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CURRICULAR APPROACHES

NRC 20872

PEDAGOGICAL

MODELS DIDACTICS

PROFESSOR:

ALEXANDRA VICTORIA GOMEZ MARTINEZ

GROUP MEMBERS :

CRIBAN SUAREZ LEYDI OMAYRA

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WHAT IS AN APPROACH?

It is a conceptual and methodological framework that explains, guides, and predicts educational processes and outcomes.

It is understood as the theoretical emphasis adopted in a given educational system to characterize and organize the elements that constitute the curriculum.

There are various approaches to the educational process, and its importance lies in the fact that it gives rise to teaching methods, activities, and techniques that contribute to the comprehensive development of the educational process.

Curricular Approaches

These are fundamental principles that guide curriculum development and design. They define perspectives on curriculum planning, the roles of teachers and students, and establish the goals and objectives of the educational system.

For curriculum structure and evaluation, faculty specialized in planning and development implement various approaches.

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Constructivist Approach

• Promotes understanding of reality and analysis of community problems.

• Develops the active participation of teachers, students, and community members.

• Prioritizes the learning of skills and abilities that ensure students' comprehensive development.

• Establishes processes for socialization, group work, problem analysis, and research.

• Generates a continuous and participatory process that promotes self, peer, formative, and summative assessment.

• Evaluates both the process and the product to measure the content, skills, and abilities acquired.

Psychological Approach

• Centers on the individual.

• Objectives stimulate the development of skills, abilities, and attitudes in students.

• Content is a means for student development, centered on values, attitudes, and skills.

• Respects the learning pace and the characteristics and interests of students.

• Emphasizes formative assessment.

• Priority is given to the assessment of skills and abilities that ensure the comprehensive development of students.

• Both the process and the product are assessed.

Dialectical Approach

• Objectives seek the development of critical thinking.

• Reflection-action is integrated into the process of social transformation.

• Objectives are established by students, under the guidance of teachers, and are not predetermined, but rather emerge during the process.

• Assessment is an ongoing and participatory process.

Technological Approach

• Content uses technological media and resources.

• Objectives are formulated based on observable behaviors that include skills, abilities, and knowledge that students are expected to acquire.

• Assessment is summative and focuses on measuring the content, skills, and abilities acquired.

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Ralph Tyler

• Born in Chicago, Illinois, in April 1902.

Proposes a rational curriculum model based on disciplines such as psychology, philosophy, sociology, economics, and organization.

The model is linear and consists of four components: objectives, activities, organization of activities, and assessment.

It seeks to answer the questions:

· What learning do we want students to achieve? (Objectives).

· Through what learning situations can we affirm that learning is achieved? (Activities).

· What resources will be used to achieve this? (Teaching resources).

How will I assess whether students have achieved these objectives? (Assessment).

Elements it identifies: goals, content, learning, experience, and assessment.

Curriculum designers must consider three sources:

• Students

• Society

• Content requirements (subjects)

John Dewey

• Prominent philosopher who developed educational theories.

• Famous for his grand ideas and unique educational perspectives.

• Born on October 20, 1859, in Burlington, USA, and died in 1952.

People learn and develop through experiences and interactions in the world in which they live.

His purpose was to present a new educational approach that goes beyond traditional education in fundamentals and practices.

The curriculum is interdisciplinary and connects different areas relevant to the student's life.

This refers to holistic learning, a continuous process where knowledge is combined with practical experience to develop a comprehensive education capable of developing critical thinking and applying practical skills.

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A model can be defined as the representation of an objective.

Scientific model

It seeks to convey information by optimizing the teaching-learning process through effective technological means.

The referents represented by models can be various entities, such as objects, phenomena, processes, ideas, or systems.

Why is the scientific method important in education?

Because it encourages students' observation and hypothesis formulation, as well as their capacity for expression.

Students must develop knowledge, skills, and attitudes that facilitate problem-solving.

The experiences, content, and objectives specified in the curriculum must be systematized according to the type of society in which they operate, and the resources available to the institution must be evaluated.

Three types of models are considered: visual, mathematical, and computer.

All three types of models can be used in all branches of science.

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REFERENCE

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The Audiopedia. (2017, noviembre 15). John Dewey's theories on education and learning: His life and work [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SGjSMqwlP3E.                           Sprouts. (2019, septiembre 23). John Dewey’s 4 principles of education [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y3fm6wNzK70.                             Pedagogy Explained. (2021, agosto 18). Ralph Tyler curriculum model [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zenN0RZvLBk   