, the poor, and enslaved people.

This was an early step towards a form of self government and legislative institutions in the early colonies.

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The Spanish Crown granted the settlers control over Native American labor in exchange for their conversion to Christianity.

This created a colonial power structure that favored Spanish elites

This caused Natives to lose their autonomy, through which the Spanish gained legal authority and wealth.

The Encomienda System shows how imperial systems used laws in order to legalize domination over Native Americans.