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Etorkizun hobe baterako itxaropena urria da,

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Etorkizun hobe baterako itxaropena urria da,

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izan ere, prezioen gerrak jarraitzen duten bitartean, eta ananaren prezioa baxu mantzen den bitartean, "Comercio Justo"-ko eta anana ekologikoek ez dute asko egiterik (ezin dituzte prezioak hainbeste merkatu). Beraz, etorkizuna faktore askoren menpe dago, baina kontsumitzaileen erabakiak oso garrantsitzuak dira egoera aldatzeko lehenengo pausoa emateko

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hala nola "Comercio Justoko" (garapen bidean dauden herriek merkataritza egitura nagusian pairatzen dituzte esplotazio egoerei aurre egiten saiatzen den gizarte mugimendu eta ekimen ekonomikoa) ananak erosi, edota anana ekologikoak, pestizidak eta abar erabiltzen ez dituztelako… Hau da, gure eguneroko bizitzan dugun ohitura (supermerkatura joan eta edozein fruta erosi bere jatorria jakin gabe) aldatzea.

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da baldintzarik txarrenak pairatzen dituena:

gizonezkoek baino gutxiago kobratzen dute

eta haien osasuna oso kezkagarria da; izan ere,

ez dute mediku arretarik izaten. Haurdun geratzen

direnean lanetik kanporatzen dituzte

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Probablemente gane si apuesto con usted que soy capaz de adivinar de dónde procede la piña que toma como postre o desayuno: Costa Rica. No es difícil acertar si se tiene en cuenta que tres de cada cuatro de las que se consumen en Europa se han cultivado en el país centroamericano. Hubo un tiempo, hace alrededor de diez años, en que Costa de Marfil participaba activamente del negocio. Poco a poco, sin embargo, la situación de inestabilidad política del país y la preferencia de los consumidores por el sabor más intenso de la variedad "extra sweet" americana decantaron la balanza.

Hace unos meses tuve la suerte de visitar Costa Rica. Me enteré allí de la guerra que cada día libran sindicalistas, ecologistas y agricultores contra el cultivo de una fruta que ha pasado en pocos años a liderar las exportaciones nacionales agrícolas (superando incluso al banano gracias a un crecimiento de casi un 5% en el primer cuatrimestre de este año). En una tierra tan rica que es capaz de producir, gracias también a la diversidad de climas que posee, una gama de 120 cultivos diferentes, la piña ha ido lentamente convirtiéndose en la opción más rentable y la mayoritaria. Es difícil encontrar a un "tico" (así se llama también a los costarricenses) que no tenga entre su familia, amigos y conocidos una persona directamente afectada por las consecuencias económicas, laborales o medioambientales del cultivo de esta fruta tropical. Empecemos a desgajarla.

"Nos hacían trabajar por la noche a pesar de que hay serpientes peligrosas y sin tener la luz suficiente para detectarlas. Teníamos que hacer turnos de catorce horas y ni siquiera nos daban los medios para protegernos de los productos químicos que utilizan como fertilizantes", explica un trabajador de Del Monte, una de las grandes productoras junto con el Grupo Acon. Estas son algunas de las duras condiciones que soportan trabajadores que tienen un turno laboral de seis días por semana y no cobran más de nueve euros diarios. En total, reciben al mes alrededor de 250 euros, según datos aceptados y publicados por la propia Cámara Nacional de Productores y Exportadores de Piña de Costa Rica. "Nos resulta muy difícil asociarnos porque las multinacionales que se han implantado son especialistas en desbaratar las organizaciones sindicales. Los empleados que formaban parte de ellas han ido poco a poco siendo apartados de las listas de trabajadores", relata el mismo empleado de Del Monte, una productora y distribuidora estadounidense de alimentos con base en San Francisco y que opera en Centroamérica y Sudamérica desde finales del siglo XIX.

Buceando un poco en las características de la piña, descubrimos que se trata de un cultivo muy intensivo y exigente. Aparte de la aplicación inicial de fertilizantes (que incluyen substancias como el fósforo), su crecimiento exige una nueva dosis de los mismos cada quince días, lo que nos da unas 16 fertilizaciones aproximadamente en el tiempo que tarda en madurar. El resultado es que, como crítica la campaña de Consumers International y una larga lista de organizaciones ecologistas y civiles costarricenses, la contaminación de las reservas acuíferas y del suelo es más que preocupante. Algunas comunidades tienen que usar agua potable distribuida por camiones cisterna porque su fuente local está muy contaminada. He podido comprobar con mis propios ojos que residentes de estas zonas atribuyen a la toxicidad del agua que utilizan para el aseo molestias en su piel y en aparato respiratorio, unas acusaciones imposibles de contrastar porque no existen investigaciones concluyentes sobre el asunto.

Por si no fueran suficientes motivos de preocupación, este año se ha añadido otro más: la posible introducción de la piña transgénica en el país. La empresa LM Veintiuno S.A. solicitó a finales de 2010 a la Comisión Nacional de Bioseguridad la autorización para su siembra en septiembre de 2011. Desde entonces, organizaciones ecologistas y campesinas, y diputados de partidos políticos se han unido para exigir que se frene un cultivo que consideran irresponsable por falta de estudios que lo avalen. Fabián Pacheco, portavoz de la Federación Ecologista, denuncia que no está probado que la introducción de la piña transgénica sea inocua y que sería imposible controlar su proliferación fuera de las zonas acotadas.

Mientras estas guerras se libran a miles de kilómetros de distancia del plato de los consumidores, las principales superficies comerciales centran sus preocupaciones en lograr el mejor precio posible, según denuncia la campaña de Consumers Internacional. Desde el agricultor al sindicalista costarricense, todos coinciden en que sus luchas por mejorar las condiciones de los trabajadores y la responsabilidad ambiental serán inútiles mientras los consumidores europeos y norteamericanos no estén informados sobre el precio real de los productos que adquieren. Una investigación realizada por Consumers International revela que sólo cinco de dieciséis superficies comerciales analizadas cumplen el compromiso de contribuir a un salario digno para los trabajadores de base. Un escaso cumplimiento que no les pasa demasiada factura si tenemos en cuenta que son muy pocos los consumidores que están realmente informados sobre las consecuencias éticas de comprar, por ejemplo, una piña costarricense a un precio demasiado bajo.

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Probablemente gane si apuesto con usted que soy capaz de adivinar de dónde procede la piña que toma como postre o desayuno: Costa Rica. No es difícil acertar si se tiene en cuenta que tres de cada cuatro de las que se consumen en Europa se han cultivado en el país centroamericano.

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hau da: 41 zentimo minoristeentzako; 38 zentimo multinazionalentzako; 17 zentimo lurren jabearentzako eta 1 zentimo langileriarentzako

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Late morning, and the suffocating heat of Costa Rica's rainy season has turned the air over the plantation leaden. On the horizon, where the spikes of thousands of pineapple plants merge into a grey-green fog, sits a spraying machine. Settled and silent for now, like a giant stinging insect that has briefly come to land, its long stick arms are folded back above its head while the belly of the tank on the trailer behind it, marked with a skull and crossbones warning, is being refilled with its next toxic load. Then the whine starts up again, the arms unfold, the spray nozzles open and it sets off towards us.

Alongside me, Fernando Ramirez, leading agronomist at the National University's toxic substances institute, is explaining the agrochemical cycle required to produce perfect luxury fruit from a tropical monoculture. "Pineapples need very large amounts of pesticides, about 20kg of active ingredient per hectare per cycle. The soil is sterilised; biodiversity is eliminated. Fourteen to 16 different types of treatment are typically needed, and many have to be applied several times. They use chemicals that are dangerous for the environment and human health." The chemicals involved are legal in Costa Rica but include some of the most controversial in the world.

This intensive agriculture has delivered cheap pineapples and created a new market. Global production has risen by nearly 50% since 1998. Two US-based multinationals, Del Monte and Dole, dominate the trade, and three-quarters of the pineapples on European shop shelves now come from Costa Rica. Two years ago, the fruit became even cheaper, when it became the focus of a price war. Go into any supermarket today and you can see "half price" and "two for the price of one" offers on boxes of pineapples.

But this is an industry built on environmental degradation and poverty wages. Moreover, price cuts appear to have led to an immediate, sometimes brutal deterioration in conditions that were already poor. On a visit to Costa Rica in June to make a documentary with funding from Consumers International, I heard repeated allegations of chemical contamination, wage cuts, union-breaking involving mass sackings and accidental poisonings.

Like many other local experts, Ramirez, who is the country's coordinator for the Pesticide Action Network, fears that the pineapple boom has outpaced the government's ability to regulate it. "The fight now is against pineapples because there's been an explosion in production, but it's difficult because the owners of the plantations have very big political and economic influence."

By now, the sprayer was bearing down on us and we reached for our masks. Then, out of nowhere, an armed guard rode up on his motorbike to inspect us. Costa Rica, with a population of just over 4m, has only 12,000 or so policemen and no army, but an estimated 17,000 gun-carrying security guards employed by private companies. We were standing resolutely on one of the many roads that are public rights of way but run right through the plantations. Across the road, a gang of a dozen or so workers who had been slumped, sweat-drenched, by a bank, snatching their day's half-hour break, pulled themselves up, slung machetes over their shoulders and clambered on to the back of another trailer heading off to a picking area. The 12-hour piece-rate harvesting shift still had a long time to go. The guard talked urgently down his walkie-talkie to base, glared at us, then rode off in a cloud of red dust.

Ramirez continued describing his concerns. "Some of the plantations have used paraquat, for example, to clear the soil at very, very high doses, 10 to 15 times the normal dose on other crops; it's banned in Europe. They use lots of herbicides because the EU will not allow even one weed in a container of imports. This is absolute monoculture, and that and the climate provide the perfect conditions for pests and diseases. They use organophosphates, organochlorines, hormone disruptors, chemicals that are known to cause cancer, chemicals that are reproductive toxins [cause birth defects]... Many are highly toxic, some are persistent pollutants."

In its most recent tests on pineapples imported from Costa Rica, the UK government's pesticide residues committee found 94% of samples contained residues of the fungicide triadimefon, a reproductive toxin and suspected hormone disruptor. None was above the legal limits, however, and the committee concluded they would not be expected to have an effect on consumer health. Other experts take the view that we should reduce our exposure to residues of this sort as much as possible, especially among vulnerable groups such as pregnant women and children.

The main burden of this constant agrochemical assault falls not on affluent western consumers, however, but on Costa Ricans - 90 complaints about public water relating to 19 pineapple companies are currently before the country's environmental court, including some against the biggest producers. One involves the community of El Cairo, which sits below two vast plantations in Costa Rica's Atlantic region, Hacienda Ojo de Agua and Finca Babilonia. The former is contracted to supply pineapples to Del Monte; the latter has been directly owned by Del Monte since 2008.

For more than three years, the residents here and in neighbouring villages - around 6,000 people in total - have had to collect their drinking water from a tanker because the ground water has been declared unsafe. Tests showed it was contaminated with agrochemicals used in pineapple production, including ones linked with cancer and that disrupt hormone systems.

When she had finished hauling buckets home in the tropical heat, one of the community leaders, Aydee Quiroz Nunez, told us how the local water crisis had begun. She first suspected a problem in 1995, when her family's health deteriorated dramatically after they moved to the village. Then growing numbers of locals began reporting unexplained illnesses - diarrhoea, rashes, gastric problems, including vomiting blood, pains in bones and headaches, loss of vision. Ramirez's university colleagues tested the water, and the tests were then verified by international labs.

Eventually, 10 years later, the government accepted that residues of 22 agrochemicals could be detected in the drinking water, among them bromacil, a herbicide linked with cancer of the thyroid, liver and kidneys. Finally, in 2007, the authorities agreed to send in water by tanker. But deliveries can be erratic and are insufficient. When we visited, Nunez and her neighbours had been waiting four days for the tanker to arrive. Most residents still rely on the contaminated piped water for washing and, if they are out when the tanker does show up, for drinking water, too. Many complained of serious health problems.

"I now have many chronic illnesses, and so do my children," Nunez told us. "It's not fair what's happening to us." She broke down in tears as she explained how their campaign to get back decent water had been greeted by officials. "The government has labelled us communists for this. The reality is many people are sick because of pineapples. We are not communists."

We asked the owners of Hacienda Ojo de Agua and Del Monte to comment on the water contamination next to their plantations. The Hacienda did not respond, although it has in the past told local press that it hasn't broken any laws. Del Monte said the government was monitoring the situation and that it had stopped using bromacil on its own farm nearby when it bought it in 2008. Del Monte added that it did not use any pesticides banned by the US or the EU, and that it closely managed pesticide use on its contracted farms.

Pineapples were worth $700m to the Costa Rican economy in 2009. The sector currently employs around 25,500 workers directly and accounts for a further 100,000 jobs indirectly. In the eyes of the government, the multinationals and principal aid donor the US, the industry represents a much-needed opportunity for Costa Rica to develop.

But as with so much globalised, liberalised food production today, the new jobs created are "flexible" and conditions often so tough that they are filled not by locals but by Nicaraguan migrants. Approximately 60% of workers in the Costa Rican pineapple industry are Nicaraguan, rising to 90% in the Atlantic and northern growing regions. Many of the migrants are without proper papers and therefore struggle to assert their rights.

We met a group of them who work on a large plantation owned by Grupo Acon, a major supplier to Dole, Fyffes, Tesco and Walmart-Asda. Pineapple price wars in western supermarkets meant only one thing for them: "Our wages have been slashed. We are in crisis. It's nowhere near enough to cover our living costs. We are even struggling to pay for water," one of the workers told us. The group alleged that the company had nearly halved their pay in recent months, saying it had no choice because of falling prices in Europe.

At peak harvest times, the work is long and arduous, both in the field and in the pack houses that run 24/7. Pablo Lopez Garcia from Nicaragua had worked seven days a week for more than three weeks when we caught up with him on his first day off in a month. A member of the plantation workers' union Sitrap, he had recently been persuading fellow workers to petition the company for independent union representation on its "permanent committee" that handles relations between employees and management. But everyone who had signed the petition had just been sacked, he told us. In 2007, there was a mass sacking, or "liquidaciones", and rehiring at wage rates reportedly 40% lower than previously. Union members were rehired only if they agreed to give up their affiliation, we were told.

Victor Louis Espinoza, also from Nicaragua, had been in Costa Rica for six years, sending money home when he could to his wife and child so she could go to school, but his pay had been nearly halved in recent months and, despite working six or seven days a week, 12 hours a day, he said he could barely survive now. He joined the union three years ago, having suffered health problems as a chemical sprayer, in particular after using an organophosphate insecticide called diazinon. "We used to have headaches, skin burns, nausea. They stopped using that after we complained, but we still get rashes sometimes from different chemicals." Approval for diazinon, mostly used as a sheep-dip in the UK, was revoked in this country in 1999 and its use in agriculture phased out from that date. Grupo Acon stopped using it a year ago.

Espinoza was longing to go home, and described a future that seemed to him without hope. "They say the cuts are market pressures and we just have to accept it. I miss my family, of course - it's really difficult to get permission for a holiday long enough to travel all the way back to Nicaragua."

We put details of these allegations to Grupo Acon for comment. It failed to respond before our film was completed, but later told us that strict protocols are in place to deal with any chemical accidents, and are followed. Dole declined to comment on conditions at its supplier. Asda currently takes pineapples from Grupo Acon via Fyffes. Fyffes said it had checked in audits and was satisfied its suppliers had an open attitude to trades unions and and did not refuse to hire union members. Tesco, meanwhile, told us it was actively engaged in improving conditions. "Tesco always looks to ensure high ethical standards among its suppliers. After two years working with suppliers in Costa Rica, we have brokered an agreement to invite independent labour experts to review labour practices and identify ways to strengthen them. That project is under way and is examining issues including pay, labour relations, seasonal labour and health and safety."

The Costa Rican fruit industry has a long record of hostility to independent unions, born of its geographical position and the political history of Central America, according to Carlos Arguedas, environment and health officer for Sitrap. He is based in Siquirres, one of the featureless towns that has grown up in the pineapple frontier. As a young man, he was one of the many chemical sprayers made sterile by the notorious pesticide DBCP when he worked on Dole banana plantations. (As compensation for being made infertile, he told us he received $7,500 from the company.) He has been jailed 23 times for union activism and confrontations that have arisen from it.

As a veteran of union campaigns, Arguedas was familiar with the "communist" label thrown at those, like Aydee Nunez in El Cairo, who confront the powerful interests in the international fruit trade. He explained some of the history. Export-led growth is part of a new vision for Costa Rica promoted by US Aid from the early 80s under the American Public Law 480 "food for peace" programme. After a debt crisis, a World Bank study recommended a restructuring of the economy with a liberalisation of markets and a shift to more food for export to the US and EU, in exchange for cheap imports of US maize, beans and rice. The US gave millions in soft loans to implement it. The policies also created opportunities for US-based trading companies to expand in the region. Cold war politics were a powerful force at the time, and the US was keen to support governments in its backyard against what it saw as socialist and communist tendencies. It was alarmed by the wave of strikes and violent outbreaks on what were then heavily unionised banana plantations on the Pacific coast. It found a willing ally in this geopolitical game in the Catholic church under its Polish, anti-communist pope, John Paul II.

The legacy today is an antipathy to the unions.Arguedas agreed to be our guide in the flatlands of the northern Atlantic region, where there were reports of union repression. In contrast to the rolling hills of the rainforested tourist north, this is a bleak, agri-industrial landscape in which miles of banana, in blue plastic insecticide bags, give way to miles of pineapple. The humidity is intense, and the settlement we were visiting seemed not even to merit a proper name. It was simply called Agriportica - Agriculture for Tica [Costa Rica]. Del Monte has two huge pineapple plantations here.

Workers were too frightened to be identified, but we gathered more evidence here of mass sackings and allegations of union-breaking at Del Monte's Finca San Peter at the end of last year. We were told a few workers tried to join the union to demand higher pay, and after some had been poisoned while spraying pineapples with Furadan - one of the most toxic carbamate pesticides, not approved for crop use in the EU. Carbamates are nerve poisons. The company reaction was "like a bomb going off", one worker said. It was alleged that first members were intimidated and threatened. I was shown a notice that was then put up in the plantation office announcing that all field workers, around 300 people, would be sacked in a mass "liquidacion" and rehiring on 7 November. The workers were rehired on slightly poorer conditions than before, with the exception of union members.

Didier Leiton, the local Sitrap organiser, took up the story for workers who felt unable to speak openly. (Like Arguedas, he had in his youth been a sprayer on banana plantations and was made sterile by DBCP.) "They were offered free transport to Siquirres town to renounce their union membership. Those who accepted the offer were rehired; those who did not were not." One who refused to leave the union found his house burned down shortly after. Leiton suspects it was arson, though there has been no formal investigation. He was himself beaten up one night on his way home from union work on a separately-owned plantation.

We put detailed allegations to Del Monte about incidents at San Peter and two other cases, similar in scale and nature, related to us by workers, of alleged mass sackings and union-busting, chemical accidents and violence against union organisers on Del Monte-owned or Del Monte-supplying pineapple plantations in Costa Rica. The company did not respond to our specific allegations, but said in a statement that strict controls and rigorous good practice had enabled it to keep accidents to a minimum. It added that freedom of association was a fundamental right for all its employees, many of whom belonged to unions. In Costa Rica, the vast majority of its farm employees chose to be represented by permanent committees, it said.

These committees are controversial. Many workers told us they didn't feel they represented workers' interests and were manipulated by managements. According to the independent unions, they are part of a new structure for industrial relations put in place by the fruit companies when they moved to the Atlantic zone in the 80s and designed to keep free unions out. The structure includes the Solidarista Associations which are part of a movement promoted by an institution within the Costa Rican Catholic church. Multinational fruit companies have paid this Catholic "escuela", or school, to produce anti-union literature and films to show workers on plantations. These alternative structures for labour relations got off to a flying start with a $1.5m cheque from the US embassy.

There are other ways to farm pineapples. While in Costa Rica, we met a leading fairtrade and organic farmer, Mainor Soto Castro, who works his own land with his family in the northern region. He told us he had switched out of conventional production when his family kept becoming ill from the chemicals they had to apply. Instead, he now controls pests by rotating crops and building up the health of the soil, and therefore the ability of the plants to resist them. He was prospering, in part thanks to the extra premium paid to him for fairtrade. But the association that markets his fruit told us its fairtrade pineapple business as a whole was in crisis. With prices of conventional pineapple being slashed across Europe, demand for the more expensive fairtrade fruit had fallen dramatically. People who might be prepared to pay an extra 50p for more ethical production were put off when the price difference was £1 or more. Three-quarters of its fairtrade pineapples were finding no market and were no longer actually sold as such, but were sold as though they were conventionally grown, so the farmers were receiving no premium for them.

As we drove away from the Finca San Peter, we passed one of the signs you frequently see at the entrance to plantations, often alongside a warning not to enter because agrochemicals have recently been applied: "Thanks to Solidarista, 250 workers toil here in peace and harmony with employers. Solidarismo = Peace." According to Arguedas, the result of "employers and workers toiling in harmony thanks to solidarismo" is a distribution of money from the pineapple trade as unequal as the burden of its environmental impacts.

Consumers International research has found that of every pound you spend on pineapple in the shop, retailers typically take 41p, multinational traders 38p and plantation owners 17p; where the multinational traders also own the plantations, they get 55p. Workers typically receive just 4p.

"All the pineapple production has done is generate money for the multinational companies' foreign bank accounts," Arguedas told us. "Here it only pays wages too low for people to live on and destroys our environment. This is not development. If anything, it is going backwards."

The less people pay in Europe, the higher the price, it seems, they have to pay in Costa Rica.

See Felicity Lawrence's film about pineapples, directed by Tom Pearson, at theguardian.com/video. Additional reporting and translation: Sam Jones.

* This article was amended on 11 November 2011 to correct a link to the appropriate Del Monte website.
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Bitter fruit: The truth about supermarket pineapple

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Late morning, and the suffocating heat of Costa Rica's rainy season has turned the air over the plantation leaden. On the horizon, where the spikes of thousands of pineapple plants merge into a grey-green fog, sits a spraying machine.

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Felicity Lawrence, corresponsal especial de Guardian investiga informes sobre danos ambientales, destruccion de sindicatos y salarios de miseria en la industria de la pina de Costa Rica

* Watch a version of this film in English

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Video | Pinas: El precio oculto de la fruta tropical

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Felicity Lawrence, corresponsal especial de Guardian investiga informes sobre danos ambientales, destruccion de sindicatos y salarios de miseria en la industria de la pina de Costa Rica * Watch a version of this film in English

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Ananaren ekoizpena izugarri handitu da eta prezioak izugarri txikitu dira,

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Ananaren ekoizpena izugarri handitu da eta prezioak izugarri txikitu dira,

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hau multinazional eta enpresen arteko lehian du jatorria; izan ere, produktuak

merkeak eta produukzioa handia izan dadin, ekoizpenean zenbait eskubide

urratu egiten dira. Horregatik, prezio baxu hauen atzean badago argitaratzen

ez den mundu bat, badaude kalte izugarriak:

1.) Biztanleriarentzako

2.) Ingurumenerako

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Los beneficios de la piña fresca son infinitos

L&S.- Los beneficios de la piña son enormes. Tiene buena fama de ser una fruta diurética y depurativa. Contribuye a eliminar por la orina las toxinas que acumula nuestro organismo. Además, previene el estreñimiento debido a la gran cantidad de fibra que aporta. Activa el metabolismo y la eliminación de grasa y facilitan la digestión.

Los mayores beneficios de la piña para la salud están en que es una de las frutas más sanas de la naturaleza

La piña es rica en vitaminas C, B1, B6, ácido fólico (una vitamina del complejo B que es esencial para la vida) y minerales como el potasio. Otro de los beneficios de la Piña como alimento, es que en su gran mayoría es agua. Apenas contiene grasa y es muy baja en calorías. Contiene una enzima llamada bromelina, la cual deshace las proteínas. Resulta similar a la pepsina, enzima que forma parte del jugo gástrico. Se puede decir que que mejora la digestión y destruye los parásitos intestinales.

¿Qué es la bromelina ? Conoces sus propiedades digestivas

Como ya hemos citado, entre los beneficios de la piña está su contenido en la bromelina. Se trata de una enzima digestiva que se extrae del tallo y de la fruta de la piña cruda y que contiene azufre. También la venden como un compuesto para ablandar las carnes. La bromelina contiene (entre otros componentes) varias enzimas proteinasas. Se ha demostrado -tanto en el laboratorio como en estudios en animales y humanos-, sus propiedades antiinflamatorias, antitrombóticas, antiedematosas (que evitan el edema) y fibrinolíticas (que deshacen los coágulos).

Se ha encontrado que la a bromelina es un agente antiinflamatorio eficaz. Útil en la reducción de las enfermedades que conllevan inflamación como hinchazones, sinusitis aguda, dolor de garganta, artritis o gota. También es un anticoagulante natural y hay evidencias de quepuede provocar cambios beneficiosos en los glóbulos blancos de la sangre, por lo tanto mejora la función inmune.

Es una buena ayuda en casos de cicatrización de lesiones musculares menores, tales como torceduras o esguinces. En los resultados de un estudio se encontraron evidencias de que puede ser de gran ayuda en casos de artritis reumatoide. También hay indicios de que la bromelina tiene propiedades anti cancerígenas (aunque esto no ha sido probado). Existen varios estudios recientes en que se ha vinculado la inflamación crónica con el cáncer. Esto indicaría que cualquier acción contra el cáncer de la bromelina puede deberse a sus propiedades anti inflamatorias.

Como podemos ver, los beneficios de la piña para la salud son muchos. Vale la pena tener piña fresca siempre

Otros beneficios como los antioxidantes

La piña es una excelente fuente de vitamina C, yodo, magnesio, fósforo y calcio. Nutrientes útiles para la tiroides y las células nerviosas. La vitamina C aporta al organismo una protección frente a radicales libres (sustancias que atacan a las células sanas). La acumulación de radicales libres pueden ser los causantes de provocar ateroesclerosis y enfermedades cardíacas o diabetes. También ataques de asma, riesgo de desarrollar ciertos cánceres (como el cáncer de colon), etc. Los radicales libres también se ha demostrado que son los causantes de problemas asociados a osteoartritis y artritis reumatoide.

La vitamina C es el antioxidante soluble en agua más importante que el cuerpo utiliza en su lucha diaria contra las agresiones de microorganismos malignos, además de ayudar en el aprovechamiento del hierro y el calcio. Por supuesto, también es lo que mejor combate el resfriado común, la gripe y todas las enfermedades que vienen como consecuencia del frío. Refuerza el sistema inmune.

Aumenta el aporte de manganeso en tu dieta

Entre los beneficios importantes de la piña está el de ser una excelente fuente de manganeso, un mineral esencial para la producción energética de algunas enzimas. También tiene grandes cantidades de tiamina (vitamina B1), también muy importante para que estas enzimas produzcan esa energía.

La piña también aporta hierro, azufre y potasio, que favorecen la actividad de las hormonas sexuales y ayudan a generar enzimas.

Los beneficios de la piña en la prevención de la degeneración macular

Los beneficios de la piña par ala salud del organismo no son cuestionables. Es una de las frutas más importantes también en mantener la buen salud de los ojos. Está demostrado que ayuda en casos de problemas oftálmicos producidos por la edad como la degeneración macular. Tres piezas de fruta al día ricas en antioxidantes rebajan el riesgo potencial de contraer esta debilitante enfermedad.

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Beneficios de la piña - Tu complemento ideal para dietas

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L&S.- Los beneficios de la piña son enormes. Tiene buena fama de ser una fruta diurética y depurativa. Contribuye a eliminar por la orina las toxinas que acumula nuestro organismo. Además, previene el estreñimiento debido a la gran cantidad de fibra que aporta. Activa el metabolismo y la eliminación de grasa y facilitan la digestión.

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nahiz eta Costa Rica-n legezkoak izan, mundu mailan gehienak legez kanpo daude beren kalteengatik, ingurumen zein biztanleriarentzako. Anana “perfektuak” osatzeko 20kg inguru produktu kimiko erabili behar dira, mota ezberdinetakoak, bioaniztasuna ezabatzen dituztenak eta giza osasunerako kaltegarriak direnak.

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Ananaren ekoizpenean lan egiten duten pertsonak haien egoera kritikoa dela dakiten arren, ezin dute salaketarik egin, ez dute modurik haien eskubideak aldarrikatzeko, sindikatuak dauden arren, haietara afiliatzen direnak lanetik kanporatzen dituztelako. Beraz, lan baldintza horiek sufritzera behartuta daude.

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kutsatu egiten ari da, deforestazioa gertatzen ari da.. Hain zuzen ere produkzioa hobetzeko eta handitzeko erabiltzen dituzte produktu eta kimiko kaltegarriengatik. 22 agrokimikoen hondakinak detektatu dituzte bertako uran, pestizidak lurrean pilatuta geratzen baitira, eta erreketaraino heltzen direlako. Horrela biztanleriaren bizitza arriskuan dago ur garbirik ez dagoelako eta askotan ur garbia kamioietan eramaten diete haien etxera. (Kamioia 4 egunean behin igarotzen da askotan)

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Colombia's farmers can hope again after bloody decades of civil war - but they're not relying on politicians to help them Tim Adams Sun 25 Feb 2018 08.30 GMT (Reproduced from https://www.theguardian.com) Barrio Obrero, Santa Marta, Colombia. Photograph: Ian Berry/Magnum Photos Don José Manuel Suarez has seen some things....

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Colombia's farmers can hope again after bloody decades of civil war - but they're not relying on politicians to help them Tim Adams Sun 25 Feb 2018 08.30 GMT (Reproduced from https://www.theguardian.com) Barrio Obrero, Santa Marta, Colombia. Photograph: Ian Berry/Magnum Photos Don José Manuel Suarez has seen some things....

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zenbait onura dakartza gure osasunerako:

Alde batetik, odol zirkulazioa arintzen du eta digestioan

toxinak kanporatzeko prozesuan laguntzen du. Horretaz

aparte, Bitamina C, B1,B2,B6... eta mineral ugari dauka.

Begi osasunean lagundu egiten du, gainera ur ugari eta

gantz gutxiko elikagaia da.

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larriak dira, izan ere, ekoizpena handia izan dadin langileak oso baldinta txarretan lan egiten dute: soldata txikiak, lanaldi luzeak, eskubiderik ez, asko haien familietatik urrun bizi dira,.. Ez dute dirua aurrezteko modurik eta txirotasunean bizi dira egun osoa lanean ematen duten arren.

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Costa Rica da, eta bertan ekoizten dute ananaren ekoizpenaren parterik handiena: Europara ekartzen dituzten ananen %75. Duela mende bat baino gehiago ananak inportatzen dituela baina ez hain modu masiboan, izan ere, orain, multinazional batzuek kontrolatzen dute merkatua; adibidez: Acon Group